有机原料主要包括以石油和天然气为原料的石油化工,粮食发酵制酒精或溶剂业,煤气化后的原料气以及煤干馏回收的煤焦油制成的各种有机化工产品。在我国,早期发展主要依赖于以煤产电石生成乙炔路线、煤气化合成甲醇和甲醛路线、回收煤焦油中的苯、萘、蒽等化合物,以及利用粮食发酵蒸馏制得酒精。
基本有机化工所用的主要直接原料有:氢气、一氧化碳、脂肪烃类(如甲烷、乙烯、乙炔、丙烯及C4以上的脂肪烃)、芳香烃类(如苯、甲苯、二甲苯和乙苯)等。从原油、石油馏分或低碳烷烃的裂解气、炼厂气以及煤气中,可以分离出用于不同目的的脂肪烃原料;通过催化重整的重整汽油、烃类裂解的裂解汽油以及煤干馏的煤焦油中的芳烃原料;适当的石油馏分也可直接用作某些产品的原料;从湿性天然气可分离出甲烷以外的其他低碳烷烃;通过煤气化和天然气、炼厂气或石油馏分的部分氧化,可以制得合成气;由焦炭制得的碳化钙或天然气、石脑油裂解均可获得乙炔。此外,还可以利用农林副产品作为原料。
有机原料的应用范围广泛,主要可分为三个方面:一是用于生产高分子化工产品的原料,即聚合反应单体;二是用于其他有机化学工业,包括精细化工产品的原料;三是用于溶剂、冷冻剂、防冻剂和气体吸附剂等。基本有机化工是发展各种有机化学品的基础,在现代工业结构中占据重要地位。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
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[(1S,2R)-2-氨基环己-1-基]氨基甲酸叔丁酯 | tert-butyl ((1S,2R)-2-aminocyclohexyl)carbamate | 365996-30-1 | C11H22N2O2 |
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[(1S)-1-[(3R,5R,8R,9S,10S,13S,14S,17S)-3-乙酰氧基-10,13-二甲基-2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-十四氢-1H-环戊并[a]菲-17-基]乙基]乙酸酯 | 3α,20α<sub>F</sub>-diacetoxy-5β-pregnane | 1174-69-2 | C25H40O4 |
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[(1R,3S)-3-羟基环戊基]氨基甲酸叔丁酯 | tert-butyl N-[(1R,3S)-3-hydroxycyclopentyl]carbamate | 225641-84-9 | C10H19NO3 |
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[(1H-苯并三唑-1-基)甲基]三苯基氯化鏻 | [(benzotriazol-1-yl)-methyl]triphenyl phosphonium chloride | 111198-09-5 | C25H21N3P*Cl |
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[(1-羟基环丙基)甲基]-氨基甲酸1,1-二甲基乙基酯 | tert-butyl (1-hydroxycyclopropyl)methylcarbamate | 887577-30-2 | C9H17NO3 |
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[(1-硝基-2-萘基)氧基]乙酸 | (1-nitro-[2]naphthyloxy)-acetic acid | 10440-91-2 | C12H9NO5 |
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[(1-甲基吡咯烷-2-基)甲基]胺 | (1-Methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methanamine | 26171-06-2 | C6H14N2 |
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Z-甘氨酰-L-脯氨酰-L-精氨酰对硝基苯胺醋酸盐 | N-Cbz-Gly-Pro-Arg p-nitro-anilide acetate salt | 88793-80-0 | C29H38N8O9 |
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Z-n-me-l-2-氨基己酸 | (2S)-2-(methyl{[(phenylmethyl)oxy]carbonyl}amino)hexanoic acid | 225386-32-3 | C15H21NO4 |
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Z-9-十四碳烯-1-醇乙酸酯 | 9-tetradecyn-1-yl acetate | 61319-25-3 | C16H30O2 |
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Z-11-十四醛 | (Z)-11-tetradecenal | 35237-64-0 | C14H26O |
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TRANS-咖啡酸 | caffeic acid | 501-16-6 | C9H8O4 |
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TRANS-4-(BOC-氨基)-环已烷甲胺盐酸盐 | tert-Butyl (trans-4-(aminomethyl)cyclohexyl)carbamate hydrochloride | 874823-37-7 | C12H25ClN2O2 |
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TPP-噻唑 | (2-(2-(4-methylthiazol-5-yl)ethoxy)-2-oxoethyl) triphenylphosphonium bromide | 1352002-58-4 | Br*C26H25NO2PS |
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TELOTRISTATETIPRATE中间体 | (R)-1-(4-chloro-2-(3-methyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenyl)-2,2,2-trifluoroethanol | 1033805-26-3 | C12H10ClF3N2O |
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Sch 527123; 3-[[3-[(二甲基氨基)羰基]-2-羟基苯基]氨基]-4-[[(R)-1-(5-甲基呋喃-2-基)丙基]氨基]-3-环丁烯-1,2-二酮 | Benzamide, 2-hydroxy-N,N-dimethyl-3-((2-(((1R)-1-(5-methyl-2-furanyl)propyl)amino)-3,4-dioxo-1-cyclobuten-1-yl)amino)- | 473727-83-2 | C23H26N2O5 |
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SEC-丁基三氟硼酸钾 | potassium sec-butyltrifluoroborate | 958449-00-8 | C4H9BF3*K |
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S-硫代二甲胺基酰基四氢噻唑烷酮 | 2-(N,N-Dimethylthiocarbamoylthio)-2-thiazolin | 140652-77-3 | C6H10N2S3 |
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S-甲基异硫脲硫酸盐 | 2-methylisothiourea sulphate | 867-44-7 | C2H6N2S*H2O4S |
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S-环氧丙烷 | (S)-Propylene oxide | 16088-62-3 | C3H6O |
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S-环丙基丙氨酸甲酯盐酸盐 | methyl (S)-2-amino-3-cyclopropylpropanoate hydrochloride | 206438-31-5 | C7H13NO2*ClH |
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S-烯丙基 O-戊基二硫代碳酸酯 | S-allyl O-pentyl dithiocarbonate | 2956-12-9 | C9H16OS2 |
