摩熵化学
数据库官网
小程序
打开微信扫一扫
首页 分子通 化学资讯 化学百科 反应查询 关于我们
请输入关键词
历史搜索
    热门化合物HOT
    • 喹啉
    • 水杨醛
    • 二溴甲烷
    • 谷胱甘肽
    • L-乳酸
    • 苯巴比妥
    • 辣椒碱
    • 非那明
    • 百草枯
    • 联苯烯
    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (4S)-1-[(3S)-1,1-dioxothiolan-3-yl]-4-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-methyl-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one —— C19H23N3O6S
    (4S)-1-[(3S)-1,1-dioxothiolan-3-yl]-4-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-methyl-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one
    —— (4S)-1-cyclooctyl-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-6-methyl-2,4-dihydropyrazolo[3,4-d][1,3]thiazin-3-one —— C21H27N3O3S
    (4S)-1-cyclooctyl-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-6-methyl-2,4-dihydropyrazolo[3,4-d][1,3]thiazin-3-one
    —— (4R)-1-cycloheptyl-4-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-2,4,5,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-3,6-dione —— C20H25N3O4
    (4R)-1-cycloheptyl-4-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-2,4,5,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-3,6-dione
    —— (4S)-1-cycloheptyl-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2,4,5,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-3,6-dione —— C19H23N3O3
    (4S)-1-cycloheptyl-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2,4,5,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-3,6-dione
    —— (4R)-4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-1-propan-2-yl-2,4,5,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-3,6-dione —— C15H17N3O3
    (4R)-4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-1-propan-2-yl-2,4,5,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-3,6-dione
    —— (4R)-1-cyclohexyl-4-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-2,4,5,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-3,6-dione —— C20H25N3O5
    (4R)-1-cyclohexyl-4-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-2,4,5,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-3,6-dione
    —— (4S)-1-cyclohexyl-4-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-2,4,5,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-3,6-dione —— C19H23N3O4
    (4S)-1-cyclohexyl-4-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-2,4,5,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-3,6-dione
    —— (4R)-1-cycloheptyl-4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-2,4,5,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-3,6-dione —— C19H23N3O3
    (4R)-1-cycloheptyl-4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-2,4,5,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-3,6-dione
    —— (4S)-1-cyclohexyl-4-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-2,4,5,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-3,6-dione —— C20H25N3O5
    (4S)-1-cyclohexyl-4-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-2,4,5,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-3,6-dione
    —— (4R)-1-[(3S)-1,1-dioxothiolan-3-yl]-4-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-methyl-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one —— C19H23N3O6S
    (4R)-1-[(3S)-1,1-dioxothiolan-3-yl]-4-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-methyl-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one
    —— (4R)-1-cyclopentyl-4-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one —— C19H23N3O4
    (4R)-1-cyclopentyl-4-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one
    —— (4R)-1-cycloheptyl-4-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-2,4,5,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-3,6-dione —— C21H27N3O5
    (4R)-1-cycloheptyl-4-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-2,4,5,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-3,6-dione
    —— (4S)-4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-1-propan-2-yl-2,4,5,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-3,6-dione —— C15H17N3O3
    (4S)-4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-1-propan-2-yl-2,4,5,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-3,6-dione
    —— (4S)-4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-1-propan-2-yl-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one —— C15H17N3O2
    (4S)-4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-1-propan-2-yl-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one
    —— (4S)-1-cyclopentyl-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one —— C17H19N3O2
    (4S)-1-cyclopentyl-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one
    —— (4R)-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1-propan-2-yl-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one —— C16H19N3O3
    (4R)-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1-propan-2-yl-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one
    —— (4S)-1-cyclopentyl-4-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one —— C19H23N3O4
    (4S)-1-cyclopentyl-4-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one
    —— (4R)-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1-propan-2-yl-2,4,5,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-3,6-dione —— C16H19N3O4
    (4R)-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1-propan-2-yl-2,4,5,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-3,6-dione
    —— (4S)-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1-propan-2-yl-2,4,5,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-3,6-dione —— C16H19N3O4
    (4S)-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1-propan-2-yl-2,4,5,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-3,6-dione
    —— (4S)-1-cyclopentyl-4-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one —— C18H21N3O3
    (4S)-1-cyclopentyl-4-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one
    —— (4S)-1-cyclopentyl-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one —— C18H21N3O3
    (4S)-1-cyclopentyl-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one
    —— (4R)-1-cyclooctyl-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2,4,5,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-3,6-dione —— C20H25N3O3
    (4R)-1-cyclooctyl-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2,4,5,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-3,6-dione
    —— (4S)-1-cyclooctyl-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2,4,5,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-3,6-dione —— C20H25N3O3
    (4S)-1-cyclooctyl-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2,4,5,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-3,6-dione
    —— (4R)-1-cyclooctyl-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-6-methyl-2,4-dihydropyrazolo[3,4-d][1,3]thiazin-3-one —— C21H27N3O3S
    (4R)-1-cyclooctyl-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-6-methyl-2,4-dihydropyrazolo[3,4-d][1,3]thiazin-3-one
    —— (4S)-1-cycloheptyl-4-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-2,4,5,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-3,6-dione —— C21H27N3O5
    (4S)-1-cycloheptyl-4-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-2,4,5,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-3,6-dione
    —— (4R)-1-cycloheptyl-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2,4,5,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-3,6-dione —— C19H23N3O3
