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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯丙烷和聚酮 黄酮类化合物

    黄酮类化合物

    黄酮类化合物 定义与结构特征

    黄酮类化合物是一大类天然存在的有机化合物，属于酚类衍生物。它们的分子结构通常包含两个苯环（A和B环）和一个三碳环（C环），形成一个基本骨架。该骨架由多个亚结构组成，包括黄烷醇、黄酮、黄酮醇等。

    生物来源

    黄酮类化合物广泛存在于植物界中，常见于许多蔬菜、水果及中药中。例如，在大豆、柑橘、茶叶和甘草中都可以找到它们的身影。

    化学性质 亲水性与溶解度

    由于其分子结构中含有多个酚羟基，因此具有一定的亲水性和良好的溶解性，这使得黄酮类化合物在药物设计中扮演重要角色。

    稳定性与光敏性

    大多数黄酮类化合物相对稳定，在适宜条件下不易发生降解。但某些类型的黄酮对光照比较敏感，容易被氧化，导致颜色变化。

    生理活性与药用价值

    黄酮类化合物因其丰富的生理活性而备受关注，主要包括：

    • 抗氧化作用：可有效清除体内自由基，保护细胞免受损伤。
    • 抗炎效应：有助于减轻炎症反应，缓解症状。
    • 心血管保护：可能通过多种机制改善心脑血管健康。
    • 抗癌潜力：研究表明某些黄酮类物质具有抑制肿瘤生长的能力。
    应用领域 食品工业

