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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (6R)-6-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-1,3,8-triazatricyclo[7.4.0.02,7]trideca-2(7),8-dien-4-one —— C18H21N3O4
    (6R)-6-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-1,3,8-triazatricyclo[7.4.0.02,7]trideca-2(7),8-dien-4-one
    —— (5Z)-5-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-1,3-thiazol-4(5H)-one —— C16H19N3O3S
    (5Z)-5-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-1,3-thiazol-4(5H)-one
    —— (5Z)-5-[(3-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-[(1R)-1-phenylethyl]-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C18H15NO2S2
    (5Z)-5-[(3-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-[(1R)-1-phenylethyl]-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— Butyl-[(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-methylazanium —— C13H22NO2+
    Butyl-[(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-methylazanium
    —— (5Z)-5-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-2-(4-methylpiperidin-1-yl)-1,3-thiazol-4(5H)-one —— C17H20N2O3S
    (5Z)-5-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-2-(4-methylpiperidin-1-yl)-1,3-thiazol-4(5H)-one
    —— (5Z)-5-[(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-(4-methylpiperazin-4-ium-1-yl)-1,3-thiazol-4-one —— C16H20N3O3S+
    (5Z)-5-[(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-(4-methylpiperazin-4-ium-1-yl)-1,3-thiazol-4-one
    —— (2E)-2-(4-hydroxy-3-nitrobenzylidene)[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]benzimidazol-3(2H)-one —— C16H9N3O4S
    (2E)-2-(4-hydroxy-3-nitrobenzylidene)[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]benzimidazol-3(2H)-one
    —— (2-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl-(pyridin-3-ylmethyl)azanium —— C14H17N2O2+
    (2-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl-(pyridin-3-ylmethyl)azanium
    —— (3E)-5-(2,5-dimethylphenyl)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)furan-2(3H)-one —— C20H18O4
    (3E)-5-(2,5-dimethylphenyl)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)furan-2(3H)-one
    —— (2R)-N-(4-ethoxyphenyl)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-(1,2,3-triaza-4-azanidacyclopenta-2,5-dien-5-yl)propanamide —— C19H20N5O4-
    (2R)-N-(4-ethoxyphenyl)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-(1,2,3-triaza-4-azanidacyclopenta-2,5-dien-5-yl)propanamide
    —— 4-[(2S)-2-(aminomethyl)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-7-yl]-2-methoxyphenol —— C16H17NO3
    4-[(2S)-2-(aminomethyl)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-7-yl]-2-methoxyphenol
    —— (2S)-N-(4-ethoxyphenyl)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-(2H-tetrazol-5-yl)propanamide —— C19H21N5O4
    (2S)-N-(4-ethoxyphenyl)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-(2H-tetrazol-5-yl)propanamide
    —— (2R)-N-(4-ethoxyphenyl)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-(2H-tetrazol-5-yl)propanamide —— C19H21N5O4
    (2R)-N-(4-ethoxyphenyl)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-(2H-tetrazol-5-yl)propanamide
    —— (2S)-N-(4-ethoxyphenyl)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-(1,2,3-triaza-4-azanidacyclopenta-2,5-dien-5-yl)propanamide —— C19H20N5O4-
    (2S)-N-(4-ethoxyphenyl)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-(1,2,3-triaza-4-azanidacyclopenta-2,5-dien-5-yl)propanamide
    —— 4-[(2R)-2-(aminomethyl)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-7-yl]-2-methoxyphenol —— C16H17NO3
    4-[(2R)-2-(aminomethyl)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-7-yl]-2-methoxyphenol
    —— N-ethyl-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-N-[[(2S)-oxolan-2-yl]methyl]propanamide —— C16H23NO3
    N-ethyl-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-N-[[(2S)-oxolan-2-yl]methyl]propanamide
    —— N-ethyl-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-N-[[(2R)-oxolan-2-yl]methyl]propanamide —— C16H23NO3
    N-ethyl-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-N-[[(2R)-oxolan-2-yl]methyl]propanamide
    —— N-[(1R)-1-(3-fluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-3-(6-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyridazin-3-yl)propanamide —— C15H18FN3O3
