苯酐 | 85-44-9

• 物质功能分类: 有机原料 - 羧酸类化合物及衍生物 - 羧酸酐的卤化、磺化、硝化或硝化衍生物
• 分子结构分类: 有机化合物 - 有机杂环化合物 - 苯并呋喃
• 中文名称: 苯酐
• 中文别名: 酞酐；邻苯二甲酸酐；酞酸酐；1,3-异苯并呋喃二酮
• 英文名称: phthalic anhydride
• 英文别名: isobenzofuran-1,3-dione；o-phthalic anhydride；phthalic acid anhydride；2-benzofuran-1,3-dione
• CAS: 85-44-9
• 化学式: C₈H₄O₃
• mdl: MFCD00005918
• 分子量: 148.118
• InChiKey: LGRFSURHDFAFJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N

物化性质

• 熔点：
  131-134 °C(lit.)
• 沸点：
  284 °C(lit.)
• 密度：
  1,53 g/cm3
• 蒸气密度：
  5.1 (vs air)
• 闪点：
  152 °C
• 溶解度：
  6g/l（缓慢分解）
• 暴露限值：
  NIOSH REL: TWA 6 mg/m3 (1 ppm), IDLH 60 mg/m3; OSHA PEL: TWA 12 mg/m3 (2 ppm); ACGIH TLV: TWA 1 ppm (adopted).
• LogP：
  2.07 at 20℃
• 物理描述：
  Phthalic anhydride appears as a colorless to white lustrous solid in the form of needles with a mild distinctive odor. Moderately toxic by inhalation or ingestion and a skin irritant. Melting point 64°F Flash point 305°F. Forms a corrosive solution when mixed with water. Used in the manufacture of materials such as artificial resins.
• 颜色/状态：
  White, lustrous needles
• 气味：
  Mild
• 蒸汽密度：
  5.1 (NTP, 1992) (Relative to Air)
• 蒸汽压力：
  5.17X10-4 mm Hg at 25 °C
• 自燃温度：
  1058 °F (570 °C)
• 分解：
  Phthalic anhydride hydrolyzes rapidly in the presence of water forming phthalic acid. Half-life for phthalic anhydride was 30.5 seconds at pH 7.24. At pH 6.8 the half-life of phthtalic anhydride in water was prolonged to 61 seconds.
• 粘度：
  1.19 mPa.s at 132 °C; 1.125 mPa.s at 155 °C
• 燃烧热：
  -3259 kJ/mol at 25 °C [
• 汽化热：
  65.3 kJ/mol at 131 °Cl
• 表面张力：
  35.5 dynes/cm = 0.0355 N/m at 155 °C
• 电离电位：
  10.00 eV
• 气味阈值：
  Air: 0.053 ul/l; odor safety class C; C= Less than 50% of distracted persons perceive warning of TLV.
• 保留指数：
  1313;1319;1308;225.33
• 稳定性/保质期：
  1. 易燃。在沸点以下易升华，具有轻微的气味。可燃，蒸气与空气能形成爆炸性混合物，爆炸极限为1.7%-10.4%（体积分数）。有中等毒性。 2. 稳定性 [19]：稳定 3. 禁配物 [20]：强酸、强碱、强氧化剂、强还原剂 4. 应避免接触潮湿空气 [21] 5. 不会发生聚合反应 [22]

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  1.3
• 重原子数：
  11
• 可旋转键数：
  0
• 环数：
  2.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.0
• 拓扑面积：
  43.4
• 氢给体数：
  0
• 氢受体数：
  3

ADMET

代谢

在一项研究中，调查了人类对苯酐的排泄情况，该研究收集了9名主要通过吸入途径职业暴露于苯酐的工人的尿液样本。样本在班前（7:00小时）、班中、班后（15:00小时）以及工作日当晚和次日早晨收集。工人呼吸区域的个人空气样本中测得的空气中苯酐水平从0.03至10.5毫克/立方米（平均值，MMAD未说明）。还收集了22名未职业暴露于苯酐的人的尿液作为对照组。在水的作用下，苯酐转化为苯二甲酸。尿液中的苯二甲酸浓度通过甲醇酯化后的电子捕获气相色谱法测量，并以尿肌酐表示。尿液样本还经历了酸、碱和酶水解，通过β-葡萄糖醛酸酶或芳基硫酸酯酶。在低大气苯酐浓度下（平均±标准差；0.15±0.15毫克/立方米，范围0.03-0.33毫克/立方米，n=5），苯二甲酸的排泄量从班前（7:00小时）浓度增加到班后（15:00小时）浓度，然后下降，直至再次达到班前浓度。班前尿液中苯二甲酸的浓度（0.49±0.15微摩尔/毫摩尔肌酐）与未职业暴露人群的浓度（0.34±0.25微摩尔/毫摩尔肌酐，范围0.02-0.089微摩尔/毫摩尔肌酐，n=22）没有显著差异。暴露于更高浓度的大气苯酐（1.63±0.13毫克/立方米，n=2）导致苯二甲酸的体内负荷在夜间未能完全清除，班前尿液中苯二甲酸的浓度平均是对照组的三倍（1.02±0.25微摩尔/毫摩尔肌酐）。一名暴露于高浓度苯酐（10.2毫克/立方米）的工人的班前尿液中苯二甲酸浓度为4.8微摩尔/毫摩尔肌酐；大约是对照组的14倍。尿液中苯二甲酸的浓度从班前水平增加到班后或晚上尿液样本中的最大值。然后浓度下降，半衰期约为14小时（关于半衰期估计没有更多信息）。没有观察到结合物的形成。因此，职业暴露于大气苯酐的工人吸收了该物质，其中一部分以非结合苯二甲酸的形式通过尿液排出。

