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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— ethyl (3R)-3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-3-(4-hydroxy-6-methyl-2-oxo-1H-pyridin-3-yl)propanoate —— C18H21NO6
    ethyl (3R)-3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-3-(4-hydroxy-6-methyl-2-oxo-1H-pyridin-3-yl)propanoate
    —— (4R)-1-(furan-2-ylmethyl)-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one —— C17H15N3O3
    (4R)-1-(furan-2-ylmethyl)-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one
    —— (4S)-1-(furan-2-ylmethyl)-4-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one —— C18H17N3O4
    (4S)-1-(furan-2-ylmethyl)-4-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one
    —— 3-[(4R)-1-benzyl-3,6-dimethyl-4H-pyrazolo[3,4-d][1,3]thiazin-4-yl]phenol —— C20H19N3OS
    3-[(4R)-1-benzyl-3,6-dimethyl-4H-pyrazolo[3,4-d][1,3]thiazin-4-yl]phenol
    —— (4S)-4-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-(thiophen-2-ylmethyl)-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one —— C19H19N3O4S
    (4S)-4-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-(thiophen-2-ylmethyl)-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one
    —— (4S)-4-(3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-(furan-2-ylmethyl)-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one —— C17H14ClN3O3
    (4S)-4-(3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-(furan-2-ylmethyl)-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one
    —— (4S)-4-(3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-(thiophen-2-ylmethyl)-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one —— C17H14ClN3O2S
    (4S)-4-(3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-(thiophen-2-ylmethyl)-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one
    —— (4S)-4-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-1-(thiophen-2-ylmethyl)-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one —— C18H17N3O3S
    (4S)-4-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-1-(thiophen-2-ylmethyl)-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one
    —— methyl (3R)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-(4-hydroxy-6-methyl-2-oxo-1H-pyridin-3-yl)propanoate —— C16H17NO6
    methyl (3R)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-(4-hydroxy-6-methyl-2-oxo-1H-pyridin-3-yl)propanoate
    —— 5-[(4R)-1-benzyl-3,6-dimethyl-4H-pyrazolo[3,4-d][1,3]thiazin-4-yl]-3-methoxybenzene-1,2-diol —— C21H21N3O3S
    5-[(4R)-1-benzyl-3,6-dimethyl-4H-pyrazolo[3,4-d][1,3]thiazin-4-yl]-3-methoxybenzene-1,2-diol
    —— (4R)-4-(3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-(thiophen-2-ylmethyl)-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one —— C17H14ClN3O2S
    (4R)-4-(3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-(thiophen-2-ylmethyl)-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one
    —— (4S)-1-(furan-2-ylmethyl)-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one —— C18H17N3O4
    (4S)-1-(furan-2-ylmethyl)-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one
    —— 4-[(4R)-1-benzyl-3,6-dimethyl-4H-pyrazolo[3,4-d][1,3]thiazin-4-yl]-2-methoxyphenol —— C21H21N3O2S
    4-[(4R)-1-benzyl-3,6-dimethyl-4H-pyrazolo[3,4-d][1,3]thiazin-4-yl]-2-methoxyphenol
    —— methyl (3S)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-(4-hydroxy-6-methyl-2-oxo-1H-pyridin-3-yl)propanoate —— C16H17NO6
    methyl (3S)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-(4-hydroxy-6-methyl-2-oxo-1H-pyridin-3-yl)propanoate
    —— (4S)-1-(furan-2-ylmethyl)-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one —— C17H15N3O3
    (4S)-1-(furan-2-ylmethyl)-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one
    —— ethyl (3S)-3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-3-(4-hydroxy-6-methyl-2-oxo-1H-pyridin-3-yl)propanoate —— C18H21NO6
