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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 2-[[(6R)-6-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-1,4-oxazepan-4-yl]methyl]-4-methoxyphenol —— C16H26N2O3
    2-[[(6R)-6-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-1,4-oxazepan-4-yl]methyl]-4-methoxyphenol
    —— N-[(3S)-1-[(3-fluorophenyl)methyl]-5-oxopyrrolidin-3-yl]-3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzamide —— C19H19FN2O4
    N-[(3S)-1-[(3-fluorophenyl)methyl]-5-oxopyrrolidin-3-yl]-3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzamide
    —— N-[(3R)-1-[(3-fluorophenyl)methyl]-5-oxopyrrolidin-3-yl]-3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzamide —— C19H19FN2O4
    N-[(3R)-1-[(3-fluorophenyl)methyl]-5-oxopyrrolidin-3-yl]-3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzamide
    —— 2-[[(6S)-1,11-dioxa-4,8-diazaspiro[5.6]dodecan-4-yl]methyl]-5-methoxyphenol —— C16H24N2O4
    2-[[(6S)-1,11-dioxa-4,8-diazaspiro[5.6]dodecan-4-yl]methyl]-5-methoxyphenol
    —— 2-[[(6R)-1,11-dioxa-4,8-diazaspiro[5.6]dodecan-4-yl]methyl]-5-methoxyphenol —— C16H24N2O4
    2-[[(6R)-1,11-dioxa-4,8-diazaspiro[5.6]dodecan-4-yl]methyl]-5-methoxyphenol
    —— 2-methoxy-4-[(12S)-13,14,16,18-tetrazatetracyclo[9.7.0.02,7.013,17]octadeca-1(11),2,4,6,14,16-hexaen-12-yl]phenol —— C21H20N4O2
    2-methoxy-4-[(12S)-13,14,16,18-tetrazatetracyclo[9.7.0.02,7.013,17]octadeca-1(11),2,4,6,14,16-hexaen-12-yl]phenol
    —— [(3S)-3-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)-5-thiophen-2-yl-3,4-dihydropyrazol-2-yl]-phenylmethanone —— C20H15N3O4S
    [(3S)-3-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)-5-thiophen-2-yl-3,4-dihydropyrazol-2-yl]-phenylmethanone
    —— 2-methoxy-4-[(12R)-13,14,16,18-tetrazatetracyclo[9.7.0.02,7.013,17]octadeca-1(11),2,4,6,14,16-hexaen-12-yl]phenol —— C21H20N4O2
    2-methoxy-4-[(12R)-13,14,16,18-tetrazatetracyclo[9.7.0.02,7.013,17]octadeca-1(11),2,4,6,14,16-hexaen-12-yl]phenol
    —— 2,2,2-trifluoro-1-[(3S)-3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-5-thiophen-2-yl-3,4-dihydropyrazol-2-yl]ethanone —— C15H11F3N2O2S
    2,2,2-trifluoro-1-[(3S)-3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-5-thiophen-2-yl-3,4-dihydropyrazol-2-yl]ethanone
    —— N-(4-chloro-2-fluorophenyl)-2-[4-(2-methoxyethyl)phenoxy]acetamide —— C17H17ClFNO3
    N-(4-chloro-2-fluorophenyl)-2-[4-(2-methoxyethyl)phenoxy]acetamide
    —— 3-(2-Hydroxyphenyl)-1-(4-thiophen-2-ylsulfonylpiperazin-1-yl)propan-1-one —— C17H20N2O4S2
    3-(2-Hydroxyphenyl)-1-(4-thiophen-2-ylsulfonylpiperazin-1-yl)propan-1-one
    —— 3-[(Z)-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-6-methyl-5-phenylthieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-one —— C21H17N3O3S
    3-[(Z)-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-6-methyl-5-phenylthieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-one
    —— (5S)-7-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzoyl)-3-methyl-1-oxa-3,7-diazaspiro[4.4]nonan-2-one —— C15H18N2O5
    (5S)-7-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzoyl)-3-methyl-1-oxa-3,7-diazaspiro[4.4]nonan-2-one
    —— 3-[(2Z)-2-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]hydrazinyl]benzoic acid —— C15H14N2O4
    3-[(2Z)-2-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]hydrazinyl]benzoic acid
    —— (4R)-4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-1,3-dimethyl-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one —— C14H15N3O2
    (4R)-4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-1,3-dimethyl-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one
    —— (4S)-4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-1,3-dimethyl-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one —— C14H15N3O2
    (4S)-4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-1,3-dimethyl-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one
    —— (4R)-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,3-dimethyl-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one —— C14H15N3O2
    (4R)-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,3-dimethyl-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one
