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酚类

酚类是一大类化合物,它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基(-OH)直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中,并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

结构与分类

酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同,可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类:

  • 单酚:每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
  • 多酚:含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
生物学意义
  1. 天然来源:酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中,如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
  2. 抗氧化作用:许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性,能够清除体内的自由基,保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
  3. 抗菌活性:部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果,可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
工业应用
  1. 农药和杀虫剂:利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
  2. 染料工业:许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
  3. 医药领域:作为原料或药物成分,例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
工业生产

酚类可以通过多种途径制备:

  • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
  • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料,在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚,此过程称为菲林斯勒反应(Fischer–Strassmann反应)。
注意事项

尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景,但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

以上是对酚类的简单介绍,涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
—— 5-fluoro-2-[(1R)-1-[[(1R)-1-pyridin-2-ylethyl]amino]ethyl]phenol —— C15H17FN2O
5-fluoro-2-[(1R)-1-[[(1R)-1-pyridin-2-ylethyl]amino]ethyl]phenol
—— 5-fluoro-2-[(1S)-1-(2-methoxyethylamino)ethyl]phenol —— C11H16FNO2
5-fluoro-2-[(1S)-1-(2-methoxyethylamino)ethyl]phenol
—— 5-fluoro-2-[(1R)-1-[(1,3,5-trimethylpyrazol-4-yl)amino]ethyl]phenol —— C14H18FN3O
5-fluoro-2-[(1R)-1-[(1,3,5-trimethylpyrazol-4-yl)amino]ethyl]phenol
—— 5-fluoro-2-[(1R)-1-(hexylamino)ethyl]phenol —— C14H22FNO
5-fluoro-2-[(1R)-1-(hexylamino)ethyl]phenol
—— 2-[(1R)-1-(cyclopropylmethylamino)ethyl]-5-fluorophenol —— C12H16FNO
2-[(1R)-1-(cyclopropylmethylamino)ethyl]-5-fluorophenol
—— 5-fluoro-2-[(1S)-1-(hexylamino)ethyl]phenol —— C14H22FNO
5-fluoro-2-[(1S)-1-(hexylamino)ethyl]phenol
—— 5-fluoro-2-[(1R)-1-(propylamino)ethyl]phenol —— C11H16FNO
5-fluoro-2-[(1R)-1-(propylamino)ethyl]phenol
—— 2-[(1S)-1-(cyclooctylamino)ethyl]-5-fluorophenol —— C16H24FNO
2-[(1S)-1-(cyclooctylamino)ethyl]-5-fluorophenol
—— 3-[[(1R)-1-(4-fluoro-2-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]amino]propanenitrile —— C11H13FN2O
3-[[(1R)-1-(4-fluoro-2-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]amino]propanenitrile
—— 2-[(1S)-1-[[(2R)-1-ethylpyrrolidin-2-yl]methylamino]ethyl]-5-fluorophenol —— C15H23FN2O
2-[(1S)-1-[[(2R)-1-ethylpyrrolidin-2-yl]methylamino]ethyl]-5-fluorophenol