The excretion of phthalic anhydride in humans has been investigated in a study where urine samples were collected from nine subjects occupationally exposed to phthalic anhydride, primarily by the inhalation route. Samples were taken pre-shift (7:00 hours) on-shift, post-shift (15:00 hours) and in the evening and the next morning after work day. Airborne phthalic anhydride levels ranged from 0.03 to 10.5 mg/cu m (mean value, MMAD not stated), determined from personal air samples from the worker breathing zone. Urine was also taken from a control group of 22 persons not occupational exposed to phthalic anhydride. Phthalic anhydride is converted to phthalic acid in the presence of water. Phthalic acid concentration in the urine was measured after esterification with methanol by electron capture gas chromatography, and expressed in terms of urinary creatinine. Urine samples were also subjected to acid, alkaline, and enzymatic hydrolysis by beta-glucuronidase or aryl sulphatase. At low atmospheric phthalic anhydride concentrations (mean +/- SD; 0.15 +/- 0.15 mg/cu m, range 0.03 - 0.33 mg/cu m, n=5) the excretion of phthalic acid increased from the pre-shift (7:00 hours) concentration to the post-shift (15:00 hours) concentration and decreased then until the pre-shift concentration was again reached. The pre-shift phthalic acid concentration in the urine (0.49 +/- 0.15 umol/mmol creatinine) were not significantly different from those of occupationally unexposed people (0.34 +/- 0.25 mol/mmol creatinine, range 0.02-0.089 umol/mmol creatinine, n=22). Exposure to higher concentrations of phthalic anhydride in air (1.63 +/- 0.13 mg/cu m, n=2) resulted in a body load of phthalic acid which was not totally cleared overnight, and with pre-shift phthalic acid concentrations in the urine with a mean value three times the mean control value (1.02 +/- 0.25 umol/mmol creatinine). One worker exposed to high concentration of phthalic anhydride (10.2 mg/cu m) had a pre-shift urinary concentration of 4.8 umol of phthalic acid /mmol creatinine; approximately 14 times that of the control group. The concentration of phthalic acid in the urine was found to increase from the pre-shift level to a maximum in the immediate postshift or evening urine sample. The concentration then decreased, with a half-life of approx. 14 hours (no further information on half-life estimation). No evidence was seen of conjugate formation. Thus, workers occupationally exposed to atmospheric phthalic anhydride absorbed the substance with some being excreted in the urine as unconjugated phthalic acid.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 毒性总结