    N-[(1R)-1-(3-fluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-3-(6-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyridazin-3-yl)propanamide
    —— N-[[(3S)-1-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]pyrrolidin-3-yl]methyl]-2-methylfuran-3-carboxamide —— C19H24N2O4
    N-[[(3S)-1-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]pyrrolidin-3-yl]methyl]-2-methylfuran-3-carboxamide
    —— N-[(1S)-1-(3-fluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-3-(6-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyridazin-3-yl)propanamide —— C15H18FN3O3
    N-[(1S)-1-(3-fluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-3-(6-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyridazin-3-yl)propanamide
    —— 1-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-3-[(2S)-4-(4-methoxyphenyl)butan-2-yl]-1-methylurea —— C21H28N2O4
    1-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-3-[(2S)-4-(4-methoxyphenyl)butan-2-yl]-1-methylurea
    —— (2S)-2-cyano-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-N-(3-methoxyphenyl)propanamide —— C18H18N2O4
    (2S)-2-cyano-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-N-(3-methoxyphenyl)propanamide
    —— 3-[(2S)-2-(dimethylamino)-2-(4-methylphenyl)ethyl]-1-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-1-methylurea —— C21H29N3O3
    3-[(2S)-2-(dimethylamino)-2-(4-methylphenyl)ethyl]-1-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-1-methylurea
    —— (2R)-4-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-1-methylpiperazine-2-carboxylic acid —— C14H20N2O4
    (2R)-4-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-1-methylpiperazine-2-carboxylic acid
    —— diethyl (3R,4R)-4-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-2,6-dimethyl-3,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate —— C20H25NO6
    diethyl (3R,4R)-4-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-2,6-dimethyl-3,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate
    —— 2-amino-4-(2-chloro-4-oxocyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene)-6-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1H-pyridine-3-carbonitrile —— C19H14ClN3O3
    2-amino-4-(2-chloro-4-oxocyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene)-6-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1H-pyridine-3-carbonitrile
    —— 2-[(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-(2-hydroxy-6-oxocyclohexen-1-yl)methyl]-3-hydroxycyclohex-2-en-1-one —— C19H20O6
    2-[(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-(2-hydroxy-6-oxocyclohexen-1-yl)methyl]-3-hydroxycyclohex-2-en-1-one
    —— (4R,7R)-7-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-6-imino-3-methyl-4-phenyl-5,7-dihydro-4H-1,2-benzoxazole-5-carbonitrile —— C21H17N3O2
    (4R,7R)-7-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-6-imino-3-methyl-4-phenyl-5,7-dihydro-4H-1,2-benzoxazole-5-carbonitrile
    —— 2-(2-chloro-phenylimino)-5-(4-hydroxy-3-nitro-benzylidene)-thiazolidin-4-one —— C16H10ClN3O4S
    2-(2-chloro-phenylimino)-5-(4-hydroxy-3-nitro-benzylidene)-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— (4R,7S)-7-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-6-imino-3-methyl-4-phenyl-5,7-dihydro-4H-1,2-benzoxazole-5-carbonitrile —— C21H17N3O2
    (4R,7S)-7-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-6-imino-3-methyl-4-phenyl-5,7-dihydro-4H-1,2-benzoxazole-5-carbonitrile
    —— 3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-N-[[(3R)-1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl]methyl]propanamide —— C15H22N2O2
    3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-N-[[(3R)-1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl]methyl]propanamide
    —— (2R)-1-[(2R)-2-hydroxy-3-[4-(2-methoxyethyl)phenoxy]propoxy]-3-[4-(2-methoxyethyl)phenoxy]propan-2-ol —— C24H34O7
    (2R)-1-[(2R)-2-hydroxy-3-[4-(2-methoxyethyl)phenoxy]propoxy]-3-[4-(2-methoxyethyl)phenoxy]propan-2-ol
    —— (2S)-1-[(2S)-2-hydroxy-3-[4-(2-methoxyethyl)phenoxy]propoxy]-3-[4-(2-methoxyethyl)phenoxy]propan-2-ol —— C24H34O7
    (2S)-1-[(2S)-2-hydroxy-3-[4-(2-methoxyethyl)phenoxy]propoxy]-3-[4-(2-methoxyethyl)phenoxy]propan-2-ol