—— 5-fluoro-2-[(1S)-1-[[(1R)-1-phenylethyl]amino]ethyl]phenol —— C16H18FNO
5-fluoro-2-[(1S)-1-[[(1R)-1-phenylethyl]amino]ethyl]phenol
—— 2-[(1R)-1-(cyclopropylamino)ethyl]-5-fluorophenol —— C11H14FNO
2-[(1R)-1-(cyclopropylamino)ethyl]-5-fluorophenol
—— 2-[(1R)-1-[[(2S)-butan-2-yl]amino]ethyl]-5-fluorophenol —— C12H18FNO
2-[(1R)-1-[[(2S)-butan-2-yl]amino]ethyl]-5-fluorophenol
—— 2-[(1R)-1-[3-(diethylamino)propylamino]ethyl]-5-fluorophenol —— C15H25FN2O
2-[(1R)-1-[3-(diethylamino)propylamino]ethyl]-5-fluorophenol
—— 2-[(1S)-1-(butylamino)ethyl]-5-fluorophenol —— C12H18FNO
2-[(1S)-1-(butylamino)ethyl]-5-fluorophenol
—— 5-fluoro-2-[(1S)-1-[(1,3,5-trimethylpyrazol-4-yl)amino]ethyl]phenol —— C14H18FN3O
5-fluoro-2-[(1S)-1-[(1,3,5-trimethylpyrazol-4-yl)amino]ethyl]phenol
—— 5-fluoro-2-[(1S)-1-(3-propan-2-yloxypropylamino)ethyl]phenol —— C14H22FNO2
5-fluoro-2-[(1S)-1-(3-propan-2-yloxypropylamino)ethyl]phenol
—— 2-[(1S)-1-[[(2S)-butan-2-yl]amino]ethyl]-5-fluorophenol —— C12H18FNO
2-[(1S)-1-[[(2S)-butan-2-yl]amino]ethyl]-5-fluorophenol
—— 5-fluoro-2-[(1S)-1-(pyridin-3-ylmethylamino)ethyl]phenol —— C14H15FN2O
5-fluoro-2-[(1S)-1-(pyridin-3-ylmethylamino)ethyl]phenol
—— 2-[(1S)-1-(cyclopropylamino)ethyl]-5-fluorophenol —— C11H14FNO
2-[(1S)-1-(cyclopropylamino)ethyl]-5-fluorophenol
—— 2-[(1S)-1-(ethylamino)ethyl]-5-fluorophenol —— C10H14FNO
2-[(1S)-1-(ethylamino)ethyl]-5-fluorophenol
—— 5-fluoro-2-[(1R)-1-(propan-2-ylamino)ethyl]phenol —— C11H16FNO
5-fluoro-2-[(1R)-1-(propan-2-ylamino)ethyl]phenol
—— 5-fluoro-2-[(1S)-1-(3-hydroxypropylamino)ethyl]phenol —— C11H16FNO2
5-fluoro-2-[(1S)-1-(3-hydroxypropylamino)ethyl]phenol
—— 5-fluoro-2-[(1S)-1-[[(1S)-1-[(2S)-oxolan-2-yl]ethyl]amino]ethyl]phenol —— C14H20FNO2
5-fluoro-2-[(1S)-1-[[(1S)-1-[(2S)-oxolan-2-yl]ethyl]amino]ethyl]phenol
—— 5-fluoro-2-[(1S)-1-[(4-methylcyclohexyl)amino]ethyl]phenol —— C15H22FNO
5-fluoro-2-[(1S)-1-[(4-methylcyclohexyl)amino]ethyl]phenol
—— 2-[(1S)-1-[[(2S)-1-ethylpyrrolidin-2-yl]methylamino]ethyl]-5-fluorophenol —— C15H23FN2O
2-[(1S)-1-[[(2S)-1-ethylpyrrolidin-2-yl]methylamino]ethyl]-5-fluorophenol
—— 5-fluoro-2-[(1S)-1-[[(1R)-1-pyridin-3-ylethyl]amino]ethyl]phenol —— C15H17FN2O
5-fluoro-2-[(1S)-1-[[(1R)-1-pyridin-3-ylethyl]amino]ethyl]phenol
—— 5-fluoro-2-[(1R)-1-(2-methoxyethylamino)ethyl]phenol —— C11H16FNO2
5-fluoro-2-[(1R)-1-(2-methoxyethylamino)ethyl]phenol
—— 3-[[(1S)-1-(4-fluoro-2-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]amino]propanenitrile —— C11H13FN2O
3-[[(1S)-1-(4-fluoro-2-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]amino]propanenitrile
—— 5-fluoro-2-[(1R)-1-[3-(2-methoxyethoxy)propylamino]ethyl]phenol —— C14H22FNO3
5-fluoro-2-[(1R)-1-[3-(2-methoxyethoxy)propylamino]ethyl]phenol
—— 2-[(1R)-1-(butylamino)ethyl]-5-fluorophenol —— C12H18FNO
2-[(1R)-1-(butylamino)ethyl]-5-fluorophenol