鉴別和使用：邻苯二甲酸酐以多种形式存在，包括无色液体或针状、白色针状和白色片状。它具有一种温和的、特有的刺激性气味。邻苯二甲酸酐是化学工业中重要的中间体。主要后续产品类别包括醇酸树脂、塑化剂、树脂硬化剂、聚酯、颜料、氯化产品、药物中间体、杀虫剂、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯、邻苯二甲酸二甲酯和实验室试剂。它还广泛应用于生产中作为抗烧结剂、橡胶硬化剂以及聚烯烃的光和热稳定剂。含有邻苯二甲酸酐的材料用于家用电器的涂层应用、汽车、医疗设备和家具。 人体暴露和毒性：对于人类来说，邻苯二甲酸酐以蒸气、烟雾或粉尘的形式对粘膜和上呼吸道有强烈的刺激性。暴露于邻苯二甲酸和邻苯二甲酸酐混合物的工人出现了结膜炎、血性鼻涕、鼻粘膜萎缩、声音嘶哑、咳嗽、偶尔带血痰、支气管炎和肺气肿。一些病例还出现了支气管哮喘；皮肤致敏伴偶尔荨麻疹和湿疹反应也有所记录。一名工人在长期暴露后出现了流鼻涕、流泪和喘息的临床症状，表明他对邻苯二甲酸酐过敏。阳性皮肤测试、刺激性支气管挑战以及特异性IgE抗体的高血清滴度证实了他的临床超敏反应。支气管激发研究显示立即气道阻塞。致敏人群可以对邻苯二甲酸酐产生血清学反应，包括免疫球蛋白E（IgE）和免疫球蛋白G（IgG），但IgE比IgG更能区分工人中的哮喘病例和非哮喘病例，因为IgG在暴露工人中的流行率很高。 动物研究：邻苯二甲酸酐在兔子24小时暴露后引起了严重的皮肤刺激。在Draize试验中，邻苯二甲酸酐对兔子的眼睛也有刺激性。邻苯二甲酸在皮肤致敏和气管内挑战的小鼠中显著增加了Th2细胞因子IL-4、IL-5和IL-13的水平，与对照组相比。暴露于并挑战5.0毫克/立方米邻苯二甲酸酐尘的豚鼠出现了显著数量的出血性肺灶；拥有最多病灶的动物对邻苯二甲酸酐的IgG抗体活性很高。给予68毫克/千克体重的邻苯二甲酸酐90天的猫出现了肠胃气胀（鼓胀）和腹泻，以及一些中枢神经系统的兴奋，但没有其他中毒迹象。给予20毫克/千克体重的邻苯二甲酸酐3个月的兔子出现了白细胞增多和醛缩酶活性增加。在大体病理检查中，肝脏细胞出现了中度实质营养不良，伴有轻微的血管周围淋巴浸润。在一些研究中，高剂量的邻苯二甲酸酐暴露可能是致命的。四只小鼠在14天内每天4小时暴露于10毫克/升的邻苯二甲酸酐升华，呼吸略有减少。第二天一只小鼠死亡，另一只小鼠在最后一天测试时被发现死亡。大鼠的口服剂量（从20毫克/千克/天开始）每周加倍；到第九周时达到了0.89克/千克。在最高剂量死亡的大鼠出现了严重的肾病，伴有管状上皮的破坏。存活动物出现了胃溃疡。在为期两年的研究中，给予雄性和雌性小鼠16,346或32,692 ppm（雄性）和12,019或24,038 ppm（雌性）的邻苯二甲酸没有显示出致癌性的证据。邻苯二甲酸酐对小鼠具有显著的致畸性：最常见的缺陷包括分支肋骨、融合椎骨和腭裂。在遗传毒性方面，使用鼠伤寒沙门氏菌TA98、TA100、TA1535和TA1537以及或不加大鼠和仓鼠肝脏S-9代谢活化的Ames试验中，邻苯二甲酸酐呈阴性。在体外极高、细胞毒性的浓度下发现了邻苯二甲酸的遗传毒性效应，且仅在缺乏代谢活化系统的条件下，这种效应在体内条件下不太可能相关，因为在体内邻苯二甲酸酐会迅速水解为非遗传毒性的邻苯二甲酸。将中国仓鼠卵巢细胞暴露于更高剂量（6、8、10 mM）3小时，在存在或不存在S9的情况下；然后将细胞洗涤，进一步培养并在处理开始后20小时收获。邻苯二甲酸酐加入到培养基中时会导致pH下降，并立即用NaOH中和。仅在主要研究中没有S9且仅在最高化合物浓度下观察到效果，该浓度非常有毒（剩余细胞计数29%），并产生了沉淀。在最高剂量下，染色体畸变率增加到18.5%，而对照组为3%。

