有机原料主要包括以石油和天然气为原料的石油化工,粮食发酵制酒精或溶剂业,煤气化后的原料气以及煤干馏回收的煤焦油制成的各种有机化工产品。在我国,早期发展主要依赖于以煤产电石生成乙炔路线、煤气化合成甲醇和甲醛路线、回收煤焦油中的苯、萘、蒽等化合物,以及利用粮食发酵蒸馏制得酒精。
基本有机化工所用的主要直接原料有:氢气、一氧化碳、脂肪烃类(如甲烷、乙烯、乙炔、丙烯及C4以上的脂肪烃)、芳香烃类(如苯、甲苯、二甲苯和乙苯)等。从原油、石油馏分或低碳烷烃的裂解气、炼厂气以及煤气中,可以分离出用于不同目的的脂肪烃原料;通过催化重整的重整汽油、烃类裂解的裂解汽油以及煤干馏的煤焦油中的芳烃原料;适当的石油馏分也可直接用作某些产品的原料;从湿性天然气可分离出甲烷以外的其他低碳烷烃;通过煤气化和天然气、炼厂气或石油馏分的部分氧化,可以制得合成气;由焦炭制得的碳化钙或天然气、石脑油裂解均可获得乙炔。此外,还可以利用农林副产品作为原料。
有机原料的应用范围广泛,主要可分为三个方面:一是用于生产高分子化工产品的原料,即聚合反应单体;二是用于其他有机化学工业,包括精细化工产品的原料;三是用于溶剂、冷冻剂、防冻剂和气体吸附剂等。基本有机化工是发展各种有机化学品的基础,在现代工业结构中占据重要地位。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
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[[(7-溴庚基)氧基]甲基]苯 | (((7-bromoheptyl)oxy)methyl)benzene | 94427-22-2 | C14H21BrO |
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[[(2-羟基乙基)亚氨基]二(亚甲基)]二膦酸 | <(2-hydroxyethyl)imino>dimethylene diphosphonic acid | 5995-42-6 | C4H13NO7P2 |
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[[(2-乙基己基)亚氨基]二(亚甲基)]二膦酸 | <2-Aethyl-hexyl>-bis-<phosphono-methyl>-amin | 6204-28-0 | C10H25NO6P2 |
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[[(1,1-二甲基乙氧基)羰基]苯基氨基]乙酸 | N-t-butoxycarbonyl L-phenylglycine | 150806-61-4 | C13H17NO4 |
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[R-(R*,R*)]-甲基(1,5-二甲基己-4-烯基)铵酒石酸氢盐 | methyl(6-methylhept-5-en-2-yl)azanium;(2R,3R)-2,3,4-trihydroxy-4-oxobutanoate | 5984-50-9 | C13H25NO6 |
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[R-(-)-2-苯基-1-(2-噻唑基)乙胺] | [R-(-)-2-phenyl-1-(2-thiazolyl)ethylamine] | 144774-97-0 | C11H12N2S |
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[7-乙酰氧基-2-(4-乙酰氧基苯基)-4-氧代苯并吡喃-5-基]乙酸酯 | apigenin triacetate | 3316-46-9 | C21H16O8 |
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[6]-去氢姜酮 | (E)-<6>-dehydrogingerdione | 76060-35-0 | C17H22O4 |
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[6-(二叔丁基膦亚甲基)-2-(N,N-二乙基氨基甲基)-1,6-二氢吡啶]羰基氢化钌 | Carbonylhydrido[6-(di-t-butylphosphinomethylene)-2-(N,N-diethylaminomethyl)-1,6-dihydropyridine]ruthenium(II) | 863971-63-5 | C20H35N2OPRu |
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[6,6]-苯基 C71 丁酸甲酯 | [6,6]-phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester | 609771-63-3 | C82H14O2 |
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[5-[[(2-氯-6-甲基苯基)氨基]羰基]-2-噻唑基]氨基甲酸叔丁酯 | tert-butyl (5-((2-chloro-6-methylphenyl)carbamoyl)thiazol-2-yl)carbamate | 302964-06-3 | C16H18ClN3O3S |
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[5-(三氟甲基)吡啶-2-基]甲胺盐酸盐 | (5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl)methanamine hydrochloride | 871826-12-9 | C7H7F3N2*ClH |
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[5-(2,4-二氧代嘧啶-1-基)-3,4-二羟基四氢呋喃-2-基]甲基[羟基-(3,4,5-三羟基四氢吡喃-2-基)氧基磷酰]磷酸氢酯 | UDP-xylose | 3616-06-6 | C14H22N2O16P2 |
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[4’-丙基-1,1’-二环己基]-4-酮 | 4-(4-propylcyclohexyl)cyclohexanone | 87625-09-0 | C15H26O |
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[4-(4-氨基苯甲酰基)氧基苯基]4-氨基苯甲酸酯 | 1,4-Phenylene-di-4-aminobenzoate | 22095-98-3 | C20H16N2O4 |
