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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (5Z)-5-(4-hydroxy-3-nitrobenzylidene)-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-thioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C17H12N2O5S2
    (5Z)-5-(4-hydroxy-3-nitrobenzylidene)-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-thioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— (5Z)-5-(4-hydroxy-3-nitrobenzylidene)-3-phenyl-1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione —— C16H10N2O5S
    (5Z)-5-(4-hydroxy-3-nitrobenzylidene)-3-phenyl-1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione
    —— 3-Ethyl-5-((4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)methylene)-2-thioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C12H10N2O4S2
    3-Ethyl-5-((4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)methylene)-2-thioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— (5Z)-2-(3-chloro-4-methylphenyl)imino-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C18H15ClN2O3S
    (5Z)-2-(3-chloro-4-methylphenyl)imino-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 2-[Tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]-3-methyl-6-trimethylsilylphenol —— C16H30OSi2
    2-[Tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]-3-methyl-6-trimethylsilylphenol
    —— 6-Bromo-2-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]-3-methylphenol —— C13H21BrOSi
    6-Bromo-2-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]-3-methylphenol
    —— 4-(2-Hydroxy-benzyliden)-1-phenyl-pyrazolidin-dion-3.5 4590-83-4 C16H12N2O3
    4-(2-Hydroxy-benzyliden)-1-phenyl-pyrazolidin-dion-3.5
    —— (4Z)-4-[(3-bromo-5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-1-(4-chlorophenyl)pyrazolidine-3,5-dione —— C16H9BrCl2N2O3
    (4Z)-4-[(3-bromo-5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-1-(4-chlorophenyl)pyrazolidine-3,5-dione
    —— (4Z)-2-(4-bromophenyl)-5-hydroxy-4-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzylidene)-2,4-dihydro-3H-pyrazol-3-one —— C16H10BrN3O5
    (4Z)-2-(4-bromophenyl)-5-hydroxy-4-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzylidene)-2,4-dihydro-3H-pyrazol-3-one
    —— (4E)-1-(4-bromophenyl)-4-[(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)methylidene]pyrazolidine-3,5-dione —— C16H10BrN3O5
    (4E)-1-(4-bromophenyl)-4-[(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)methylidene]pyrazolidine-3,5-dione
    —— 2-[(1-Butylbenzimidazol-2-yl)iminomethyl]-4-nitrophenol —— C18H18N4O3
    2-[(1-Butylbenzimidazol-2-yl)iminomethyl]-4-nitrophenol
    —— N'-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-N-(2-methylpropyl)propanediamide —— C14H19N3O3
    N'-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-N-(2-methylpropyl)propanediamide
    —— (4Z)-4-(5-chloro-2-hydroxybenzylidene)-1-(3-chlorophenyl)pyrazolidine-3,5-dione —— C16H10Cl2N2O3
    (4Z)-4-(5-chloro-2-hydroxybenzylidene)-1-(3-chlorophenyl)pyrazolidine-3,5-dione
    —— (4Z)-5-hydroxy-4-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-2-phenyl-2,4-dihydro-3H-pyrazol-3-one —— C17H14N2O4
    (4Z)-5-hydroxy-4-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-2-phenyl-2,4-dihydro-3H-pyrazol-3-one
    —— (4Z)-4-[(5-bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-1-(3-chlorophenyl)pyrazolidine-3,5-dione —— C16H10BrClN2O3
    (4Z)-4-[(5-bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-1-(3-chlorophenyl)pyrazolidine-3,5-dione
    —— (4E)-4-[(5-bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-1-(3-chlorophenyl)pyrazolidine-3,5-dione —— C16H10BrClN2O3
    (4E)-4-[(5-bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-1-(3-chlorophenyl)pyrazolidine-3,5-dione
    —— (4Z)-1-(3,4-dimethylphenyl)-4-[(4-hydroxy-3-iodo-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]pyrazolidine-3,5-dione —— C19H17IN2O4
    (4Z)-1-(3,4-dimethylphenyl)-4-[(4-hydroxy-3-iodo-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]pyrazolidine-3,5-dione