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Phthalic anhydride presents in many forms including a colorless liquid or needles, white needles, and white flakes. It has a mild, characteristic acrid odor. Phthalic anhydride is an important intermediate in the chemical industry. The major subsequent product groups are alkyd resins, plasticizers, hardener for resins, polyesters, pigments, chlorinated products, pharmaceutical intermediates, insecticides, diethyl phthalate, dimethyl phthalate, and laboratory reagent. It is also widely used in the production of as an anti-scorching agent, a rubber hardener, and as a light- and heat-stabilizer of polyolefins. Phthalic anhydride containing materials are used in coatings applications for home appliances, automobiles, medical devices and furniture. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: For humans, phthalic anhydride in the form of vapor, fume or dust is a primary irritant to mucous membranes and the upper respiratory tract. Workers exposed to mixtures of phthalic acid and phthalic anhydride developed conjunctivitis, bloody nasal discharge, atrophy of the nasal mucosa, hoarseness, cough, occasional bloody sputum, bronchitis, and emphysema. Several cases of bronchial asthma resulted; skin sensitization with occasional urticaria and eczematous response were also documented. Clinical sensitization of phthalic anhydride occurred in a worker who developed symptoms of rhinorrhea, lacrimation, and wheezing after chronic exposure. Positive skin tests, provocative bronchial challenges, and a high serum titer of specific IgE to phthalic anhydride corroborated his clinical hypersensitivity. Bronchial provocation studies showed immediate airway obstruction. Sensitized people can have serological reactivity of phthalic anhydride, both immunoglobulin E (IgE) and immunoglobulin G (IgG), but IgE appears to discriminate cases of asthma from workers without asthma better than IgG, because the prevalence of IgG is high in exposed workers. ANIMAL STUDIES: Phthalic anhydride caused severe skin irritation in rabbits following 24 hr exposure. Phthalic anhydride was also irritating to rabbit eyes in the Draize test. Phthalic acid caused statistically significant increases in Th2 cytokines, IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13 in dermally sensitized and intratracheally challenged mice, compared with the control. Guinea pigs exposed to and challenged with 5.0 mg/cu m phthalic anhydride dust had significant numbers of hemorrhagic lung foci; and animals with the greatest number of foci had high IgG antibody activity to phthalic anhydride. Cats given 68 mg phthalic anhydride/kg body weight for 90 days developed meteorism (tympanites) and diarrhea, and some excitation of the NS without other signs of intoxication. Rabbits given 20 mg/kg body weight for 3 months developed leukocytosis and increased aldolase activity. On gross pathology examination there was moderate parenchymatous dystrophy of the liver cells with slight perivascular lymphoid infiltration. In some studies, exposure to high doses of phthalic anhydride can be fatal. Four mice exposed to sublimation of phthalic anhydride 10 mg/L, 4 hr/day for 14 days exhibited slightly reduced breathing. One mouse died after the second day while a second one was found dead after the last day on test. Oral doses in rats (starting at 20 mg/kg/day) were doubled weekly; 0.89 g/kg was reached by ninth wk. Rats that died at high dosage had severe nephrosis, with destruction of tubular epithelium. Surviving animals had gastric ulceration. Phthalic acid did not show evidence of carcinogenicity in male and female mice fed 16,346 or 32,692 ppm (males) and 12,019 or 24,038 ppm (females) for 2 years. Phthalic anhydride was significantly teratogenic to mice: Branched ribs, fused vertebrae and cleft palate were the most common defects. In regards to genotoxicity, phthalic anhydride was negative in Ames test using Salmonella typhimurium TA98, TA100, TA1535, and TA1537 with or without rat and hamster liver S-9 metabolic activation. There was a genotoxic effect found with phthalic anhydride in vitro at extremely high, cytotoxic concentrations, and only in the absence of a metabolic activation system which is not expected to be relevant under in vivo conditions, where phthalic anhydride is rapidly hydrolyzed to the non-genotoxic phthalic acid. Chinese hamster ovary cells were exposed to higher doses (6, 8, 10 mM) for 3 hours in the presence or absence of S9; cells were then washed, further incubated and harvested at 20 hours from the beginning of the treatment. Phthalic anhydride caused a decrease in pH when added to culture medium and was immediately neutralized with NaOH. Effects were observed in the main study only without S9 and only at the highest compound concentration which was very toxic (remaining cell counts 29 %) and gave precipitate. Chromosome aberration rate increased to 18.5 % at the highest dose compared with a control of 3%.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 致癌性证据

A4；不可归类为人类致癌物。

A4; Not classifiable as a human carcinogen.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 暴露途径

该物质可以通过吸入其气溶胶和通过吞食被吸收进人体。

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its aerosol and by ingestion.

来源:ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)

毒理性

• 暴露途径

吸入，吞食，皮肤和/或眼睛接触

inhalation, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

来源:The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)

毒理性

• 症状

眼睛、皮肤、上呼吸道刺激；结膜炎；鼻溃疡出血；支气管炎、支气管哮喘；皮炎；在动物中：肝脏、肾脏损害

irritation eyes, skin, upper respiratory system; conjunctivitis; nasal ulcer bleeding; bronchitis, bronchial asthma; dermatitis; In Animals: liver, kidney damage

来源:The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)

吸收、分配和排泄

在妊娠的第11、12和13天，给CD-1小鼠母鼠静脉注射80毫克/千克（14）C-邻苯二甲酸酐后，在所有胎儿的组织中发现了共价结合的放射性。

Covalently bound radioactivity was found in all tissues of fetuses of CD-1 mouse dams injected ip with 80 mg/kg (14)C-phthalic anhydride on days 11, 12 and 13 of gestation.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

吸收、分配和排泄

在母兔胚胎发育期间给予[(14)-C]-或[(3)H]-邻苯二甲酸酐，结果在检查的所有组织中都发现了结合的放射性活性。

Administration of [(14)-C]- or [(3)H]-phthalic anhydride to pregnant rabbits during embryogenesis /resulted in/ bound radioactivity ... found in all tissues examined.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

吸收、分配和排泄

在接受经腹膜途径给予的[(14)C]-邻苯二甲酸酐的小鼠胎儿中发现了结合的放射性，这表明邻苯二甲酸酐或其底物的代谢物可能能够穿过胎盘。

Bound radioactivity was found in the fetuses of mice receiving [(14)C]- phthalic anhydride by the intraperitoneal route, indicating the phthalic anhydride or a metabolite of the substrate may can cross the placenta.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

