有机原料主要包括以石油和天然气为原料的石油化工,粮食发酵制酒精或溶剂业,煤气化后的原料气以及煤干馏回收的煤焦油制成的各种有机化工产品。在我国,早期发展主要依赖于以煤产电石生成乙炔路线、煤气化合成甲醇和甲醛路线、回收煤焦油中的苯、萘、蒽等化合物,以及利用粮食发酵蒸馏制得酒精。
基本有机化工所用的主要直接原料有:氢气、一氧化碳、脂肪烃类(如甲烷、乙烯、乙炔、丙烯及C4以上的脂肪烃)、芳香烃类(如苯、甲苯、二甲苯和乙苯)等。从原油、石油馏分或低碳烷烃的裂解气、炼厂气以及煤气中,可以分离出用于不同目的的脂肪烃原料;通过催化重整的重整汽油、烃类裂解的裂解汽油以及煤干馏的煤焦油中的芳烃原料;适当的石油馏分也可直接用作某些产品的原料;从湿性天然气可分离出甲烷以外的其他低碳烷烃;通过煤气化和天然气、炼厂气或石油馏分的部分氧化,可以制得合成气;由焦炭制得的碳化钙或天然气、石脑油裂解均可获得乙炔。此外,还可以利用农林副产品作为原料。
有机原料的应用范围广泛,主要可分为三个方面:一是用于生产高分子化工产品的原料,即聚合反应单体;二是用于其他有机化学工业,包括精细化工产品的原料;三是用于溶剂、冷冻剂、防冻剂和气体吸附剂等。基本有机化工是发展各种有机化学品的基础,在现代工业结构中占据重要地位。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
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N,N,N-三甲基-2-氧代-1-丙基氯化铵(1:1) | Acetonyl-trimethyl-ammonium | 54541-46-7 | C6H14NO*Cl |
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N,N,N-三甲基-2-[(2-甲基-1-氧代-2-丙基)氧]-乙氨甲基硫酸酯 | 2-(N,N,N-trimethylammonio)ethyl methacrylate methyl sulfate | 6891-44-7 | CH3O4S*C9H18NO2 |
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N,N,N,N-四异丙基二氨基磷酸甲酯 | bis(N,N-diisopropylamino)methoxyphosphine | 92611-10-4 | C13H31N2OP |
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N,N,N,N-四乙酰乙二胺 | N,N'-ethylenebis(3-oxobutanamide) | 1471-94-9 | C10H16N2O4 |
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N,N,N,N,-四环氧丙基-4,4-二氨基二苯甲烷 | 4,4'-methylene-bis(N,N'-diglycidylaniline) | 28768-32-3 | C25H30N2O4 |
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N,N,N'-三甲基乙二胺 | N,N',N'-trimethylenediamine | 142-25-6 | C5H14N2 |
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N,N,N'-三乙基乙二胺 | N,N,N'-triethylethanediamine | 105-04-4 | C8H20N2 |
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N,N,N',N'-四甲基苯-1,3-二胺 | N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-m-phenylenediamine | 22440-93-3 | C10H16N2 |
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N,N,N',N'-四甲基-2-丁烯-1,4-二胺 | 1,4-bis(dimethylamino)but-2-ene | 4559-79-9 | C8H18N2 |
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N,N,N',N'-四甲基-1,6-己二胺 | N,N,N',N'-tetramethylhexamethylenediamine | 111-18-2 | C10H24N2 |
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N,N,N',N'-四乙基甲二胺 | bis(diethylamino)methane | 102-53-4 | C9H22N2 |
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N,N,N',N'-四丙基甲烷二胺 | bis-(dipropylamino)methane | 10333-53-6 | C13H30N2 |
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N,N,N',N'-四-(2羟基丙基)乙二胺 | N,N,N',N'-tetra(2-hydroxypropyl)ethylenediamine | 102-60-3 | C14H32N2O4 |
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N,N,N',N'-四(2,3-环氧丙基)环己烷-1,3-二甲胺 | 1,3-bis(N,N-diglycidylaminomethyl)cyclohexane | 65992-66-7 | C20H34N2O4 |
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N,N,4-三甲基-苯甲胺 | 4-methyl-N,N-dimethylbenzylamine | 4052-88-4 | C10H15N |
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N,N,3,5-四甲基苯胺 | 3,5,N,N-tetramethylaniline | 4913-13-7 | C10H15N |
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N,N,2-三甲基丙酰胺 | N,N,2-trimethylpropionamide | 21678-37-5 | C6H13NO |
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N,N,2,2-四甲基-1,3-丙二胺 | N,N,2,2-tetramethyl-1,3-propanediamine | 53369-71-4 | C7H18N2 |
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N,N'-硫羰基二咪唑 | 1,1'-Thiocarbonyldiimidazole | 6160-65-2 | C7H6N4S |
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N,N'-环己烷双马来亚酰胺 | N,N-hexamethylenebis(maleimide) | 4856-87-5 | C14H16N2O4 |
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N,N'-己烷-1,6-二基二(六氢-2-氧代-1H-氮杂卓-1-甲酰胺) | <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>'-bis-(2-oxo-hexahydro-azepine-1-carbonyl)-hexanediyldiamine | 5888-87-9 | C20H34N4O4 |
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N,N'-双十六烷基乙二胺 | <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>'-dihexadecyl-ethylenediamine | 5451-07-0 | C34H72N2 |
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N,N'-双(亚水杨基)乙二胺 | N,N'-ethylenebis(salicylideneimine) | 94-93-9 | C16H16N2O2 |