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[4-甲基-2-(4-(三氟甲基)苯酚)-1,3-噻唑-5-基]甲醇 | [4-methyl-2-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-thiazol-5-yl]-methanol | 317318-96-0 | C12H10F3NOS |
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[4-氯-3-(三氟甲基)苯基]氨基甲酸苯基酯 | phenyl (4-chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)carbamate | 871555-75-8 | C14H9ClF3NO2 |
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[4-[5-[4-(2-甲基丙基)苯基l]-1,2,4-恶二唑-3-基]苯基]甲醇 | 4-(5-(4-isobutylphenyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)phenylmethanol | 635702-24-8 | C19H20N2O2 |
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[4-[4-(乙酰氧基甲基)苯氧基]苯基]甲基乙酸酯 | 4,4'-oxydibenzenemethanol diacetate | 2416-40-2 | C18H18O5 |
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[4-[1-(4-乙酰氧基-3-烯丙基-苯基)-1-甲基-乙基]-2-烯丙基-苯基]乙酸酯 | O,O'-diallylbisphenol A | 1071466-61-9 | C25H28O4 |
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[4-[(6-溴己基)氧基]丁基]苯 | 6-bromohexyl 4-phenylbutyl ether | 94749-73-2 | C16H25BrO |
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[4-(苯甲酰氧基)-2-甲基萘-1-基]苯甲酸酯 | 2-methyl-1,4-naphthalenediol dibenzoate | 2211-31-6 | C25H18O4 |
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[4-(甲基氨基)苯基]甲醇 | (4-(methylamino)phenyl)methanol | 181819-75-0 | C8H11NO |
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[4-(溴乙酰基)苯基]氨基甲酸苯甲酯 | 4-((carbobenzyloxy)amino)phenacyl bromide | 157014-41-0 | C16H14BrNO3 |
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[4-(氨基甲基)四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基]甲醇 | (4-(aminomethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)methanol | 959238-22-3 | C7H15NO2 |
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[4-(哌啶基甲基)苯基]甲胺 | (4-(piperidin-1-ylmethyl)phenyl)methanamine | 91271-81-7 | C13H20N2 |
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[4-(二苯基膦)丁基]二苯基氧化膦 | diphenylphosphino(diphenylphosphonyl)butane | 85686-00-6 | C28H28OP2 |
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[4-(二乙胺基-1-羰基)苯基]三氟硼酸钾 | Potassium [4-(diethylamine-1-carbonyl)phenyl]trifluoroborate | 1983205-53-3 | C11H14BF3NO*K |
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[4-(三氟甲基)苯氧基]-乙酸 | 2-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy)acetic acid | 163839-73-4 | C9H7F3O3 |
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[4-(4-甲氧基苯氧基)苯基]胺 | 4-(4'-methoxyphenoxy)aniline | 31465-36-8 | C13H13NO2 |
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[4-(4-戊基环己基)-2-氟苯基]硼酸 | 4-(4-pentylcyclohexyl)-2-fluorophenylboronic acid | 877052-48-7 | C17H26BFO2 |
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[4-(4-吗啉甲基)苯基]溴化镁 | Magnesium bromide 4-[(morpholin-4-yl)methyl]benzen-1-ide (1/1/1) | 480424-75-7 | C11H14BrMgNO |
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[4-(4,6-二氯嘧啶基-2-磺酰基)苯基L]甲胺环丙羧酸 | N-(4-(4,6-dichloropyrimidin-2-ylthio)phenyl)cyclopropanamide | 639090-53-2 | C14H11Cl2N3OS |