吸收、分配和排泄

在一项研究中，调查了人类对苯酐的排泄情况，该研究收集了9名主要通过吸入途径职业暴露于苯酐的工人的尿液样本。样本在班前（7:00小时）、班中、班后（15:00小时）以及工作日当晚和次日早晨收集。工人呼吸区域的个人空气样本中测得的空气中苯酐水平范围为0.03至10.5毫克/立方米（平均值，MMAD未说明）。还收集了22名未职业暴露于苯酐的人的尿液作为对照组。在水的作用下，苯酐转化为苯二甲酸。尿液中的苯二甲酸浓度通过甲醇酯化后的电子捕获气相色谱法测量，并以尿肌酐表示。尿液样本还经历了酸、碱和酶水解，通过β-葡萄糖醛酸酶或芳基硫酸酯酶。在低大气苯酐浓度下（平均±标准差；0.15±0.15毫克/立方米，范围0.03-0.33毫克/立方米，n=5），苯二甲酸的排泄量从班前（7:00小时）浓度增加到班后（15:00小时）浓度，然后下降，直到再次达到班前浓度。班前尿液中苯二甲酸的浓度（0.49±0.15微摩尔/毫摩尔肌酐）与未职业暴露人群的浓度（0.34±0.25微摩尔/毫摩尔肌酐，范围0.02-0.089微摩尔/毫摩尔肌酐，n=22）没有显著差异。暴露于较高浓度的大气苯酐（1.63±0.13毫克/立方米，n=2）导致体内苯二甲酸的负荷在夜间未能完全清除，班前尿液中苯二甲酸的浓度平均是对照组的三倍（1.02±0.25微摩尔/毫摩尔肌酐）。一名暴露于高浓度苯酐（10.2毫克/立方米）的工人的班前尿液中苯二甲酸的浓度为4.8微摩尔/毫摩尔肌酐；大约是对照组的14倍。尿液中苯二甲酸的浓度从班前水平增加到班后或晚上尿液样本中的最大值。然后浓度下降，半衰期约为14小时（关于半衰期估计没有更多信息）。没有观察到结合物的形成。因此，职业暴露于大气苯酐的工人吸收了该物质，其中一部分以非结合苯二甲酸的形式通过尿液排出。

The excretion of phthalic anhydride in humans has been investigated in a study where urine samples were collected from nine subjects occupationally exposed to phthalic anhydride, primarily by the inhalation route. Samples were taken pre-shift (7:00 hours) on-shift, post-shift (15:00 hours) and in the evening and the next morning after work day. Airborne phthalic anhydride levels ranged from 0.03 to 10.5 mg/cu m (mean value, MMAD not stated), determined from personal air samples from the worker breathing zone. Urine was also taken from a control group of 22 persons not occupational exposed to phthalic anhydride. Phthalic anhydride is converted to phthalic acid in the presence of water. Phthalic acid concentration in the urine was measured after esterification with methanol by electron capture gas chromatography, and expressed in terms of urinary creatinine. Urine samples were also subjected to acid, alkaline, and enzymatic hydrolysis by beta-glucuronidase or aryl sulphatase. At low atmospheric phthalic anhydride concentrations (mean +/- SD; 0.15 +/- 0.15 mg/cu m, range 0.03 - 0.33 mg/cu m, n=5) the excretion of phthalic acid increased from the pre-shift (7:00 hours) concentration to the post-shift (15:00 hours) concentration and decreased then until the pre-shift concentration was again reached. The pre-shift phthalic acid concentration in the urine (0.49 +/- 0.15 umol/mmol creatinine) were not significantly different from those of occupationally unexposed people (0.34 +/- 0.25 mol/mmol creatinine, range 0.02-0.089 umol/mmol creatinine, n=22). Exposure to higher concentrations of phthalic anhydride in air (1.63 +/- 0.13 mg/cu m, n=2) resulted in a body load of phthalic acid which was not totally cleared overnight, and with pre-shift phthalic acid concentrations in the urine with a mean value three times the mean control value (1.02 +/- 0.25 umol/mmol creatinine). One worker exposed to high concentration of phthalic anhydride (10.2 mg/cu m) had a pre-shift urinary concentration of 4.8 umol of phthalic acid /mmol creatinine; approximately 14 times that of the control group. The concentration of phthalic acid in the urine was found to increase from the pre-shift level to a maximum in the immediate postshift or evening urine sample. The concentration then decreased, with a half-life of approx. 14 hours (no further information on half-life estimation). No evidence was seen of conjugate formation. Thus, workers occupationally exposed to atmospheric phthalic anhydride absorbed the substance with some being excreted in the urine as unconjugated phthalic acid.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

