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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 4-[[[(2R)-2-hydroxypropyl]amino]methyl]-2-nitrophenol —— C10H14N2O4
    4-[[[(2R)-2-hydroxypropyl]amino]methyl]-2-nitrophenol
    —— 4-[[[(1S,2S)-2-methylcyclohexyl]amino]methyl]-2-nitrophenol —— C14H20N2O3
    4-[[[(1S,2S)-2-methylcyclohexyl]amino]methyl]-2-nitrophenol
    —— 4-[[[(1S,2R)-2-methylcyclohexyl]amino]methyl]-2-nitrophenol —— C14H20N2O3
    4-[[[(1S,2R)-2-methylcyclohexyl]amino]methyl]-2-nitrophenol
    —— 4-[[[(2S)-butan-2-yl]amino]methyl]-2-nitrophenol —— C11H16N2O3
    4-[[[(2S)-butan-2-yl]amino]methyl]-2-nitrophenol
    —— 4-[[[(2R)-butan-2-yl]amino]methyl]-2-nitrophenol —— C11H16N2O3
    4-[[[(2R)-butan-2-yl]amino]methyl]-2-nitrophenol
    —— 5-[[[(3S)-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-3-yl]methylamino]methyl]-2-methoxyphenol —— C17H19NO4
    5-[[[(3S)-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-3-yl]methylamino]methyl]-2-methoxyphenol
    —— (2S)-N-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-N-[[(2R)-oxolan-2-yl]methyl]oxolane-2-carboxamide —— C17H23NO4
    (2S)-N-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-N-[[(2R)-oxolan-2-yl]methyl]oxolane-2-carboxamide
    —— (1R,2S)-N-(furan-2-ylmethyl)-N-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-2-methylcyclopropane-1-carboxamide —— C17H19NO3
    (1R,2S)-N-(furan-2-ylmethyl)-N-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-2-methylcyclopropane-1-carboxamide
    —— N-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-N-[[(2R)-oxolan-2-yl]methyl]cyclohexanecarboxamide —— C19H27NO3
    N-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-N-[[(2R)-oxolan-2-yl]methyl]cyclohexanecarboxamide
    —— (2R)-N-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-N-[[(2S)-oxolan-2-yl]methyl]oxolane-2-carboxamide —— C17H23NO4
    (2R)-N-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-N-[[(2S)-oxolan-2-yl]methyl]oxolane-2-carboxamide
    —— 2-cyclohexyl-N-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-N-[[(2S)-oxolan-2-yl]methyl]acetamide —— C20H29NO3
    2-cyclohexyl-N-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-N-[[(2S)-oxolan-2-yl]methyl]acetamide
    —— (1S,2R)-N-(furan-2-ylmethyl)-N-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-2-methylcyclopropane-1-carboxamide —— C17H19NO3
    (1S,2R)-N-(furan-2-ylmethyl)-N-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-2-methylcyclopropane-1-carboxamide
    —— (2R)-N-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-N-[[(2R)-oxolan-2-yl]methyl]oxolane-2-carboxamide —— C17H23NO4
    (2R)-N-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-N-[[(2R)-oxolan-2-yl]methyl]oxolane-2-carboxamide
    —— N-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-N-[[(2S)-oxolan-2-yl]methyl]cyclohexanecarboxamide —— C19H27NO3
    N-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-N-[[(2S)-oxolan-2-yl]methyl]cyclohexanecarboxamide
    —— (1R,2R)-N-(furan-2-ylmethyl)-N-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-2-methylcyclopropane-1-carboxamide —— C17H19NO3
    (1R,2R)-N-(furan-2-ylmethyl)-N-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-2-methylcyclopropane-1-carboxamide
    —— N-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-N-[[(2S)-oxolan-2-yl]methyl]-3-phenylpropanamide —— C21H25NO3
    N-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-N-[[(2S)-oxolan-2-yl]methyl]-3-phenylpropanamide
    —— 1-[(3R)-3-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-[(5-methylfuran-2-yl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propan-1-one —— C21H28N2O4
    1-[(3R)-3-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-[(5-methylfuran-2-yl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propan-1-one