    —— 5-[(Z)-[(2-chlorophenyl)hydrazinylidene]methyl]-2-methoxyphenol —— C14H13ClN2O2
    5-[(Z)-[(2-chlorophenyl)hydrazinylidene]methyl]-2-methoxyphenol
    —— 2-methoxy-4-[(7R)-5-phenyl-2-(trifluoromethyl)-4,7-dihydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7-yl]phenol —— C19H15F3N4O2
    2-methoxy-4-[(7R)-5-phenyl-2-(trifluoromethyl)-4,7-dihydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7-yl]phenol
    —— (4S)-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,3-dimethyl-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one —— C15H17N3O3
    (4S)-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,3-dimethyl-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one
    —— 2-methoxy-4-[(7S)-5-phenyl-2-(trifluoromethyl)-4,7-dihydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7-yl]phenol —— C19H15F3N4O2
    2-methoxy-4-[(7S)-5-phenyl-2-(trifluoromethyl)-4,7-dihydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7-yl]phenol
    —— (4S)-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,3-dimethyl-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one —— C14H15N3O2
    (4S)-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,3-dimethyl-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one
    —— (4R)-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,3-dimethyl-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one —— C15H17N3O3
    (4R)-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,3-dimethyl-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one
    —— (5Z)-2-(4-chloro-N-methylanilino)-5-[(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazol-4-one —— C19H17ClN2O4S
    (5Z)-2-(4-chloro-N-methylanilino)-5-[(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazol-4-one
    —— (5Z)-5-[(5-chloro-2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-(4-chloro-N-methylanilino)-1,3-thiazol-4-one —— C18H14Cl2N2O3S
    (5Z)-5-[(5-chloro-2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-(4-chloro-N-methylanilino)-1,3-thiazol-4-one
    —— (Z)-2-(benzylamino)-5-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzylidene)thiazol-4(5H)-one —— C18H16N2O3S
    (Z)-2-(benzylamino)-5-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzylidene)thiazol-4(5H)-one
    —— 1-cyclopropyl-1-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-3-[(1R)-1-[4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)phenyl]ethyl]urea —— C22H25F3N2O4
    1-cyclopropyl-1-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-3-[(1R)-1-[4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)phenyl]ethyl]urea
    —— 1-cyclopropyl-1-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-3-[(1S)-1-[4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)phenyl]ethyl]urea —— C22H25F3N2O4
    1-cyclopropyl-1-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-3-[(1S)-1-[4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)phenyl]ethyl]urea
    —— 1-cyclopropyl-1-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-3-[(2S)-2-pyrrolidin-1-yl-2-thiophen-2-ylethyl]urea —— C22H29N3O3S
    1-cyclopropyl-1-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-3-[(2S)-2-pyrrolidin-1-yl-2-thiophen-2-ylethyl]urea
    —— 1-cyclopropyl-1-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-3-[(1R)-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethyl]urea —— C21H23F3N2O3
    1-cyclopropyl-1-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-3-[(1R)-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethyl]urea
    —— 1-cyclopropyl-1-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-3-[(1S)-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethyl]urea —— C21H23F3N2O3
    1-cyclopropyl-1-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-3-[(1S)-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethyl]urea
    —— 1-cyclopropyl-1-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-3-[(2R)-2-pyrrolidin-1-yl-2-thiophen-2-ylethyl]urea —— C22H29N3O3S
    1-cyclopropyl-1-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-3-[(2R)-2-pyrrolidin-1-yl-2-thiophen-2-ylethyl]urea
    —— 2-[4-(2-methoxyethyl)phenoxy]-N-(2-methylphenyl)acetamide —— C18H21NO3
    2-[4-(2-methoxyethyl)phenoxy]-N-(2-methylphenyl)acetamide
    —— diethyl (2S,4S)-2,4-dicyano-3-(3,5-dibromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)pentanedioate —— C17H16Br2N2O5