安全信息

• 职业暴露等级：
  B
• 职业暴露限值：
  TWA: 6 mg/m3 (1 ppm)
• TSCA：
  Yes
• 危险等级：
  8
• 立即威胁生命和健康浓度：
  60 mg/m3
• 危险品标志：
  Xn
• 安全说明：
  S22,S23,S24/25,S26,S37/39,S46
• 危险类别码：
  R22,R42/43,R41,R37/38
• WGK Germany：
  1
• 海关编码：
  2917350000
• 危险品运输编号：
  2214
• 危险类别：
  8
• RTECS号：
  TI3150000
• 包装等级：
  III
• 储存条件：
  储存注意事项： - 储存在阴凉、干燥且通风良好的库房中。 - 远离火源和热源。 - 包装必须密封，避免受潮。 - 与氧化剂、还原剂、酸类及碱类分开存放，切忌混储。 - 配备相应种类和数量的消防器材。 - 储存区域应备有合适的材料以处理泄漏。

SDS

国标编号:	81631
ＣＡＳ:	85-44-9
中文名称:	邻苯二甲酸酐
英文名称:	o-Phthalic anhydride
别 名:	苯酐
分子式:	C 8 H 4 O 3 ；C 6 H 4 (CO) 2 O
分子量:	148.11
熔 点:	131.2℃ 沸点：295℃
密 度:	相对密度(水=1)1.53；
蒸汽压:	151.7℃（蒸汽压 0.13kPa/96.5℃ ）
溶解性:	不溶于冷水，溶于热水、乙醇、乙醚、苯等多数有机溶剂
稳定性:	稳定
外观与性状:	白色针状结晶
危险标记:	20(腐蚀品)
用 途:	用于制造增塑剂、苯二甲酸二丁酯、树酯和染料等

2.对环境的影响:
一、健康危害
侵入途径：吸入、食入。
健康危害：本品对眼、鼻、喉和皮肤有刺激作用，这种刺激作用，可因其在湿润的组织表面水解为邻苯二甲酸酐而加重。可造成皮肤灼伤。吸入本品粉尘或蒸气，引起咳嗽、喷嚏和鼻衄。对有哮喘史者，可诱发哮喘。
慢性影响：长期反复接触可引起皮疹和慢性眼刺激。反复接触对皮肤有致敏作用。可引起慢性支气管炎和哮喘。
二、毒理学资料及环境行为
毒性：属低毒类。
急性毒性： LD ₅₀ 4020mg/kg(大鼠经口)。
刺激性：家兔经眼：119mg，重度刺激。家兔经皮：595mg(24小时)，重度刺激。
危险特性：遇高热、明火或与氧化剂接触，有引起燃烧的危险。
燃烧(分解)产物：一氧化碳、二氧化碳。

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3.现场应急监测方法:

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4.实验室监测方法:
紫外分光光度法《空气中有害物质的测定方法》(第二版)杭士平主编

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5.环境标准:

前苏联	车间空气中有害物质的最高容许浓度	1mg/m 3
前苏联(1975)	居民区大气中有害物质的最高容许浓度	0.1mg/m 3 (一次值；日均值)
前苏联(1975)	水体中有害物质的最大允许浓度	0.5mg/L
	空气中嗅觉阈浓度	0.05ppm

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6.应急处理处置方法:
一、泄漏应急处理
隔离泄漏污染区，周围设警告标志，切断火源。建议应急处理人员戴好防毒面具，穿化学防护服。不要直接接触泄漏物，避免扬尘，小心扫起，置于袋中转移至安全场所。如大量泄漏，收集回收或无害处理后废弃。
废弃物处置方法：建议用焚烧法处置。
二、防护措施
呼吸系统防护：空气中浓度超标时，应该佩带防毒口罩。
眼睛防护：戴安全防护眼镜。
防护服：穿工作服(防腐材料制作)。
手防护：戴橡皮手套。
其它：工作后，淋浴更衣。注意个人清洁卫生。
三、急救措施
皮肤接触：脱去污染的衣着，立即用水冲洗至少15分钟。
眼睛接触：立即提起眼睑，用流动清水或生理盐水冲洗至少15分钟。
吸入：迅速脱离现场至空气新鲜处。保持呼吸道通畅。必要时进行人工呼吸。就医。
食入：误服者立即漱口，给饮牛奶或蛋清。就医。
灭火方法：雾状水、泡沫、二氧化碳、砂土。

制备方法与用途

根据提供的信息，以下是关于苯酐的主要要点：

制备方法

1. 萘氧化法：

   • 使用沸腾床或固定床。
   • 固定床主要是采用五氧化二钒（V2O5）为催化剂，在列管式固定床进行催化氧化反应。

2. 邻二甲苯氧化法：

   • 包括固定床法和流化床法。
   • 固定床法：使用五氧化二钒（V2O5）为主的钒系催化剂，将过滤后的空气与气化的邻二甲苯混合后进反应器进行催化氧化。

物理化学性质

• 沸点：约163°C
• 熔点：78.04°C
• 毒性：有毒物品，属中毒等级。急性口服LD50值在大鼠为4020毫克/公斤，在小鼠为1500毫克/公斤。
• 刺激性：皮肤接触后表现为轻度刺激；眼睛接触可导致重度刺激。

