有机原料主要包括以石油和天然气为原料的石油化工,粮食发酵制酒精或溶剂业,煤气化后的原料气以及煤干馏回收的煤焦油制成的各种有机化工产品。在我国,早期发展主要依赖于以煤产电石生成乙炔路线、煤气化合成甲醇和甲醛路线、回收煤焦油中的苯、萘、蒽等化合物,以及利用粮食发酵蒸馏制得酒精。
基本有机化工所用的主要直接原料有:氢气、一氧化碳、脂肪烃类(如甲烷、乙烯、乙炔、丙烯及C4以上的脂肪烃)、芳香烃类(如苯、甲苯、二甲苯和乙苯)等。从原油、石油馏分或低碳烷烃的裂解气、炼厂气以及煤气中,可以分离出用于不同目的的脂肪烃原料;通过催化重整的重整汽油、烃类裂解的裂解汽油以及煤干馏的煤焦油中的芳烃原料;适当的石油馏分也可直接用作某些产品的原料;从湿性天然气可分离出甲烷以外的其他低碳烷烃;通过煤气化和天然气、炼厂气或石油馏分的部分氧化,可以制得合成气;由焦炭制得的碳化钙或天然气、石脑油裂解均可获得乙炔。此外,还可以利用农林副产品作为原料。
有机原料的应用范围广泛,主要可分为三个方面:一是用于生产高分子化工产品的原料,即聚合反应单体;二是用于其他有机化学工业,包括精细化工产品的原料;三是用于溶剂、冷冻剂、防冻剂和气体吸附剂等。基本有机化工是发展各种有机化学品的基础,在现代工业结构中占据重要地位。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
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5-羟基-4-甲基异苯并呋喃-1(3H)-酮 | 5-hydroxy-4-methyl-3H-isobenzofuran-1-one | 1194700-73-6 | C9H8O3 |
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5-羟基-3-苯基-2-苯并呋喃酮 | 5-hydroxy-3-phenyl-3H-benzofuran-2-one | 29001-15-8 | C14H10O3 |
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5-羟基-3-甲基-5-(1,2,3,4-四羟基丁基)-1,3-噻唑烷-2-硫酮 | 5-Hydroxy-3-methyl-5-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydroxybutyl)thiazolidine-2-thione | 10225-81-7 | C8H15NO5S2 |
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5-羟基-3',4',6,7-四甲氧基黄酮 | 5-desmethylsinensetin | 21763-80-4 | C19H18O7 |
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5-羟基-2-碘苯甲醛 | 2-iodo-5-hydroxybenzaldehyde | 50765-11-2 | C7H5IO2 |
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5-羟基-2-硝基苯甲醇 | 3-hydroxymethyl-4-nitrophenol | 60463-12-9 | C7H7NO4 |
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5-羟基-2-疏基苯并咪唑 | 5-Hydroxy-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-2-thiol | 92806-98-9 | C7H6N2OS |
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5-羟基-2-甲氧基苯甲醛 | 5-hydroxy-2-methoxybenzaldehyde | 35431-26-6 | C8H8O3 |
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5-羟基-2-甲氧基苯甲酸甲酯 | 5-Hydroxy-2-methoxybenzoesaeure-methylester | 87513-63-1 | C9H10O4 |
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5-羟基-2-甲氧基苯乙酮 | 1-(5-hydroxy-2-methoxyphenyl)ethanone | 31405-60-4 | C9H10O3 |
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5-羟基-2-甲基苯甲酸 | 2-methyl-5-hydroxybenzoic acid | 578-22-3 | C8H8O3 |
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5-羟基-2-甲基-1H-吲哚-3-羧酸甲酯 | methyl 5-hydroxy-2-methyl-1H-indole-3-carboxylate | 28483-35-4 | C11H11NO3 |
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5-羟基-2-戊酮 | 4-oxo-1-pentanol | 1071-73-4 | C5H10O2 |
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5-羟基-2-哌啶 | 5-hydroxypiperidin-2-one | 19365-07-2 | C5H9NO2 |
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5-羟基-2-(3-羟基-4,5-二甲氧苯基)-3,7-二甲氧基-4H-色烯-4-酮 | 3',5-dihydroxy-3,4',5',7-tetramethoxyflavone | 14290-57-4 | C19H18O8 |
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5-羟基-2,4,6-三(异丙基)-1,3,2-二氧杂磷杂环己烷5-氧化物 | 5-hydroxy-5-oxo-2,4,6-triisopropyl-1,3,5-dioxaphosphorinane | 13237-73-5 | C12H25O4P |
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5-羟基-1H-咪唑-4-甲酰胺 | 5-hydroxy-1H-imidazole-4-carboxamide | 56973-26-3 | C4H5N3O2 |
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5-羟基-1H-吲哚-2-羧酸甲酯 | methyl 5-hydroxy-1H-indole-2-carboxylate | 51991-39-0 | C10H9NO3 |
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5-羟基-1-茚酮 | 5-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-1-one | 3470-49-3 | C9H8O2 |
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5-羟基-1,3-二氢苯并呋喃 | 1,3-dihydro-5-hydroxyisobenzofuran | 68747-25-1 | C8H8O2 |
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5-磷酸吡哆醛 | pyridoxal 5'-phosphate monohydrate | 41468-25-1 | C8H10NO6P*H2O |
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5-碘苯并呋喃 | 5-iodobenzofuran | 60770-67-4 | C8H5IO |