    —— 1-[(3S)-3-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-[(5-methylfuran-2-yl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propan-1-one —— C21H28N2O4
    1-[(3S)-3-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-[(5-methylfuran-2-yl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propan-1-one
    —— (4R)-2-amino-4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-8-oxo-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrochromene-3-carbonitrile —— C16H14N2O3
    (4R)-2-amino-4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-8-oxo-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrochromene-3-carbonitrile
    —— (4S)-2-amino-4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-8-oxo-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrochromene-3-carbonitrile —— C16H14N2O3
    (4S)-2-amino-4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-8-oxo-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrochromene-3-carbonitrile
    —— 3-[(1S)-2-[2-[4-[(dimethylamino)methyl]thiophen-2-yl]imidazol-1-yl]-1-hydroxyethyl]phenol —— C18H21N3O2S
    3-[(1S)-2-[2-[4-[(dimethylamino)methyl]thiophen-2-yl]imidazol-1-yl]-1-hydroxyethyl]phenol
    —— 3-[(1R)-2-[2-[4-[(dimethylamino)methyl]thiophen-2-yl]imidazol-1-yl]-1-hydroxyethyl]phenol —— C18H21N3O2S
    3-[(1R)-2-[2-[4-[(dimethylamino)methyl]thiophen-2-yl]imidazol-1-yl]-1-hydroxyethyl]phenol
    —— 2-methoxy-6-[(4-phenyl-3,6-dihydro-2H-pyridin-1-yl)methyl]-4-prop-2-enylphenol —— C22H25NO2
    2-methoxy-6-[(4-phenyl-3,6-dihydro-2H-pyridin-1-yl)methyl]-4-prop-2-enylphenol
    —— 2-Methoxy-6-[(4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridin-1-ium-1-yl)methyl]-4-prop-2-enylphenol —— C22H26NO2+
    2-Methoxy-6-[(4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridin-1-ium-1-yl)methyl]-4-prop-2-enylphenol
    —— 2-(4-Methoxyphenyl)ethyl 2-thiophen-2-yl-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxylate —— C17H15NO3S2
    2-(4-Methoxyphenyl)ethyl 2-thiophen-2-yl-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxylate
    —— 2-[(4R,6R)-4-chloro-3-methyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-2H-indazol-6-yl]phenol —— C14H15ClN2O
    2-[(4R,6R)-4-chloro-3-methyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-2H-indazol-6-yl]phenol
    —— 2-[(4R,6S)-4-amino-3-methyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-2H-indazol-6-yl]phenol —— C14H17N3O
    2-[(4R,6S)-4-amino-3-methyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-2H-indazol-6-yl]phenol
    —— 2-[(4S,6S)-4-amino-3-methyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-2H-indazol-6-yl]phenol —— C14H17N3O
    2-[(4S,6S)-4-amino-3-methyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-2H-indazol-6-yl]phenol
    —— 2-[(4S,6S)-4-chloro-3-methyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-2H-indazol-6-yl]phenol —— C14H15ClN2O
    2-[(4S,6S)-4-chloro-3-methyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-2H-indazol-6-yl]phenol
    —— 2-[(4S,6R)-4-amino-3-methyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-2H-indazol-6-yl]phenol —— C14H17N3O
    2-[(4S,6R)-4-amino-3-methyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-2H-indazol-6-yl]phenol
    —— 2-[(4S,6R)-4-chloro-3-methyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-2H-indazol-6-yl]phenol —— C14H15ClN2O
    2-[(4S,6R)-4-chloro-3-methyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-2H-indazol-6-yl]phenol
    —— 2-[(4R,6S)-4-chloro-3-methyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-2H-indazol-6-yl]phenol —— C14H15ClN2O
    2-[(4R,6S)-4-chloro-3-methyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-2H-indazol-6-yl]phenol
    —— (4R,6S)-6-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-3-methyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-2H-indazol-4-ol —— C14H16N2O2