安全与储存

• 由于其挥发性和易燃性，苯酐必须储存在通风、低温干燥的地方，并且要避免与氧化剂分开存放。
• 灭火方式应采用雾状水或二氧化碳以及砂土。

生产方法细节

1. 空气预处理：过滤后的无尘空气经过压缩和预热。
2. 反应条件：在400～460°C进行催化氧化，进料空速控制为2000～3000小时⁻¹。
3. 产品分离与精制：
   • 反应产物进入蒸气发生器回收粗苯酐。
   • 尾气进一步水洗回收顺丁烯二酸酐后放空。
   • 粗苯酐经过减压粗馏和真空精馏最终获得高纯度的苯酐产品。

这些信息综合提供了有关苯酐从制备、安全储存到分离纯化等各方面的详细内容。

反应信息

• 作为反应物：
  描述：

  苯酐 在 palladium(II) acetylacetonate 、 2-(二环己基膦基)联苯 1,10-菲罗啉 、 copper(II) oxide 、 potassium hydroxide 作用下， 以 N-甲基吡咯烷酮 、 异丙醇 为溶剂， 反应 27.0h， 生成 4-三氟甲基-联苯-2-甲酸
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Process for the preparation of 4`-haloalkylbiphenyl-2-carboxylic acids

  摘要：

  这项发明涉及一种制备可选择取代的4'-卤代烷基联苯-2-羧酸酯的方法，以及一种制备相应的可选择取代的4'-卤代烷基联苯-2-羧酸的方法。

  公开号：

  US20120016152A1
• 作为产物：
  描述：

  2-(羧基羰基)苯甲酸 生成 苯酐
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Zincke; Breuer, Justus Liebigs Annalen der Chemie, 1884, vol. 226, p. 31

  摘要：

  DOI：
• 作为试剂：
  描述：

  三乙胺 在 苯酐 、 urea-hydrogen peroxide 作用下， 以 二氯甲烷 为溶剂， 反应 1.0h， 以84%的产率得到N,N-二乙基乙胺氧化物
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Kaczmarek, Lukasz; Balicki, Roman; Nantka-Namirski, Pawel, Chemische Berichte, 1992, vol. 125, # 8, p. 1965 - 1966

  摘要：

  DOI：

文献信息

• Additives and products including oligoesters
  申请人：——

  公开号：US20030199593A1

  公开（公告）日：2003-10-23

  The present invention relates to oligoesters and their use or the creation of additives. Oligoester containing additives and/or oligoesters themselves may be used for formulating pharmaceutical preparations, cosmetics or personal care products such as shampoos and conditioners. These oligoesters are particularly useful for the creation of multi-purpose additives that can impart conditioning, long substantivity and/or UV protection. Individual oligoesters and oligoester mixtures are described.

  本发明涉及寡酯及其用途或添加剂的制备。含有寡酯的添加剂和/或寡酯本身可用于配制药物制剂、化妆品或个人护理产品，如洗发水和护发素。这些寡酯对于制备能够赋予调理、长效性和/或紫外线保护的多功能添加剂特别有用。描述了单独的寡酯和寡酯混合物。
• A Molecular Chameleon with Fluorescein and Rhodamine Spectroscopic Behaviors
  作者：Ling Li、Chunyan Wang、Jianjian Wu、Yu Chung Tse、Yue-Peng Cai、Keith Man-Chung Wong

  DOI：10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b02147

  日期：2016.1.4

  A new class of fluorescein/rhodamine hybrids with two spirolactone rings was reported to exhibit dual-output fluorescent behaviors independently. Isolation and characterization for two diastereomers, trans-RhOH and cis-RhOH, have been made and their X-ray crystal structures determined. In a basic environment, the spirolactone ring on the hydroxyl side will be opened to give a fluorescein-like optical

  据报道，具有两个螺内酯环的新型荧光素/若丹明杂化体独立显示出双输出荧光行为。分离和鉴定了两个对映异构体，反式- RHOH和顺- RHOH，已经和他们的X射线晶体结构测定。在碱性环境中，羟基侧的螺内酯环将打开，以产生类似于荧光素的光学输出，在485和530 nm发射时具有最低的吸收率。另一方面，通过H +或Hg 2+可以打开类罗丹明类似的光输出，即528 nm的吸收和575 nm的发射。离子，归因于氨基侧螺内酯开环。在具有不同pH值的甲醇缓冲液系统中，相应的羟基和氨基的p K a值分别确定为5.7和2.3。还讨论了选择性的Hg 2+传感特性，确定的log K s值约为3.60和3.73。发现与RhOH孵育的秀丽隐杆线虫的共聚焦显微镜图像显示出具有Hg 2+离子的增强的荧光强度，表明RhOH在体内生物成像中的潜在应用。
• Compositions for Treatment of Cystic Fibrosis and Other Chronic Diseases
  申请人：Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated

  公开号：US20150231142A1

  公开（公告）日：2015-08-20

  The present invention relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising an inhibitor of epithelial sodium channel activity in combination with at least one ABC Transporter modulator compound of Formula A, Formula B, Formula C, or Formula D. The invention also relates to pharmaceutical formulations thereof, and to methods of using such compositions in the treatment of CFTR mediated diseases, particularly cystic fibrosis using the pharmaceutical combination compositions.

  本发明涉及含有上皮钠通道活性抑制剂与至少一种ABC转运蛋白调节剂化合物（A式、B式、C式或D式）的药物组合物。该发明还涉及这些药物配方，以及使用这些组合物治疗CFTR介导的疾病，特别是囊性纤维化的方法。
• Synthesis of 4-Substituted Chlorophthalazines, Dihydrobenzoazepinediones, 2-Pyrazolylbenzoic Acid, and 2-Pyrazolylbenzohydrazide via 3-Substituted 3-Hydroxyisoindolin-1-ones
  作者：Hanh Nho Nguyen、Victor J. Cee、Holly L. Deak、Bingfan Du、Kathleen Panter Faber、Hakan Gunaydin、Brian L. Hodous、Steven L. Hollis、Paul H. Krolikowski、Philip R. Olivieri、Vinod F. Patel、Karina Romero、Laurie B. Schenkel、Stephanie D. Geuns-Meyer

  DOI：10.1021/jo3000628

  日期：2012.4.20

  hydrazine, followed by chlorination with POCl3. We have also discovered two novel transformations of 3-vinyl- and 3-alkynyl-3-hydroxyisoindolinones. Addition of vinyl organometallic reagents to N,N-dimethylaminophthalimide (8a) provided dihydrobenzoazepinediones 15a–15c via the proposed ring expansion of 3-vinyl-3-hydroxyisoindolinone intermediates. 3-Alkynyl-3-hydroxyisoindolinones react with hydrazine and

  在本文中，我们描述了以良好的总收率进行的4-取代的氯邻苯二甲腈的一般三步合成。在关键步骤中，N，N-二甲基氨基邻苯二甲酰亚胺（8a）指导烷基，芳基和杂芳基有机金属试剂的选择性单加成反应，得到3-取代的3-羟基异吲哚满酮9b，9i - 9am。通过与肼反应，然后用POCl 3氯化，许多羟基异吲哚啉酮可转化为氯酞嗪1b - 1v。我们还发现了3-乙烯基和3-炔基-3-羟基异吲哚满酮的两个新颖的转化。将乙烯基有机金属试剂添加到N，N-二甲基氨基邻苯二甲酰亚胺（8a）通过提议的3-乙烯基-3-羟基异吲哚满酮中间体的扩环作用提供了二氢苯并氮杂氮杂二酮15a - 15c。3-炔基-3-羟基异吲哚啉酮与肼和取代的肼反应，生成2-吡唑基苯甲酸16a - 16d和2-吡唑基苯并酰肼17a - 17g，而不是预期的炔基酞菁。
• [EN] AURORA KINASE MODULATORS AND METHOD OF USE<br/>[FR] MODULATEURS D'AURORA KINASE ET PROCÉDÉ D'UTILISATION
  申请人：AMGEN INC

  公开号：WO2009117157A1

  公开（公告）日：2009-09-24

  The present invention relates to chemical compounds having a general formula (I) wherein A1-5 and 7-8, D', L1, L2, R1, R3, R6-8, n and o are defined herein, and synthetic intermediates, which are capable of modulating the activity of Aurora kinase proteins and, thereby, influencing various disease states and conditions related to the activities of Aurora kinases. For example, the compounds are capable of influencing the process of cell cycle and cell proliferation to treat cancer and cancer-related diseases. The invention also includes pharmaceutical compositions, including the compounds, and methods of treating disease states related to the activity of Aurora kinase.

  本发明涉及具有一般式(I)的化合物，其中在此定义了A1-5和7-8，D'，L1，L2，R1，R3，R6-8，n和o，以及合成中间体，这些化合物能够调节枢纽激酶蛋白的活性，从而影响与枢纽激酶活动相关的各种疾病状态和病况。例如，这些化合物能够影响细胞周期和细胞增殖过程，以治疗癌症和与癌症相关的疾病。该发明还包括包括这些化合物的药物组合物，以及治疗与枢纽激酶活性相关的疾病状态的方法。

表征谱图