    ethyl (3S)-3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-3-(4-hydroxy-6-methyl-2-oxo-1H-pyridin-3-yl)propanoate
    —— 5-[(4S)-1-benzyl-3,6-dimethyl-4H-pyrazolo[3,4-d][1,3]thiazin-4-yl]-3-methoxybenzene-1,2-diol —— C21H21N3O3S
    5-[(4S)-1-benzyl-3,6-dimethyl-4H-pyrazolo[3,4-d][1,3]thiazin-4-yl]-3-methoxybenzene-1,2-diol
    —— (4R)-4-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-1-(thiophen-2-ylmethyl)-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one —— C18H17N3O3S
    (4R)-4-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-1-(thiophen-2-ylmethyl)-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one
    —— 4-[(4S)-1-benzyl-3,6-dimethyl-4H-pyrazolo[3,4-d][1,3]thiazin-4-yl]-2-methoxyphenol —— C21H21N3O2S
    4-[(4S)-1-benzyl-3,6-dimethyl-4H-pyrazolo[3,4-d][1,3]thiazin-4-yl]-2-methoxyphenol
    —— 4-[(4R)-1-benzyl-3,6-dimethyl-4H-pyrazolo[3,4-d][1,3]thiazin-4-yl]benzene-1,2-diol —— C20H19N3O2S
    4-[(4R)-1-benzyl-3,6-dimethyl-4H-pyrazolo[3,4-d][1,3]thiazin-4-yl]benzene-1,2-diol
    —— methyl (3S)-3-(3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-(4-hydroxy-6-methyl-2-oxo-1H-pyridin-3-yl)propanoate —— C16H16ClNO5
    methyl (3S)-3-(3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-(4-hydroxy-6-methyl-2-oxo-1H-pyridin-3-yl)propanoate
    —— 4-[(4S)-1-benzyl-3,6-dimethyl-4H-pyrazolo[3,4-d][1,3]thiazin-4-yl]benzene-1,2-diol —— C20H19N3O2S
    4-[(4S)-1-benzyl-3,6-dimethyl-4H-pyrazolo[3,4-d][1,3]thiazin-4-yl]benzene-1,2-diol
    —— (4R)-1-(furan-2-ylmethyl)-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one —— C18H17N3O4
    (4R)-1-(furan-2-ylmethyl)-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one
    —— (4R)-1-(furan-2-ylmethyl)-4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one —— C17H15N3O3
    (4R)-1-(furan-2-ylmethyl)-4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one
    —— (4S)-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-(thiophen-2-ylmethyl)-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one —— C17H15N3O2S
    (4S)-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-(thiophen-2-ylmethyl)-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one
    —— (4S)-1-(furan-2-ylmethyl)-4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one —— C17H15N3O3
    (4S)-1-(furan-2-ylmethyl)-4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one
    —— (4R)-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-(thiophen-2-ylmethyl)-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one —— C17H15N3O2S
    (4R)-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-(thiophen-2-ylmethyl)-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one
    —— (4S)-4-[4-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethoxy]phenyl]-3-methyl-1-(7H-purin-6-yl)-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one —— C27H25N7O3
    (4S)-4-[4-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethoxy]phenyl]-3-methyl-1-(7H-purin-6-yl)-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one
    —— (4R)-4-[4-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethoxy]phenyl]-3-methyl-1-(7H-purin-6-yl)-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one —— C27H25N7O3
    (4R)-4-[4-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethoxy]phenyl]-3-methyl-1-(7H-purin-6-yl)-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one
    —— (4S)-4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-1-(thiophen-2-ylmethyl)-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one —— C17H15N3O2S
    (4S)-4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-1-(thiophen-2-ylmethyl)-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one
    —— 5-[(4R)-1-benzyl-3,6-dimethyl-4H-pyrazolo[3,4-d][1,3]thiazin-4-yl]-2-methoxyphenol —— C21H21N3O2S
    5-[(4R)-1-benzyl-3,6-dimethyl-4H-pyrazolo[3,4-d][1,3]thiazin-4-yl]-2-methoxyphenol
    —— 5-[(4S)-1-benzyl-3,6-dimethyl-4H-pyrazolo[3,4-d][1,3]thiazin-4-yl]-2-methoxyphenol —— C21H21N3O2S