    —— (4E)-1-(3,4-dimethylphenyl)-4-[(4-hydroxy-3-iodo-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]pyrazolidine-3,5-dione —— C19H17IN2O4
    (4E)-1-(3,4-dimethylphenyl)-4-[(4-hydroxy-3-iodo-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]pyrazolidine-3,5-dione
    —— (5E)-5-[(5-Bromo-3-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-(prop-2-EN-1-YL)-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C13H9BrClNO2S2
    (5E)-5-[(5-Bromo-3-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-(prop-2-EN-1-YL)-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— (5Z)-5-(5-bromo-3-chloro-2-hydroxybenzylidene)-3-(prop-2-en-1-yl)-2-thioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C13H9BrClNO2S2
    (5Z)-5-(5-bromo-3-chloro-2-hydroxybenzylidene)-3-(prop-2-en-1-yl)-2-thioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 3-[(4,6-Dimethyl-2-pyrimidinyl)amino]-5-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)-2-thioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C16H14N4O2S2
    3-[(4,6-Dimethyl-2-pyrimidinyl)amino]-5-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)-2-thioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— ethyl (2Z,5S)-2-[(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-7-methyl-3-oxo-5-phenyl-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate —— C24H22N2O5S
    ethyl (2Z,5S)-2-[(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-7-methyl-3-oxo-5-phenyl-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate
    —— (5Z)-2-(3-chloro-4-methylphenyl)imino-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C17H12ClN3O4S
    (5Z)-2-(3-chloro-4-methylphenyl)imino-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— ethyl (2E,5S)-2-[(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-7-methyl-3-oxo-5-phenyl-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate —— C24H22N2O5S
    ethyl (2E,5S)-2-[(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-7-methyl-3-oxo-5-phenyl-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate
    —— (4Z)-4-[(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-1-phenylpyrazolidine-3,5-dione —— C16H12N2O4
    (4Z)-4-[(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-1-phenylpyrazolidine-3,5-dione
    —— ethyl (2Z,5R)-2-[(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-7-methyl-3-oxo-5-phenyl-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate —— C24H22N2O5S
    ethyl (2Z,5R)-2-[(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-7-methyl-3-oxo-5-phenyl-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate
    —— ethyl (2E,5R)-2-[(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-7-methyl-3-oxo-5-phenyl-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate —— C24H22N2O5S
    ethyl (2E,5R)-2-[(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-7-methyl-3-oxo-5-phenyl-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate
    —— 4-[[(2R)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]methoxy]phenol —— C11H15NO2
    4-[[(2R)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]methoxy]phenol
    —— (4E)-4-(2,4-dihydroxybenzylidene)-1-phenylpyrazolidine-3,5-dione —— C16H12N2O4
    (4E)-4-(2,4-dihydroxybenzylidene)-1-phenylpyrazolidine-3,5-dione
    —— (5E)-3-[(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)amino]-5-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C16H14N4O2S2
    (5E)-3-[(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)amino]-5-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 2,3-Bis(hydroxymethyl)-5-methyl-6-(2-methylprop-1-enyl)benzene-1,4-diol —— C13H18O4
    2,3-Bis(hydroxymethyl)-5-methyl-6-(2-methylprop-1-enyl)benzene-1,4-diol
    —— (4Z)-2-(4-bromophenyl)-4-(3,4-dihydroxybenzylidene)-5-hydroxy-2,4-dihydro-3H-pyrazol-3-one —— C16H11BrN2O4
    (4Z)-2-(4-bromophenyl)-4-(3,4-dihydroxybenzylidene)-5-hydroxy-2,4-dihydro-3H-pyrazol-3-one
    —— (4E)-1-(4-bromophenyl)-4-(3,4-dihydroxybenzylidene)pyrazolidine-3,5-dione —— C16H11BrN2O4
    (4E)-1-(4-bromophenyl)-4-(3,4-dihydroxybenzylidene)pyrazolidine-3,5-dione