—— 2-[(1S)-1-[3-(diethylamino)propylamino]ethyl]-5-fluorophenol —— C15H25FN2O
2-[(1S)-1-[3-(diethylamino)propylamino]ethyl]-5-fluorophenol
—— 5-fluoro-2-[(1R)-1-(2-methylpropylamino)ethyl]phenol —— C12H18FNO
5-fluoro-2-[(1R)-1-(2-methylpropylamino)ethyl]phenol
—— 5-fluoro-2-[(1S)-1-(2-hydroxyethylamino)ethyl]phenol —— C10H14FNO2
5-fluoro-2-[(1S)-1-(2-hydroxyethylamino)ethyl]phenol
—— 5-fluoro-2-[(1S)-1-[[(1R)-1-pyridin-2-ylethyl]amino]ethyl]phenol —— C15H17FN2O
5-fluoro-2-[(1S)-1-[[(1R)-1-pyridin-2-ylethyl]amino]ethyl]phenol
—— 5-fluoro-2-[(1S)-1-(propan-2-ylamino)ethyl]phenol —— C11H16FNO
5-fluoro-2-[(1S)-1-(propan-2-ylamino)ethyl]phenol
—— 5-fluoro-2-[(1R)-1-(prop-2-ynylamino)ethyl]phenol —— C11H12FNO
5-fluoro-2-[(1R)-1-(prop-2-ynylamino)ethyl]phenol
—— 5-fluoro-2-[(1R)-1-[[(1S)-1-pyridin-2-ylethyl]amino]ethyl]phenol —— C15H17FN2O
5-fluoro-2-[(1R)-1-[[(1S)-1-pyridin-2-ylethyl]amino]ethyl]phenol
—— 5-fluoro-2-[(1R)-1-(2-thiophen-2-ylethylamino)ethyl]phenol —— C14H16FNOS
5-fluoro-2-[(1R)-1-(2-thiophen-2-ylethylamino)ethyl]phenol
—— 5-fluoro-2-[(1S)-1-(2-thiophen-2-ylethylamino)ethyl]phenol —— C14H16FNOS
5-fluoro-2-[(1S)-1-(2-thiophen-2-ylethylamino)ethyl]phenol
—— 5-fluoro-2-[(1S)-1-[[(1S)-1-pyridin-3-ylethyl]amino]ethyl]phenol —— C15H17FN2O
5-fluoro-2-[(1S)-1-[[(1S)-1-pyridin-3-ylethyl]amino]ethyl]phenol
—— 5-fluoro-2-[(1R)-1-[(4-methylcyclohexyl)amino]ethyl]phenol —— C15H22FNO
5-fluoro-2-[(1R)-1-[(4-methylcyclohexyl)amino]ethyl]phenol
—— 5-fluoro-2-[(1S)-1-[[(1S)-1-pyridin-2-ylethyl]amino]ethyl]phenol —— C15H17FN2O
5-fluoro-2-[(1S)-1-[[(1S)-1-pyridin-2-ylethyl]amino]ethyl]phenol
—— 5-fluoro-2-[(1R)-1-[[(1R)-1-phenylethyl]amino]ethyl]phenol —— C16H18FNO
5-fluoro-2-[(1R)-1-[[(1R)-1-phenylethyl]amino]ethyl]phenol
—— 5-fluoro-2-[(1S)-1-[[(1S)-1-phenylethyl]amino]ethyl]phenol —— C16H18FNO
5-fluoro-2-[(1S)-1-[[(1S)-1-phenylethyl]amino]ethyl]phenol
—— 5-fluoro-2-[(1S)-1-(propylamino)ethyl]phenol —— C11H16FNO
5-fluoro-2-[(1S)-1-(propylamino)ethyl]phenol
—— 2-Phosphonatophenol —— C6H5O4P-2
2-Phosphonatophenol
—— 1-(4-amino-1,2,5-oxadiazol-3-yl)-N-[(Z)-(3-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-5-(pyrrolidin-1-ylmethyl)triazole-4-carboxamide —— C17H19N9O3
1-(4-amino-1,2,5-oxadiazol-3-yl)-N-[(Z)-(3-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-5-(pyrrolidin-1-ylmethyl)triazole-4-carboxamide
—— 2-[(3S,4Z)-4-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-2,2-dimethyl-5-oxooxolan-3-yl]acetic acid —— C15H16O5
2-[(3S,4Z)-4-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-2,2-dimethyl-5-oxooxolan-3-yl]acetic acid
—— 2-[(3R,4Z)-4-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-2,2-dimethyl-5-oxooxolan-3-yl]acetic acid —— C15H16O5
2-[(3R,4Z)-4-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-2,2-dimethyl-5-oxooxolan-3-yl]acetic acid