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[4-(2-苯基乙基)苯基]胺盐酸盐 | 4-(β-phenylethyl)aniline hydrochloride | 71845-20-0 | C14H15N*ClH |
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[4-(2-羟基乙氧基)苯基]-苯基甲酮 | (4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)phenyl)(phenyl)methanone | 14814-17-6 | C15H14O3 |
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[4-(2-乙基己氧基)-2-羟基苯基]-苯基甲酮 | 2-Hydroxy-4-(2-ethyl-hexyloxy)-benzophenon | 2549-90-8 | C21H26O3 |
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[4-(2,5-二甲基-1H-吡咯-1-基)苯基]甲醇 | [4-(2,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrrol-1-yl)phenyl]methanol | 773870-17-0 | C13H15NO |
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[4-(1-吡啶甲基)苯基]溴化镁 | Magnesium bromide 4-[(pyrrolidin-1-yl)methyl]benzen-1-ide (1/1/1) | 480424-78-0 | C11H14BrMgN |
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[4-(1-吡咯烷基)苯基]甲胺 | (4-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)phenyl)methanamine | 114365-04-7 | C11H16N2 |
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[4,4''-双(1,1-二甲基乙基)-2,2''-联吡啶-κN,κN]双[5-氟-2-(5-甲基-2-吡啶基-κN)苯基-κC六氟磷酸铱 | (4,4'-di-tert-butyl-2,2'-dipyridyl)-bis-(5-methyl-2-(4-fluorophenyl)pyridine(-1H))-iridium(III) hexafluorophosphate | 808142-88-3 | C42H42F2IrN4*F6P |
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[3aR(3aα,4α,5β,6aα)]-(-)-5-(苯甲酰氧基)六氢-2-氧代-2H-环戊并[b]呋喃-4-甲醛 | (1S,5R,6R,7R)-6-formyl-7-benzoyloxy-2-oxabicyclo[3.3.0]octan-3-one | 39746-01-5 | C15H14O5 |
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[3-氯-4-(吡啶-2-甲氧基)苯基]甲胺 | 3-chloro-4-(2-pyridylmethoxy)aniline | 524955-09-7 | C12H11ClN2O |
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[3-(羟甲基)氮杂环丁烷-3-基]甲醇盐酸盐 | azetidine-3,3-dimethanol hydrochloride | 1016232-92-0 | C5H11NO2*ClH |
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[3-(甲基丙烯酰氨基)丙基]二甲基(3-硫代丙基)氢氧化铵内盐 | N,N-dimethyl-N-(3-sulfopropyl)-3'-methacrylamidopropanaminium inner salt | 5205-95-8 | C12H24N2O4S |
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[3-(二苯基膦)丙基]二苯基氧化膦 | (3-(diphenylphosphaneyl)propyl)diphenylphosphine oxide | 85685-99-0 | C27H26OP2 |
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[3-(二甲基氨基)丙基]三苯基溴化磷 | (3-dimethylaminopropyl)-triphenylphosphoniumbromide | 18355-96-9 | Br*C23H27NP |
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[3-(乙氧羰基)丙基]三苯基溴化膦 | (3-ethoxycarbonylpropyl)triphenylphosphonium bromide | 50479-11-3 | Br*C24H26O2P |
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[3-(三乙氧基硅基)丙基]氨基甲酸甲酯 | N-(3-trimethoxysilylpropyl) O-methyl carbamate | 23432-62-4 | C8H19NO5Si |
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[3-(5-氯o-2-甲基苯基)-1-甲基l-2-三azenyl]乙酸 | N-((5-Chloro-2-methoxyphenyl)azo)sarcosine | 120-04-7 | C10H12ClN3O3 |
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[3-(4-氯苯基)-1,2,4-恶二唑-5-基]甲醇 | 3-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole | 5372-40-7 | C9H7ClN2O2 |
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