    (4R)-1-cycloheptyl-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2,4,5,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-3,6-dione
    —— (4S)-1-cycloheptyl-4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-2,4,5,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-3,6-dione —— C19H23N3O3
    (4S)-1-cycloheptyl-4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-2,4,5,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-3,6-dione
    —— (4R)-1-cyclohexyl-4-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-2,4,5,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-3,6-dione —— C19H23N3O4
    (4R)-1-cyclohexyl-4-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-2,4,5,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-3,6-dione
    —— (4S)-4-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-propan-2-yl-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one —— C17H21N3O4
    (4S)-4-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-propan-2-yl-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one
    —— (4R)-4-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-propan-2-yl-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one —— C17H21N3O4
    (4R)-4-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-propan-2-yl-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one
    —— (4S)-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-propan-2-yl-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one —— C15H17N3O2
    (4S)-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-propan-2-yl-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one
    —— (4S)-1-cycloheptyl-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-6-methyl-2,4-dihydropyrazolo[3,4-d][1,3]thiazin-3-one —— C20H25N3O3S
    (4S)-1-cycloheptyl-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-6-methyl-2,4-dihydropyrazolo[3,4-d][1,3]thiazin-3-one
    —— (4R)-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-propan-2-yl-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one —— C15H17N3O2
    (4R)-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-propan-2-yl-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one
    —— (5R)-5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,5-dihydrothieno[3,2-e][1,4]thiazepin-2-one —— C13H11NO2S2
    (5R)-5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,5-dihydrothieno[3,2-e][1,4]thiazepin-2-one
    —— (4R)-1-cycloheptyl-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-6-methyl-2,4-dihydropyrazolo[3,4-d][1,3]thiazin-3-one —— C20H25N3O3S
    (4R)-1-cycloheptyl-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-6-methyl-2,4-dihydropyrazolo[3,4-d][1,3]thiazin-3-one
    —— (4R)-1-[(3R)-1,1-dioxothiolan-3-yl]-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-methyl-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one —— C17H19N3O4S
    (4R)-1-[(3R)-1,1-dioxothiolan-3-yl]-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-methyl-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one
    —— (4R)-1-[(3S)-1,1-dioxothiolan-3-yl]-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-methyl-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one —— C17H19N3O4S
    (4R)-1-[(3S)-1,1-dioxothiolan-3-yl]-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-methyl-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one
    —— (4S)-1-cyclohexyl-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2,4,5,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-3,6-dione —— C19H23N3O4
    (4S)-1-cyclohexyl-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2,4,5,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-3,6-dione
    —— (4S)-1-[(3R)-1,1-dioxothiolan-3-yl]-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-methyl-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one —— C17H19N3O4S
    (4S)-1-[(3R)-1,1-dioxothiolan-3-yl]-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-methyl-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one
    —— (5S)-5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,5-dihydrothieno[3,2-e][1,4]thiazepin-2-one —— C13H11NO2S2
    (5S)-5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,5-dihydrothieno[3,2-e][1,4]thiazepin-2-one
    —— (4R)-1-cyclohexyl-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2,4,5,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-3,6-dione —— C19H23N3O4
    (4R)-1-cyclohexyl-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2,4,5,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-3,6-dione
    —— (4R)-1-cyclopentyl-4-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-2,4,5,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-3,6-dione —— C19H23N3O5
    (4R)-1-cyclopentyl-4-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-2,4,5,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-3,6-dione
    —— (4R)-1-cyclooctyl-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2,4,5,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-3,6-dione —— C21H27N3O4
    (4R)-1-cyclooctyl-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2,4,5,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-3,6-dione
    —— (4R)-1-cyclopentyl-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-6-methyl-2,4-dihydropyrazolo[3,4-d][1,3]thiazin-3-one —— C18H21N3O3S
    (4R)-1-cyclopentyl-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-6-methyl-2,4-dihydropyrazolo[3,4-d][1,3]thiazin-3-one
    —— (4R)-1-cyclopentyl-4-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-2,4,5,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-3,6-dione —— C18H21N3O4
    (4R)-1-cyclopentyl-4-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-2,4,5,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-3,6-dione
    —— (4S)-1-cyclopentyl-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2,4,5,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-3,6-dione —— C18H21N3O4
    (4S)-1-cyclopentyl-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2,4,5,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-3,6-dione
    —— (4S)-1-cyclooctyl-4-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-2,4,5,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-3,6-dione —— C21H27N3O4
    (4S)-1-cyclooctyl-4-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-2,4,5,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-3,6-dione
    —— (4S)-1-cyclohexyl-4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-2,4,5,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-3,6-dione —— C18H21N3O3
    (4S)-1-cyclohexyl-4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-2,4,5,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-3,6-dione
    —— (4S)-1-cyclopentyl-4-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-2,4,5,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-3,6-dione —— C18H21N3O4
    (4S)-1-cyclopentyl-4-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-2,4,5,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-3,6-dione
    —— (4R)-1-[(3R)-1,1-dioxothiolan-3-yl]-4-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-3-methyl-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one —— C18H21N3O5S
    (4R)-1-[(3R)-1,1-dioxothiolan-3-yl]-4-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-3-methyl-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one