The second-order rate constants k2 for alkaline hydrolysis of phenyl esters of meta-, para- and ortho-substituted benzoic acids, X-C6H4CO2C6H5 (X = H, 3-Cl, 3-NO2, 3-CH3, 4-NO2, 4-Cl, 4-F, 4-CH3, 4-OCH3, 4-NH2, 2-NO2, 2-CN, 2-F, 2-Cl, 2-Br, 2-I, 2-CH3, 2-OCH3, 2-CF3, 2-NH2), and of substituted phenyl esters of benzoic acid, C6H5CO2C6H4-X (X = 2-I, 2-CF3, 2-C(CH3)3, 4-Cl, 4-CH3, 4-OCH3, 4-NH2), have been measured spectrophotometrically in water at 25 °C. The substituent effect in alkaline hydrolysis of phenyl esters of para-substituted benzoic acids, similar to that for ethyl esters of para-substituted benzoic acids, was found to be precisely described by the Hammett relationship (ρ = 1.7 in water). The log k value for alkaline hydrolysis of phenyl and ethyl esters of meta-, para- and ortho-substituted benzoic acids, X-C6H4CO2R, was nicely correlated with log km,p,ortho = log ko + (ρ)m,pσ + (ρI)orthoσI + (ρ°R)orthoσ°R + δorthoEsB where σ, σI, σ°R are the Hammett polar, Taft inductive and Taft resonance (σ°R = σ° - σI) substituent constants, respectively. EsB is the steric scale for ortho substituents calculated on the basis of the log k values for the acid hydrolysis of ortho- substituted phenyl benzoates in water owing to the ortho substituent in the phenyl of phenyl benzoates. In water, the main factors responsible for changes in the ortho substituent effect in alkaline hydrolysis of phenyl and ethyl esters of ortho-substituted benzoic acids, X-C6H4CO2R, were found to be the inductive and steric factors while the role of the resonance term was negligible ((ρ°R)ortho ca. 0.3). In alkaline hydrolysis of substituted benzoates in neat water, the ortho inductive effect appeared to be 1.5 times and steric influence 2.7 times higher than the corresponding influences from the ortho position in the phenyl of phenyl benzoates. The contributions of the steric effects in alkaline hydrolysis of esters of ortho-substituted benzoic acids was found to be approximately the same as in acid hydrolysis of esters of ortho-substituted benzoic and acid esterification of ortho-substituted benzoic acids.
对苯酸酯碱水解的二阶速率常数 k2,对邻、对、间取代苯甲酸的苯酯 X-C6H4CO2C6H5(X = H、3-Cl、3-NO2、3-CH3、4-NO2、4-Cl、4-F、4-CH3、4-OCH3、4-NH2、2-NO2、2-CN、2-F、2-Cl、2-Br、2-I、2-CH3、2-OCH3、2-CF3、2-NH2)以及苯甲酸苯酯的取代苯酯 C6H5CO2C6H4-X(X = 2-I、2-CF3、2-C(CH3)3、4-Cl、4-CH3、4-OCH3、4-NH2)在25°C的水中进行了分光光度测定。对邻取代苯甲酸的苯酯碱水解的取代基效应,类似于对邻取代苯甲酸的乙酯,被发现可以精确地由 Hammett 关系描述(ρ = 1.7 在水中)。对邻、对、间取代苯甲酸的苯酯和乙酯 X-C6H4CO2R 的碱水解的 log k 值与 log km,p,ortho = log ko + (ρ)m,pσ + (ρI)orthoσI + (ρ°R)orthoσ°R + δorthoE sB 相关联,其中σ、σI、σ°R 是 Hammett 极性、Taft 归纳和Taft 共振(σ°R = σ° - σI)取代基常数,E sB 是基于对苯甲酸苯酯的苯基中取代基的酸水解 log k 值计算的对位取代基的立体规模。在水中,对苯酸酯碱水解的对取代基效应的主要因素被发现为归纳和立体因素,而共振项的作用微乎其微((ρ°R)ortho 约为0.3)。在水中,对苯酸酯碱水解的对位取代基的立体影响似乎比对苯甲酸苯酯的苯基中的对位影响高出1.5倍,而归纳影响则高出2.7倍。对苯酸酯碱水解的对位取代基的立体效应的贡献与对苯酸酯碱水解的酸和对位取代基酯化的酸酯化大致相同。