    diethyl (2S,4S)-2,4-dicyano-3-(3,5-dibromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)pentanedioate
    —— 6-ethyl-3-[(Z)-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-one —— C16H15N3O3S
    6-ethyl-3-[(Z)-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-one
    —— 4-[2-[(2S)-4-benzylmorpholin-2-yl]-1,3-thiazol-4-yl]benzene-1,2-diol —— C20H20N2O3S
    4-[2-[(2S)-4-benzylmorpholin-2-yl]-1,3-thiazol-4-yl]benzene-1,2-diol
    —— 4-[2-[(2R)-4-benzylmorpholin-2-yl]-1,3-thiazol-4-yl]benzene-1,2-diol —— C20H20N2O3S
    4-[2-[(2R)-4-benzylmorpholin-2-yl]-1,3-thiazol-4-yl]benzene-1,2-diol
    —— 2,4-dibromo-6-[(5R)-3-(2-methylphenyl)-2,5-dihydro-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl]phenol —— C15H12Br2N2O2
    2,4-dibromo-6-[(5R)-3-(2-methylphenyl)-2,5-dihydro-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl]phenol
    —— 2,4-dibromo-6-[(5S)-3-(2-methylphenyl)-2,5-dihydro-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl]phenol —— C15H12Br2N2O2
    2,4-dibromo-6-[(5S)-3-(2-methylphenyl)-2,5-dihydro-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl]phenol
    —— 2-methoxyethyl (7R)-7-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-methyl-4,7-dihydrotetrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate —— C15H17N5O4
    2-methoxyethyl (7R)-7-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-methyl-4,7-dihydrotetrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate
    —— 2-methoxyethyl (7S)-7-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-methyl-4,7-dihydrotetrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate —— C15H17N5O4
    2-methoxyethyl (7S)-7-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-methyl-4,7-dihydrotetrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate
    —— (4R)-2-hexyl-4-[[(4R)-1-hexyl-3-methyl-5-oxo-4H-pyrazol-4-yl]-(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-5-methyl-4H-pyrazol-3-one —— C27H40N4O3
    (4R)-2-hexyl-4-[[(4R)-1-hexyl-3-methyl-5-oxo-4H-pyrazol-4-yl]-(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-5-methyl-4H-pyrazol-3-one
    —— (4S)-2-hexyl-4-[[(4R)-1-hexyl-3-methyl-5-oxo-4H-pyrazol-4-yl]-(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-5-methyl-4H-pyrazol-3-one —— C27H40N4O3
    (4S)-2-hexyl-4-[[(4R)-1-hexyl-3-methyl-5-oxo-4H-pyrazol-4-yl]-(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-5-methyl-4H-pyrazol-3-one
    —— (4S)-2-hexyl-4-[[(4S)-1-hexyl-3-methyl-5-oxo-4H-pyrazol-4-yl]-(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-5-methyl-4H-pyrazol-3-one —— C27H40N4O3
    (4S)-2-hexyl-4-[[(4S)-1-hexyl-3-methyl-5-oxo-4H-pyrazol-4-yl]-(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-5-methyl-4H-pyrazol-3-one
    —— N-[(2S)-2-cyclopropyl-2-[3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)propanoylamino]ethyl]-3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)propanamide —— C23H28N2O4
    N-[(2S)-2-cyclopropyl-2-[3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)propanoylamino]ethyl]-3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)propanamide
    —— N-[(2R)-2-cyclopropyl-2-[3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)propanoylamino]ethyl]-3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)propanamide —— C23H28N2O4
    N-[(2R)-2-cyclopropyl-2-[3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)propanoylamino]ethyl]-3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)propanamide
    —— 5-[(Z)-[(3,4-dichlorophenyl)hydrazinylidene]methyl]-2-methoxyphenol —— C14H12Cl2N2O2
    5-[(Z)-[(3,4-dichlorophenyl)hydrazinylidene]methyl]-2-methoxyphenol
    —— 2-(4-ethylphenoxy)-N-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)acetamide —— C17H19NO4
    2-(4-ethylphenoxy)-N-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)acetamide
    —— N-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-2-(2-nitrophenyl)acetamide —— C15H14N2O5
    N-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-2-(2-nitrophenyl)acetamide
    —— N-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-2-(3-methylphenoxy)acetamide —— C16H17NO4
    N-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-2-(3-methylphenoxy)acetamide