    5-[(4S)-1-benzyl-3,6-dimethyl-4H-pyrazolo[3,4-d][1,3]thiazin-4-yl]-2-methoxyphenol
    —— (4R)-4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-1-(thiophen-2-ylmethyl)-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one —— C17H15N3O2S
    (4R)-4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-1-(thiophen-2-ylmethyl)-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one
    —— (3E)-3-[(3,4-dihydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-1-methylindol-2-one —— C17H15NO4
    (3E)-3-[(3,4-dihydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-1-methylindol-2-one
    —— [2-[(4-Hydroxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)methylamino]-2-oxoethyl] 4-oxo-4-thiophen-2-ylbutanoate —— C19H21NO5S
    [2-[(4-Hydroxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)methylamino]-2-oxoethyl] 4-oxo-4-thiophen-2-ylbutanoate
    —— N-(3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-2-[4-(2-methoxyethyl)phenoxy]acetamide —— C17H17ClFNO3
    N-(3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-2-[4-(2-methoxyethyl)phenoxy]acetamide
    —— (3E)-3-[(2-bromo-5-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-6-chloro-1H-indol-2-one —— C16H11BrClNO3
    (3E)-3-[(2-bromo-5-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-6-chloro-1H-indol-2-one
    —— 5-methoxy-2-[[[(1R,2S)-2-[(3-methyl-1,2-oxazol-5-yl)methyl]cyclopentyl]amino]methyl]phenol —— C18H24N2O3
    5-methoxy-2-[[[(1R,2S)-2-[(3-methyl-1,2-oxazol-5-yl)methyl]cyclopentyl]amino]methyl]phenol
    —— 2-(4-Methoxyphenyl)ethyl 2-anilino-4-oxofuran-3-carboxylate —— C20H19NO5
    2-(4-Methoxyphenyl)ethyl 2-anilino-4-oxofuran-3-carboxylate
    —— 2-methoxy-6-[[[(1R,2S)-2-[(3-methyl-1,2-oxazol-5-yl)methyl]cyclopentyl]amino]methyl]phenol —— C18H24N2O3
    2-methoxy-6-[[[(1R,2S)-2-[(3-methyl-1,2-oxazol-5-yl)methyl]cyclopentyl]amino]methyl]phenol
    —— 2-methoxy-5-[[[(1R,2S)-2-[(3-methyl-1,2-oxazol-5-yl)methyl]cyclopentyl]amino]methyl]phenol —— C18H24N2O3
    2-methoxy-5-[[[(1R,2S)-2-[(3-methyl-1,2-oxazol-5-yl)methyl]cyclopentyl]amino]methyl]phenol
    —— N-[(Z)-(2-bromo-5-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-2-methylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-3-carboxamide —— C17H15BrN4O3
    N-[(Z)-(2-bromo-5-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-2-methylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-3-carboxamide
    —— 1-[(Z)-(2-bromo-5-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-3-propan-2-ylthiourea —— C12H16BrN3O2S
    1-[(Z)-(2-bromo-5-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-3-propan-2-ylthiourea
    —— 1-[(Z)-(2-bromo-5-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-3-(2-methoxyethyl)thiourea —— C12H16BrN3O3S
    1-[(Z)-(2-bromo-5-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-3-(2-methoxyethyl)thiourea
    —— 1-[(Z)-(2-bromo-5-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-3-(2-morpholin-4-ium-4-ylethyl)thiourea —— C15H22BrN4O3S+
    1-[(Z)-(2-bromo-5-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-3-(2-morpholin-4-ium-4-ylethyl)thiourea
    —— 1-[(Z)-(2-bromo-5-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-3-(2-morpholin-4-ylethyl)thiourea —— C15H21BrN4O3S
    1-[(Z)-(2-bromo-5-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-3-(2-morpholin-4-ylethyl)thiourea
    —— (E)-4-(2-hydroxy-4-nitroanilino)-4-oxobut-2-enoic acid —— C10H8N2O6
    (E)-4-(2-hydroxy-4-nitroanilino)-4-oxobut-2-enoic acid
    —— 5-chloro-4-[(2Z)-2-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]hydrazinyl]-1H-pyridazin-6-one —— C12H11ClN4O3
    5-chloro-4-[(2Z)-2-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]hydrazinyl]-1H-pyridazin-6-one
    —— 2-(4-Methoxyphenyl)ethyl 1-benzyl-3,5-dimethylpyrazole-4-carboxylate —— C22H24N2O3
    2-(4-Methoxyphenyl)ethyl 1-benzyl-3,5-dimethylpyrazole-4-carboxylate
    —— 5-[(Z)-(dibenzylhydrazinylidene)methyl]-2-methoxyphenol —— C22H22N2O2
    5-[(Z)-(dibenzylhydrazinylidene)methyl]-2-methoxyphenol