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5-碘甲基6alpha,9alpha-二氟-11beta-羟基-16alpha-甲基-3-氧代-17alpha-(丙酰氧基)-雄甾-1,4-二烯-17beta-硫代甲酸酯 | S-iodomethyl-6α,9α-difluoro-11β-hydroxy-16α-methyl-17α-propionyloxy-3-oxo-androsta-1,4-diene-17β-carbothioate | 80474-67-5 | C25H31F2IO5S |
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5-碘水杨醛 | 5-iodosalicyclaldehyde | 1761-62-2 | C7H5IO2 |
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5-碘吲哚醌 | 5-iodoisatin | 20780-76-1 | C8H4INO2 |
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5-碘-吡啶-2-羧酸酰胺 | 5-Iodpicolinamid | 41960-46-7 | C6H5IN2O |
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5-碘-3-硝基吡啶-2-醇 | 5-iodo-3-nitro-pyridin-2-ol | 25391-59-7 | C5H3IN2O3 |
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5-碘-2-硝基苯甲酸 | 5-iodo-2-nitrobenzoic acid | 35674-28-3 | C7H4INO4 |
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5-碘-2-甲氧基苯酚 | 5-iodo-2-methoxyphenol | 160257-85-2 | C7H7IO2 |
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5-碘-2-甲氧基苯胺 | 5-iodo-2-methoxyaniline | 77770-09-3 | C7H8INO |
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5-碘-2-甲氧基苯甲酸 | 5-iodo-2-methoxybenzoic acid | 2786-00-7 | C8H7IO3 |
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5-碘-2-甲氧基苯甲腈 | 5-iodo-2-methoxybenzonitrile | 933672-32-3 | C8H6INO |
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5-碘-2-甲基苯酚 | 3-hydroxy-4-methyliodobenzene | 183803-06-7 | C7H7IO |
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5-碘-2-甲基苯胺 | 5-iodo-o-toluidine | 83863-33-6 | C7H8IN |
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5-碘-2-甲基苯甲酸 | 5-iodo-2-methylbenzoic acid | 54811-38-0 | C8H7IO2 |
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5-碘-2-甲基-苯甲腈 | 5-iodo-2-methylbenzonitrile | 52107-68-3 | C8H6IN |
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5-碘-2-甲基-2H-吲唑 | 5-iodo-2-methyl-2H-indazole | 1150617-94-9 | C8H7IN2 |
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5-碘-2-(三氟甲基)-吡啶-4-醇 | 5-iodo-2-(trifluoromethyl)-pyridin-4-ol | 1027818-89-8 | C6H3F3INO |
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5-碘-2,3,4-三氟苯甲酸 | 2,3,4-trifluoro-5-iodobenzoic acid | 203916-59-0 | C7H2F3IO2 |
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5-碘-1H-吲唑 | 5-iodo-1H-indazole | 55919-82-9 | C7H5IN2 |
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5-碘-1H-吲哚-3-甲酸 | 5-iodo-1H-indole-3-carboxylic acid | 1190847-04-1 | C9H6INO2 |
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5-碘-1-甲基-1H-吲唑 | 5-iodo-1-methyl-1H-indazole | 1072433-59-0 | C8H7IN2 |
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5-碘-1-甲基-1H-吡唑 | 5-iodo-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole | 34091-51-5 | C4H5IN2 |
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5-碘-1-戊醇乙酸酯 | 5-Iodo-1-pentanol acetate | 65921-65-5 | C7H15IO3 |
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5-碘-1,2,3-三甲氧基苯 | 5-iodo-1,2,3-trimethoxybenzene | 25245-29-8 | C9H11IO3 |
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5-硝基香草酸 | 5-nitrovanillic acid | 15785-54-3 | C8H7NO6 |
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5-硝基间苯二甲酸二甲酯 | dimethyl 5-nitroisophthalate | 13290-96-5 | C10H9NO6 |
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5-硝基酞嗪 | 5-nitrophthalazine | 89898-86-2 | C8H5N3O2 |
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5-硝基苯并噻唑 | 5-nitrobenzothiazole | 2942-07-6 | C7H4N2O2S |
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5-硝基糠醛 | 5-nitrofurane-2-carboxaldehyde | 698-63-5 | C5H3NO4 |
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