    —— (3Z)-5-benzyl-3-[(5-chloro-2-hydroxyanilino)methylidene]-2-ethyl-4,6-dioxocyclohexene-1-carbonitrile —— C23H19ClN2O3
    (3Z)-5-benzyl-3-[(5-chloro-2-hydroxyanilino)methylidene]-2-ethyl-4,6-dioxocyclohexene-1-carbonitrile
    —— (4Z)-1-(3,4-dimethylphenyl)-4-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]pyrazolidine-3,5-dione —— C19H18N2O4
    (4Z)-1-(3,4-dimethylphenyl)-4-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]pyrazolidine-3,5-dione
    —— N-[(5Z)-5-[(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-4-oxo-1,3-thiazolidin-2-ylidene]-4-methylbenzenesulfonamide —— C17H13N3O6S2
    N-[(5Z)-5-[(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-4-oxo-1,3-thiazolidin-2-ylidene]-4-methylbenzenesulfonamide
    —— N-[(3,5-dibromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-2-iodobenzamide —— C14H9Br2IN2O2
    N-[(3,5-dibromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-2-iodobenzamide
    —— (Z)-3-Amino-4,4,4-trifluoro-1-(2-hydroxy-5-methyl-phenyl)-but-2-en-1-one —— C11H10F3NO2
    (Z)-3-Amino-4,4,4-trifluoro-1-(2-hydroxy-5-methyl-phenyl)-but-2-en-1-one
    —— (4E)-1-(3,4-dimethylphenyl)-4-[(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)methylidene]pyrazolidine-3,5-dione —— C18H15N3O5
    (4E)-1-(3,4-dimethylphenyl)-4-[(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)methylidene]pyrazolidine-3,5-dione
    —— (4E)-1-(3,4-dimethylphenyl)-4-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]pyrazolidine-3,5-dione —— C19H18N2O4
    (4E)-1-(3,4-dimethylphenyl)-4-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]pyrazolidine-3,5-dione
    —— (4Z)-1-(3,4-dimethylphenyl)-4-[(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)methylidene]pyrazolidine-3,5-dione —— C18H15N3O5
    (4Z)-1-(3,4-dimethylphenyl)-4-[(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)methylidene]pyrazolidine-3,5-dione
    —— 5-(2-Hydroxy-5-nitrobenzylidene)-3-methyl-2-thioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C11H8N2O4S2
    5-(2-Hydroxy-5-nitrobenzylidene)-3-methyl-2-thioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 2-[(5Z)-5-[(3-chloro-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-4-oxo-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]acetate —— C13H9ClNO5S2-
    2-[(5Z)-5-[(3-chloro-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-4-oxo-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]acetate
    —— 2-[(5E)-5-[(3-chloro-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-4-oxo-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]acetate —— C13H9ClNO5S2-
    2-[(5E)-5-[(3-chloro-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-4-oxo-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]acetate
    —— (5E)-5-[(2-hydroxy-5-iodophenyl)methylidene]-3-prop-2-enyl-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C13H10INO2S2
    (5E)-5-[(2-hydroxy-5-iodophenyl)methylidene]-3-prop-2-enyl-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— (5Z)-5-[(2-hydroxy-5-iodophenyl)methylidene]-3-prop-2-enyl-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C13H10INO2S2
    (5Z)-5-[(2-hydroxy-5-iodophenyl)methylidene]-3-prop-2-enyl-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— Sodium;2-methanidyloxirane;phenol —— C9H11NaO2
    Sodium;2-methanidyloxirane;phenol
    —— 5-[(2-Hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)methylene]-3-methyl-2-thioxo-1,3-thiazolan-4-one —— C11H8N2O4S2
    5-[(2-Hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)methylene]-3-methyl-2-thioxo-1,3-thiazolan-4-one
    —— (5E)-5-(2-hydroxy-3-nitrobenzylidene)-3-(prop-2-en-1-yl)-2-thioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C13H10N2O4S2
    (5E)-5-(2-hydroxy-3-nitrobenzylidene)-3-(prop-2-en-1-yl)-2-thioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— N'-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-N-(4-iodophenyl)butanediamide —— C18H18IN3O4
    N'-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-N-(4-iodophenyl)butanediamide