    作为一种天然色素和抗氧化剂，被广泛应用于食品加工中以提高其保质期及营养价值。

    化妆品行业

    利用其良好的生物相容性和抗衰老特性，在化妆品配方中应用广泛。

    药物开发

    由于黄酮类化合物展现出广泛的药理活性，已成为新药研发的重要候选目标之一。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— quercetin 3-O-β-D-(6"-p-methoxybenzoyl)galactopyranoside —— C29H26O14
    quercetin 3-O-β-D-(6"-p-methoxybenzoyl)galactopyranoside
    —— kaempferol 3-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1→3)-β-D-galactopyranoside 1454577-75-3 C27H30O16
    kaempferol 3-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1→3)-β-D-galactopyranoside
    —— 4-ethoxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)chromenium perchlorate —— C17H15O3*ClO4
    4-ethoxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)chromenium perchlorate
    —— dimethyl 3-methyl-4-oxo-2-phenyl-4,8-dihydropyrano[2,3-f]chromene-8,9-dicarboxylate —— C23H18O7
    dimethyl 3-methyl-4-oxo-2-phenyl-4,8-dihydropyrano[2,3-f]chromene-8,9-dicarboxylate
    —— 5,7-dimethoxy-3-(4-(piperazin-1-yl)butoxy)-2-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-4H-chromen-4-one —— C28H36N2O8
    5,7-dimethoxy-3-(4-(piperazin-1-yl)butoxy)-2-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-4H-chromen-4-one
    —— 2,2-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-[2H]-pyran[5,6-c]dibenzothiophene —— C29H22O3S
    2,2-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-[2H]-pyran[5,6-c]dibenzothiophene
    —— 6-carboxy-2,2-diphenyl-[2H]-pyran[5,6-c]dibenzothiophene —— C28H18O3S
    6-carboxy-2,2-diphenyl-[2H]-pyran[5,6-c]dibenzothiophene
    —— 2,2-diphenyl-[2H]-pyran[5,6-a]dibenzothiophene —— C27H18OS
    2,2-diphenyl-[2H]-pyran[5,6-a]dibenzothiophene
    —— 6-formyl-2,2-diphenyl-[2H]-pyran[5,6-c]dibenzothiophene —— C28H18O2S
    6-formyl-2,2-diphenyl-[2H]-pyran[5,6-c]dibenzothiophene
    —— 2,2-diphenyl-[2H]-pyran[6,5-a]dibenzothiophene —— C27H18OS
    2,2-diphenyl-[2H]-pyran[6,5-a]dibenzothiophene
    —— (2R,3R,4R)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-7-hydroxy-4-(2,4,6-trihydroxy-3-(dodecanoyl)phenyl)chromane —— C33H40O7
    (2R,3R,4R)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-7-hydroxy-4-(2,4,6-trihydroxy-3-(dodecanoyl)phenyl)chromane
    —— (+/-)-6-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-12H-6,12-methanodibenzo[d,g][1,2]dioxocin-1,3-diol —— C21H16O6
    (+/-)-6-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-12H-6,12-methanodibenzo[d,g][1,2]dioxocin-1,3-diol
    —— 2-(3′,4′-dihydroxyphenyl)-6-nitrochromane-(4→4′′,2→O-5′′)-phloroglucinol —— C21H15NO8
    2-(3′,4′-dihydroxyphenyl)-6-nitrochromane-(4→4′′,2→O-5′′)-phloroglucinol
    —— (+/-)-5-(1,3-dihydroxy-10-nitro-12H-6,12-methanodibenzo[d,g][1,3]dioxocin-6-yl)benzene-1,2,3-triol —— C21H15NO9
    (+/-)-5-(1,3-dihydroxy-10-nitro-12H-6,12-methanodibenzo[d,g][1,3]dioxocin-6-yl)benzene-1,2,3-triol
    —— 2,3-dihydro-t-3-hydroxy-c-3-(4-nitrophenyl)-r-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one —— C22H17NO6
    2,3-dihydro-t-3-hydroxy-c-3-(4-nitrophenyl)-r-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one
    —— epicatechin-(4β->8)-epicatechin-(4β->8)-epicatechin-(4β->2)-phloroglucinol —— C51H42O21
    epicatechin-(4β->8)-epicatechin-(4β->8)-epicatechin-(4β->2)-phloroglucinol
    —— catechin-(4α->8)-epicatechin-(4β->2)-phloroglucinol —— C36H30O15
    catechin-(4α->8)-epicatechin-(4β->2)-phloroglucinol
    —— epicatechin-(4β->6)-epicatechin-(4β->8)-epicatechin-(4β->2)-phloroglucinol —— C51H42O21
    epicatechin-(4β->6)-epicatechin-(4β->8)-epicatechin-(4β->2)-phloroglucinol
    —— epicatechin-(2β→O→7,4β→8)-[catechin-(6→4β)]-epicatechin —— C45H36O18
    epicatechin-(2β→O→7,4β→8)-[catechin-(6→4β)]-epicatechin
    —— 4β-(S-cysteinyl)epicatechin 3-O-gallate —— C25H23NO12S
    4β-(S-cysteinyl)epicatechin 3-O-gallate
    —— 2-(4-methylphenyl)chromenylium perchlorate —— C16H13O*ClO4
    2-(4-methylphenyl)chromenylium perchlorate
    —— 5-methylcarbonyl-3,3-diphenyl-3H-naphtho[2,1-b]pyrane —— C27H20O2
    5-methylcarbonyl-3,3-diphenyl-3H-naphtho[2,1-b]pyrane
    —— (R)-6,7-benzo-2-phenylchroman-4-one —— C19H14O2
    (R)-6,7-benzo-2-phenylchroman-4-one
    —— 2-(2,4,5-Trimethoxyphenyl)-3,6-dihydroxy chromen-4-one —— C18H16O7
    2-(2,4,5-Trimethoxyphenyl)-3,6-dihydroxy chromen-4-one
    —— cyanidin 3-O-[2-O-(2-O-(trans-feruloyl)-β-xylopyranosyl)-6-O-(4-O-(β-glucopyranosyl)-trans-pcoumaroyl)-β-glucopyranoside]-5-O-[6-O-(malonyl)-β-glucopyranoside] —— C60H65O33
    cyanidin 3-O-[2-O-(2-O-(trans-feruloyl)-β-xylopyranosyl)-6-O-(4-O-(β-glucopyranosyl)-trans-pcoumaroyl)-β-glucopyranoside]-5-O-[6-O-(malonyl)-β-glucopyranoside]
    —— cyanidin 3-O-[2-O-(2-O-(trans-feruloyl)-β-xylopyranosyl)-6-O-(4-O-(6-O-(trans-feruloyl)-β-glucopyranosyl)-trans-p-coumar-oyl)-β-glucopyranoside]-5-O-[6-O-(malonyl)-β-glucopyranoside] —— C70H73O36
    cyanidin 3-O-[2-O-(2-O-(trans-feruloyl)-β-xylopyranosyl)-6-O-(4-O-(6-O-(trans-feruloyl)-β-glucopyranosyl)-trans-p-coumar-oyl)-β-glucopyranoside]-5-O-[6-O-(malonyl)-β-glucopyranoside]