    (4R,6S)-6-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-3-methyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-2H-indazol-4-ol
    —— (4S,6R)-6-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-3-methyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-2H-indazol-4-ol —— C14H16N2O2
    (4S,6R)-6-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-3-methyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-2H-indazol-4-ol
    —— (4R,6R)-6-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-3-methyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-2H-indazol-4-ol —— C14H16N2O2
    (4R,6R)-6-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-3-methyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-2H-indazol-4-ol
    —— 4-[[2-[(1S)-1-phenylethyl]imidazol-1-yl]methyl]phenol —— C18H18N2O
    4-[[2-[(1S)-1-phenylethyl]imidazol-1-yl]methyl]phenol
    —— 4-[[2-[(1R)-1-phenylethyl]imidazol-1-yl]methyl]phenol —— C18H18N2O
    4-[[2-[(1R)-1-phenylethyl]imidazol-1-yl]methyl]phenol
    —— 4-[[(3R)-1-[(5-hydroxy-2-methoxyphenyl)methyl]pyrrolidin-3-yl]methyl]benzoic acid —— C20H23NO4
    4-[[(3R)-1-[(5-hydroxy-2-methoxyphenyl)methyl]pyrrolidin-3-yl]methyl]benzoic acid
    —— 4-[[(3S)-1-[(5-hydroxy-2-methoxyphenyl)methyl]pyrrolidin-3-yl]methyl]benzoic acid —— C20H23NO4
    4-[[(3S)-1-[(5-hydroxy-2-methoxyphenyl)methyl]pyrrolidin-3-yl]methyl]benzoic acid
    —— 4-[(4S)-1-benzyl-3,6-dimethyl-4H-pyrazolo[3,4-d][1,3]thiazin-4-yl]phenol —— C20H19N3OS
    4-[(4S)-1-benzyl-3,6-dimethyl-4H-pyrazolo[3,4-d][1,3]thiazin-4-yl]phenol
    —— (4R)-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1-(thiophen-2-ylmethyl)-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one —— C18H17N3O3S
    (4R)-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1-(thiophen-2-ylmethyl)-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one
    —— 4-[(4R)-1-benzyl-6-methyl-4H-pyrazolo[3,4-d][1,3]thiazin-4-yl]phenol —— C19H17N3OS
    4-[(4R)-1-benzyl-6-methyl-4H-pyrazolo[3,4-d][1,3]thiazin-4-yl]phenol
    —— 4-[(4S)-1-benzyl-6-methyl-4H-pyrazolo[3,4-d][1,3]thiazin-4-yl]phenol —— C19H17N3OS
    4-[(4S)-1-benzyl-6-methyl-4H-pyrazolo[3,4-d][1,3]thiazin-4-yl]phenol
    —— (4S)-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1-(thiophen-2-ylmethyl)-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one —— C18H17N3O3S
    (4S)-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1-(thiophen-2-ylmethyl)-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one
    —— 4-[(4R)-1-benzyl-3,6-dimethyl-4H-pyrazolo[3,4-d][1,3]thiazin-4-yl]phenol —— C20H19N3OS
    4-[(4R)-1-benzyl-3,6-dimethyl-4H-pyrazolo[3,4-d][1,3]thiazin-4-yl]phenol
    —— (4R)-1-(furan-2-ylmethyl)-4-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one —— C19H19N3O5
    (4R)-1-(furan-2-ylmethyl)-4-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one
    —— (4R)-1-(furan-2-ylmethyl)-4-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one —— C18H17N3O4
    (4R)-1-(furan-2-ylmethyl)-4-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one
    —— (4R)-4-(3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-(furan-2-ylmethyl)-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one —— C17H14ClN3O3
    (4R)-4-(3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-(furan-2-ylmethyl)-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one
    —— (4S)-1-(furan-2-ylmethyl)-4-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one —— C19H19N3O5
    (4S)-1-(furan-2-ylmethyl)-4-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one
    —— 3-[(4S)-1-benzyl-3,6-dimethyl-4H-pyrazolo[3,4-d][1,3]thiazin-4-yl]phenol —— C20H19N3OS
    3-[(4S)-1-benzyl-3,6-dimethyl-4H-pyrazolo[3,4-d][1,3]thiazin-4-yl]phenol