No exposure limits are set. The health hazard
from exposure to this compound should be
low, due to its low vapor pressure and low
toxicity.
介电常数:
17.4(25℃)
LogP:
1.65 at 20℃
物理描述:
Acetophenone appears as a colorless liquid with a sweet pungent taste and odor resembling the odor of oranges. Freezes under cool conditions. Slightly soluble in water and denser than water. Hence sinks in water. Vapor heavier than air. A mild irritant to skin and eyes. Vapors can be narcotic in high concentrations. Used as a flavoring, solvent, and polymerization catalyst.
The reductive cleavage of hydroperoxides by purified p450 in a reconstituted system containing reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate was studied. ... With cumyl hydroperoxide, acetophenone was produced, but not cumyl alcohol, indicating that a rearrangement had taken place, probably involving radical intermediates, with the formation of an additional 1-carbon product.
Early studies identified 1-phenylethanol, benzoic acid, and mandelic acid as urinary metabolites of acetophenone in rabbits and dogs. /It was/ found that rabbits administered acetophenone by gavage excreted 47% of the dose as glucuronide conjugates of 1-phenylethanol and about 20% as hippuric acid. /Another study/... reported that 1-phenylethanol and its glucuronide conjugate constituted only about 4% of the dose for rabbits treated by the ip route. ... m-Hydroxyacetophenone, p-hydroxyacetophenone, and w-hydroxyacetophenone as minor urinary metabolites of acetophenone (<1% of the dose) in rabbits.
...10% of a 100 mg/kg ip dose of radiolabeled acetophenone was excreted as /carbon dioxide/ after 4 hr and that the amount increased to 30% after 13 hr. ... Mendelic acid was present in the urine of rats treated ip with acetophenone and ... this metabolite most likely arose from w-hydroxyacetophenone.
IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Acetophenone is a liquid, forming crystals at low temperature. It is used in perfumery to impart an orange blossom-like odor, as a catalyst for the polymerization of olefins, and in organic syntheses, especially as photosensitizer. HUMAN STUDIES: No skin sensitization was noted when 2% acetophenone in petrolatum was tested on humans. The substance is irritating to the eyes, and may cause effects on the central nervous system. Exposure at high levels could cause unconsciousness. After long-term or repeated exposure the liquid defats the skin. ANIMAL STUDIES: Application of acetophenone to the eyes of rabbits as two drops of saturated aqueous solution caused discomfort. In another study, 0.005 mL of a 15% solution (750 ug) produced severe corneal necrosis in the rabbit eye. Mice survived 0.7 g/kg of acetophenone injected intraperitoneally, but clear-cut hypnotic effects occurred rapidly at dosage levels of 0.4 to 0.5 g/kg. In a combined subchronic and reproduction/developmental screening study, groups of 10 male and 10 female rats received oral gavage administrations of 0, 75, 225 or 750 mg/kg/day acetophenone for 28 days in the toxicity phase of testing. No deaths were seen; signs of overt toxicity included increased salivation at 225 and 750 mg/kg/day. The neurological examination further indicated decreased motor activity and decreased forelimb grip at 750 mg/kg/day in males only. Other signs of overt toxicity included decreased body weight and food consumption with increased cholesterol levels for the high-dose group. In the developmental portion of the study there were no adverse effects on the mating or fertility indices or on gestation lengths. The live birth index was decreased at 750 mg/kg/day. Similarly, pup survival was decreased during lactation and mean pup weights were decreased at 750 mg/kg. There was no indication of a mutagenic activity with and without metabolic activation with the Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98, TA100 and TA1537.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
致癌性证据
癌症分类:D组 不可归入人类致癌性类别
Cancer Classification: Group D Not Classifiable as to Human Carcinogenicity
CLASSIFICATION: D; not classifiable as to human carcinogenicity. BASIS FOR CLASSIFICATION: Based on no human data and no animal data. HUMAN CARCINOGENICITY DATA: None. ANIMAL CARCINOGENICITY DATA: None.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
暴露途径
该物质可以通过吸入被身体吸收。
The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation.
来源:ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)
毒理性
吸入症状
头痛。眩晕。嗜睡。
Headache. Dizziness. Drowsiness.
来源:ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)
Chiral Surfactant-Type Catalyst for Asymmetric Reduction of Aliphatic Ketones in Water
作者:Jiahong Li、Yuanfu Tang、Qiwei Wang、Xuefeng Li、Linfeng Cun、Xiaomei Zhang、Jin Zhu、Liangchun Li、Jingen Deng
DOI:10.1021/ja308357y
日期:2012.11.14
A novel chiral surfactant-type catalyst is developed. Micelles formed in water by association of the catalysts themselves, and this was confirmed by TEM analyses. Asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of aliphaticketones catalyzed by the chiral metallomicellar catalyst gave good to excellent conversions and remarkable stereoselectivities (up to 95% ee). Synergistic effects between the metal-catalyzed
开发了一种新型手性表面活性剂型催化剂。通过催化剂本身的结合在水中形成胶束,这通过 TEM 分析得到证实。由手性金属胶束催化剂催化的脂肪族酮的不对称转移氢化具有良好到优异的转化率和显着的立体选择性(高达 95% ee)。金属催化中心与金属胶束中核心的疏水微环境之间的协同作用导致高对映选择性。
Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation
of Ketimines with Trichlorosilane: Structural Studies
structural and mechanistic studies on the organocatalytic asymmetrictransferhydrogenation of ketimines with trichlorosilane. Amines were obtained in good yields and moderate enantioselectivities. Both experiment and computation were utilized to provide an improved understanding of the mechanism. amines - Lewis bases - organocatalysis - transferhydrogenation - trichlorosilane
Cell adhesion-inhibiting antiinflammatory and immune-suppressive compounds
申请人:Abbott Laboratories
公开号:US20040116518A1
公开(公告)日:2004-06-17
The present invention relates to novel cinnamide compounds that are useful for treating inflammatory and immune diseases and cerebral vasospasm, to pharmaceutical compositions containing these compounds, and to methods of inhibiting inflammation or suppressing immune response in a mammal.
Fe(0)-Mediated Synthesis of Tri- and Tetra-Substituted Olefins from Carbonyls: An Environmentally Friendly Alternative to Cr(II)
作者:J. R. Falck、Romain Bejot、Deb K. Barma、Anish Bandyopadhyay、Suju Joseph、Charles Mioskowski
DOI:10.1021/jo061445u
日期:2006.10.1
carbonyls by activated polyhalides. In many instances, Fe(0) was equivalent or superior to Cr(II). Notably, Fe(0), but not Cr(II), proved compatible with a wide range of functionality, inter alia, unprotected phenol, aryl nitro, carboxylic acid, and alkyl nitrile. A surprising reversal of stereoselectivity for aldehydes versus ketones was observed using both metals. The resultant α-halo-α,β-unsaturated or α
Access towards enantiopure α,α-difluoromethyl alcohols by means of sulfoxides as traceless chiral auxiliaries
作者:Chloé Batisse、Armen Panossian、Gilles Hanquet、Frédéric R. Leroux
DOI:10.1039/c8cc05571h
日期:——
A new methodology has been developed to access highly enantioenriched α,α-difluoromethyl alcohols by means of sulfoxides as traceless and chiral auxiliaries.