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N,N'-双(亚水杨基)-1,4-丁烷二胺 | N,N'-bis(salicylidene)-1,4-butanediamine | 3955-57-5 | C18H20N2O2 |
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N,N'-双(二甲基氨基亚甲基)肼 | n,n-Dimethylformamide azine | 16114-05-9 | C6H14N4 |
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N,N'-双(3-氨丙基)-1,3-丙二胺 | N,N'-bis-(3-aminopropyl)-1,3-propanediamine | 4605-14-5 | C9H24N4 |
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N,N'-双(2-羟乙基)乙二胺 | N,N'-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)ethylene diamine | 4439-20-7 | C6H16N2O2 |
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N,N'-双(2-乙基己基)-3,4,9,10-苝四甲酰二亚胺 | 2,9-bis(2-ethylhexyl)anthra[2,1,9-def:6,5,10-d',e',f']diisoquinoline-1,3,8,10(2H,9H)-tetraone | 82531-03-1 | C40H42N2O4 |
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N,N'-亚甲基双十六碳-1-酰胺 | bis-palmitoylamino-methane | 5136-47-0 | C33H66N2O2 |
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N,N'-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺 | N,N'-Methylenebisacrylamide | 110-26-9 | C7H10N2O2 |
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N,N'-二辛基-1,7-二溴-苝四羧酸二酰亚胺 | N,N'-bis(n-octyl)-1,7-dibromo-perylene-3,4:9,10-bis(dicarboximide) | 209111-67-1 | C40H40Br2N2O4 |
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N,N'-二苯基间苯二胺 | N,N'-diphenyl-m-phenylenediamine | 5905-36-2 | C18H16N2 |
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N,N'-二苯基-3,4,9,10-二甲酰亚胺 | N,N'-diphenyl-3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic diimide | 128-65-4 | C36H18N2O4 |
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N,N'-二苄基乙二胺 | N,N'-Dibenzylethylenediamine | 140-28-3 | C16H20N2 |
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N,N'-二羟基均苯四酸亚胺 | N,N'-dihydroxypyromellitimide | 57583-53-6 | C10H4N2O6 |
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N,N'-二甲基乙二胺 | sym-dimethylethylenediamine | 110-70-3 | C4H12N2 |
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N,N'-二甲基丁-2-烯-1,4-二胺 | N,N'-dimethyl-1,4-diamino-butene-2 | 111-72-8 | C6H14N2 |
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N,N'-二甲基-N-甲基哌啶-4-甲酰胺 | N,N,1-trimethylpiperidine-4-carboxamide | 613678-09-4 | C9H18N2O |
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N,N'-二甲基-N,N'-二(2-甲基氨基乙基)乙烷-1,2-二胺 | 1,4,7,10-tetramethyl-1,4,7,10-tetraazadecane | 105-78-2 | C10H26N4 |
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N,N'-二甲基-1,4-丁二胺 | N,N'-dimethyl-1,4-butanediamine | 16011-97-5 | C6H16N2 |
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N,N'-二甲基-1,3-丙二胺 | 1,3-bis(methylamino)propane | 111-33-1 | C5H14N2 |
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N,N'-二烯丙基-L,3-丙二胺二盐酸盐 | N,N'-Di-2-propenyl-1,3-propanediamine dihydrochloride | 205041-15-2 | C9H20Cl2N2 |
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N,N'-二烯丙基-6-氯-1,3,5-三嗪-2,4-二胺 | 4,6-bis(allylamino)-2-chloro-1,3,5-triazine | 15468-86-7 | C9H12ClN5 |
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N,N'-二水杨醛缩-1,2-苯二胺 | N,N'-bis(salicylidene)-o-phenylenediamine | 3946-91-6 | C20H16N2O2 |
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N,N'-二正辛烷基-3,4,9,10-苝四甲酰二亚胺 | N,N'-di(n-octyl)perylene-3,4:9,10-bis(dicarboximide) | 78151-58-3 | C40H42N2O4 |
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N,N'-二正丁基-1,6-己二胺 | N,N'-dibutyl-1,6-hexanediamine | 4835-11-4 | C14H32N2 |
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N,N'-二次肉桂基-1,6-己二胺 | N,N'-Di-(Cinnamyliden)-hexamethylendiamin | 140-73-8 | C24H28N2 |
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N,N'-二仲丁基-N,N'-二亚硝基-1,4-苯二胺 | N,N′-di-sec-butyl-N,N′-dinitroso-1,4-phenylene diamine | 106476-75-9 | C14H22N4O2 |
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N,N'-二乙基-2-丁烯-1,4-二胺 | N,N'-diethylbut-2-ene-1,4-diamine | 112-21-0 | C8H18N2 |
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N,N'-二乙基-2-丁炔-1,4-二胺 | 2-Butyne-1,4-diamine, N,N'-diethyl- | 112-22-1 | C8H16N2 |
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