A Kinetic Study on Nucleophilic Displacement Reactions of Aryl Benzenesulfonates with Potassium Ethoxide: Role of K<sup>+</sup> Ion and Reaction Mechanism Deduced from Analyses of LFERs and Activation Parameters
more reactive than the dissociated EtO–, indicating that K+ ion catalyzes the reaction. The catalytic effect exerted by K+ ion (e.g., the kEtOK/kEtO– ratio) decreases linearly as the substituent X in the benzenesulfonyl moiety changes from an electron-donating group (EDG) to an electron-withdrawing group (EWG), but it is independent of the electronic nature of the substituent Y in the leaving group
Pseudofirst一级速率常数(ķ实测值)已经被分光光度法测量为2,4-二硝基苯基X取代的苯磺酸盐的亲核取代反应4A - ˚F和Y取代的苯基苯磺酸5A - ķ在无水乙醇中与EtOK。的解剖ķ实测值成ķ环氧乙烷-和ķ EtOK(即,二阶速率常数,用于与离解的环氧乙烷的反应中-和离子配对分别EtOK,)示出了离子配对EtOK比离解的环氧乙烷反应性更强–,表示K+离子催化反应。随着苯磺酰基部分中的取代基X从给电子基团(EDG)变为吸电子基团(EWG),K +离子产生的催化作用(例如,k EtOK / k EtO –比)线性降低,但是它与离去基团中取代基Y的电子性质无关。通过线性自由能关系对动力学数据进行分析,得出了通过协调机制进行反应的结论(例如,Brønsted型,Hammett和Yukawa-Tsuno图)。钾+离子通过通过环状过渡态(TS)增加反应中心的亲电子性而不是通过增加离去基团的
Reduction of Sulfonic Acids and Related Organosulfur Compounds with Triphenylphosphine–Iodine System
作者:Shigeru Oae、Hideo Togo
DOI:10.1246/bcsj.56.3802
日期:1983.12
excess iodine, however, these aliphatic sulfur compounds are converted eventually to the corresponding alkyliodides. The relativereactivities of these sulfonyl derivatives in the reaction with the triphenylphosphine–iodine system are the following. Aromatic series: ArSO2Cl, ArSO2SAr′>ArSO2H>ArSO3R>ArSO3−HNBu3+ (or PyH+)>ArSO3H>ArSO2SO2Ar>>ArSO2CH2C(CH3)3, ArSO3Ar′. Aliphatic series: RSO2Cl, RSO2SR′,
[EN] INDAZOLE- AND PYRROLOPYRIDINE-DERIVATIVE AND PHARMACEUTICAL USE THEREOF<br/>[FR] DÉRIVÉ D'INDAZOLE ET PYRROLOPYRIDINE ET UTILISATION PHARMACEUTIQUE DE CELUI-CI
申请人:DAINIPPON SUMITOMO PHARMA CO
公开号:WO2012169649A1
公开(公告)日:2012-12-13
The present invention relates to a novel indazole- or pyrrolopyridine-derivative, represented by the formula (1) below, that has an agonistic action or a partial agonistic action against serotonin-4 receptor, and a pharmaceutical composition comprising the same. Formula (1) [wherein each substituent is as defined in claim 1]
[EN] INHIBITORS OF RAF KINASES<br/>[FR] INHIBITEURS DE KINASES RAF
申请人:KINNATE BIOPHARMA INC
公开号:WO2020198058A1
公开(公告)日:2020-10-01
Provided herein are inhibitors of receptor tyrosine kinase effector, RAF, pharmaceutical compositions comprising said compounds, and methods for using said compounds for the treatment of diseases.
Processes for the Preparation of SGLT-2 Inhibitors, Intermediates Thereof
申请人:Emmennar Pharma Private Limited
公开号:US20180346502A1
公开(公告)日:2018-12-06
The present invention relates to novel, improved processes for the preparation of sodium glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors and novel intermediates thereof. More particularly, the present invention relates to a novel, improved process for the preparation of gliflozin compounds such as empagliflozin and dapagliflozin, intermediates thereof. The product obtained from the processes of present invention may be amorphous or crystalline, or in the form of amorphous/crystalline solid dispersions/solutions with pharmaceutically acceptable polymers and preparation process thereof. Also, the products obtained from the present invention may be used for the preparation of medicaments for the prevention and/or treatment of diseases and conditions associated with SGLT-2 inhibition.