    —— 4-[(4S)-2-amino-4,10-dihydro-1H-[1,3,5]triazino[1,2-a]benzimidazol-5-ium-4-yl]-2,6-dimethoxyphenol —— C17H18N5O3+
    4-[(4S)-2-amino-4,10-dihydro-1H-[1,3,5]triazino[1,2-a]benzimidazol-5-ium-4-yl]-2,6-dimethoxyphenol
    —— methyl (5Z)-5-[(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-methyl-4-oxo-3H-pyrrole-3-carboxylate —— C15H15NO5
    methyl (5Z)-5-[(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-methyl-4-oxo-3H-pyrrole-3-carboxylate
    —— 3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-N-[[(3S)-1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl]methyl]propanamide —— C15H22N2O2
    3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-N-[[(3S)-1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl]methyl]propanamide
    —— methyl (5Z)-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-methyl-4-oxo-3H-pyrrole-3-carboxylate —— C15H15NO5
    methyl (5Z)-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-methyl-4-oxo-3H-pyrrole-3-carboxylate
    —— (4R)-6-amino-3-butyl-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2,4-dihydropyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole-5-carbonitrile —— C18H20N4O3
    (4R)-6-amino-3-butyl-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2,4-dihydropyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole-5-carbonitrile
    —— 4-[(2R)-butan-2-yl]-3-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-one —— C13H17N3O2
    4-[(2R)-butan-2-yl]-3-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-one
    —— 4-[(2S)-butan-2-yl]-3-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-one —— C13H17N3O2
    4-[(2S)-butan-2-yl]-3-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-one
    —— 1-[(2S)-2-butyl-2,5-dihydropyrrol-1-yl]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propan-1-one —— C17H23NO2
    1-[(2S)-2-butyl-2,5-dihydropyrrol-1-yl]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propan-1-one
    —— 1-[(2R)-2-butyl-2,5-dihydropyrrol-1-yl]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propan-1-one —— C17H23NO2
    1-[(2R)-2-butyl-2,5-dihydropyrrol-1-yl]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propan-1-one
    —— (4S)-4-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-methyl-4,8-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-e][1,4]thiazepin-7-one —— C13H13N3O3S
    (4S)-4-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-methyl-4,8-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-e][1,4]thiazepin-7-one
    —— 1-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-1-methyl-3-[(1R,2R)-2-phenylcyclopropyl]urea —— C19H22N2O3
    1-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-1-methyl-3-[(1R,2R)-2-phenylcyclopropyl]urea
    —— 1-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-1-methyl-3-[(1R,2S)-2-phenylcyclopropyl]urea —— C19H22N2O3
    1-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-1-methyl-3-[(1R,2S)-2-phenylcyclopropyl]urea
    —— 1-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-1-methyl-3-[(1S,2S)-2-phenylcyclopropyl]urea —— C19H22N2O3
    1-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-1-methyl-3-[(1S,2S)-2-phenylcyclopropyl]urea
    —— (2R)-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-[(3S)-5-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-phenyl-3,4-dihydropyrazol-2-yl]acetonitrile —— C25H23N3O3
    (2R)-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-[(3S)-5-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-phenyl-3,4-dihydropyrazol-2-yl]acetonitrile
    —— (2R)-2-cyano-N-(2-ethylphenyl)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)propanamide —— C19H20N2O3
    (2R)-2-cyano-N-(2-ethylphenyl)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)propanamide
    —— (4R)-4-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-methyl-4,8-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-e][1,4]thiazepin-7-one —— C13H13N3O3S
    (4R)-4-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-methyl-4,8-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-e][1,4]thiazepin-7-one
    —— (2S)-2-cyano-N-(2-ethylphenyl)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)propanamide —— C19H20N2O3
    (2S)-2-cyano-N-(2-ethylphenyl)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)propanamide