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S-氰甲基硫烷基三硫代碳酸盐 | S-dodecyl-S'-cyanomethyl trithiocarbonate | 796045-97-1 | C15H27NS3 |
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S-托品酸 | (S)-tropic acid | 16202-15-6 | C9H10O3 |
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S-对甲基-苄基-beta-巯基丙酸 | THIQ tert-butyl ester PTSA salt | 79276-06-5 | C7H8O3S*C14H19NO2 |
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S-吡咯烷-3-羧酸盐酸盐 | (S)-pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid hydrochloride | 1124369-40-9 | C5H9NO2*ClH |
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S-叔丁氧羰基-2-(氨基乙基)吡咯烷 | (S)-2-(aminomethyl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester | 119020-01-8 | C10H20N2O2 |
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S-乙酰巯基乙酸 | (Acetylthio)acetic acid | 1190-93-8 | C4H6O3S |
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S-丙基硫代丙酸酯 | S-Propyl propanethioate | 2432-43-1 | C6H12OS |
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S-4,5-二氢-2-(2-((S)-4,5-二氢-4-异丙基噁唑-2-基)丙-2-基)-4-异丙基噁唑 | 2,2-bis[(4S)-4-isopropyloxazolin-2-yl]propane | 131833-92-6 | C15H26N2O2 |
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S-3-羟乙基吗啉 | (S)-2-(morpholin-3-yl)ethanol | 761460-05-3 | C6H13NO2 |
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S-3-氨基奎宁环胺盐酸盐 | (S)-3-Aminoquinuclidine dihydrochloride | 119904-90-4 | C7H16Cl2N2 |
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S-3-BOC-氨甲基吡咯烷 | tert-butyl (S)-(pyrrolidin-2-ylmethyl)carbamate | 141774-70-1 | C10H20N2O2 |
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S-3-(氨基甲基)-1-N-BOC-哌啶盐酸盐 | (S)-tert-Butyl 3-(aminomethyl)piperidine-1-carboxylate hydrochloride | 1217702-57-2 | C11H23ClN2O2 |
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S-3-(BOC-氨基)环戊酮 | tert-butyl (S)-(3-oxocyclopentyl)carbamate | 167298-40-0 | C10H17NO3 |
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S-2-苄基氮杂环丙烷 | (S)-2-benzylaziridine | 73058-30-7 | C9H11N |
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S-2-溴代戊二酸 | 2-bromopentanedioic acid | 51528-22-4 | C5H7BrO4 |
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S-2-溴丁酸 | (S)-2-bromobutanoic acid | 80-58-0 | C4H7BrO2 |
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S-2-boc-氨基甲基-哌啶 | (S)-tert-butyl (piperidin-2-ylmethyl)carbamate | 139004-93-6 | C11H22N2O2 |
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S-2-(4-氟苯基)四氢吡咯 | (S)-2-(4-fluorophenyl)pyrrolidine | 298690-90-1 | C10H12FN |
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S-2-(2-氯苯基)四氢吡咯 | (S)-2-(2-chlorophenyl)pyrrolidine | 1217788-99-2 | C10H12ClN |
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S-(二苯基甲基)-n-[(苄氧基)羰基 ]-l-半胱氨酸 | 3-Benzhydrylsulfanyl-2-benzyloxycarbonylamino-propionic acid | 53957-20-3 | C24H23NO4S |
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S-(N,N-二甲基硫代氨甲酰基)巯基乙酸 | 2-{[(dimethylamino)carbothioyl]sulfanyl}ethanoic acid | 4007-01-6 | C5H9NO2S2 |
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S-(4-甲基苯基)硫代乙酸酯 | S-(4-methylphenyl) ethanethioate | 10436-83-6 | C9H10OS |
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S-(4-氯苯基)酯甲硫酸 | S-(4-chlorophenyl) methanethioate | 27064-05-7 | C7H5ClOS |
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S-(4,5-二氢-5-硫代-1,3,4-噻二唑-2-基)苯硫代羧酸酯 | 5-benzoylmercapto-3<i>H</i>-[1,3,4]thiadiazole-2-thione | 51988-14-8 | C9H6N2OS3 |
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S-(2-羟乙基)2,2-二甲基丙硫酸盐 | S-(2-hydroxyethyl) 2,2-dimethylpropanethioate | 153121-88-1 | C7H14O2S |
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S-(2-氯-2-氧代乙基)硫代乙酸酯 | (acetylthio)acetyl chloride | 10553-78-3 | C4H5ClO2S |
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S-(2-(N-((4-氨基-2-甲基-5-嘧啶)甲基)甲酰胺基)-5-(磷酰氧基)-2-戊烯-3-基)3-苯基-2-硫代丙烯酸酯 | S-(2-(N-((4-Amino-2-methylpyrimidin-5-yl)methyl)formamido)-5-(phosphonooxy)pent-2-en-3-yl) 3-phenylprop-2-enethioate | 751-21-3 | C21H25N4O6PS |
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S-(11-溴十一烷基)硫代乙酸酯 | S-(11-bromoundecyl) ethanethioate | 947150-46-1 | C13H25BrOS |
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