    —— cyanidin 3-O-[2-O-(β-xylopyranosyl)-6-O-(4-O-(6-O-(trans-feruloyl)-β-glucopyranosyl)-trans-p-coumaroyl)-β-glucopyranoside]-5-O-[6-O-(malonyl)-β-glucopyranoside] —— C60H65O33
    cyanidin 3-O-[2-O-(β-xylopyranosyl)-6-O-(4-O-(6-O-(trans-feruloyl)-β-glucopyranosyl)-trans-p-coumaroyl)-β-glucopyranoside]-5-O-[6-O-(malonyl)-β-glucopyranoside]
    —— chrysoeriol 7-O-[β-D-glucuronopyranosyl-(1->2)]-O-β-D-glucuronopyranoside —— C28H28O18
    chrysoeriol 7-O-[β-D-glucuronopyranosyl-(1->2)]-O-β-D-glucuronopyranoside
    —— sedacin D —— C32H30O15
    sedacin D
    —— kaempferol 3-O-β-neohesperidoside-7-O-[2-O-(trans-feruloyl)]-β-D-glucopyranoside —— C43H48O23
    kaempferol 3-O-β-neohesperidoside-7-O-[2-O-(trans-feruloyl)]-β-D-glucopyranoside
    —— 6'''-feruloylsaponarin —— C37H38O17
    6'''-feruloylsaponarin
    —— tradescantin —— C78H81O37
    tradescantin
    —— kaempferol 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-α-L-(4-O-trans-p-coumaroylrhamnopyranosyl)-(1→6)]-β-D-galactopyranoside-7-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside —— C54H66O30
    kaempferol 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-α-L-(4-O-trans-p-coumaroylrhamnopyranosyl)-(1→6)]-β-D-galactopyranoside-7-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside
    —— [(2S,3S)-2,3-epoxy-5,7,4'-trihydroxyflavanone]-(3→8)-kaempferol 3''-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside —— C42H38O21
    [(2S,3S)-2,3-epoxy-5,7,4'-trihydroxyflavanone]-(3→8)-kaempferol 3''-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside
    —— [(2R,3R)-2,3-epoxy-5,7,4'-trihydroxyflavanone]-(3→8)-kaempferol 3''-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside —— C42H38O21
    [(2R,3R)-2,3-epoxy-5,7,4'-trihydroxyflavanone]-(3→8)-kaempferol 3''-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside
    —— kaempferol 3-O-robinobioside —— C27H30O15
    kaempferol 3-O-robinobioside
    —— kaempferol 3-O-glucoside 7-O-rhamnoside —— C27H30O15
    kaempferol 3-O-glucoside 7-O-rhamnoside
    —— 3-O-{2-[(6-O-p-coumaroyl)-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl]-3-[O-β-D-glucopyranosyl]-4-[(6-O-p-coumaroyl)-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl]}-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-kaempferol 7-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside —— C63H72O33
    3-O-{2-[(6-O-p-coumaroyl)-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl]-3-[O-β-D-glucopyranosyl]-4-[(6-O-p-coumaroyl)-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl]}-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-kaempferol 7-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside
    —— 2-[3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoyl]-3,5-dihydroxyphenyl α-L-rhamnopyranoside —— C21H24O10
    2-[3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoyl]-3,5-dihydroxyphenyl α-L-rhamnopyranoside
    —— 5-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-5,7,4'-trihydroxy-8,3'-dimethoxyflavone 7-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→4)-O-β-D-galactopyranoside —— C34H42O20
    5-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-5,7,4'-trihydroxy-8,3'-dimethoxyflavone 7-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→4)-O-β-D-galactopyranoside
    —— forsythoneoside A —— C56H62O31
    forsythoneoside A
    —— genkwanin 4'-O-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1->2)-β-D-glucopyranoside] —— C28H32O14
    genkwanin 4'-O-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1->2)-β-D-glucopyranoside]
    —— 5-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)-3-hydroxy-2-[3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyl]phenyl α-L-rhamnopyranoside —— C27H34O14
    5-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)-3-hydroxy-2-[3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyl]phenyl α-L-rhamnopyranoside
    —— kaempferol 3-O-β-D-(2-O-acetyl)glucopyranosyl-7-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside —— C29H32O16
    kaempferol 3-O-β-D-(2-O-acetyl)glucopyranosyl-7-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside
    —— 8-methoxykaempferol 3-neohesperidoside —— C28H32O16
    8-methoxykaempferol 3-neohesperidoside
    —— kaempferol 3-O-(6''-O-rhamnosyl)galactoside 7-O-rhamnoside —— C33H40O19
    kaempferol 3-O-(6''-O-rhamnosyl)galactoside 7-O-rhamnoside
    —— genkwanin 4'-O-{α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1->2)-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1->6)]-β-D-galactopyranoside} —— C34H42O18
    genkwanin 4'-O-{α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1->2)-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1->6)]-β-D-galactopyranoside}
    —— 5-O-rutinosylnaringenin —— C27H32O14
    5-O-rutinosylnaringenin
    —— 2'',4''-O-diacetylquercitrin —— C25H24O13
    2'',4''-O-diacetylquercitrin
    —— 3,5,7,3',4'-pentahydroxyflavone-3'-O-β-D-xylopyranoside —— C20H18O11
    3,5,7,3',4'-pentahydroxyflavone-3'-O-β-D-xylopyranoside