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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (4S)-4-(4-fluoro-2-hydroxyphenyl)-3-methyl-1-propyl-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one —— C16H18FN3O2
    (4S)-4-(4-fluoro-2-hydroxyphenyl)-3-methyl-1-propyl-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one
    —— (4R)-4-[(E)-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethenyl]-3-phenyl-2,4,5,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one —— C21H19N3O3
    (4R)-4-[(E)-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethenyl]-3-phenyl-2,4,5,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one
    —— (4S)-4-[(E)-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethenyl]-3-phenyl-2,4,5,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one —— C21H19N3O3
    (4S)-4-[(E)-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethenyl]-3-phenyl-2,4,5,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one
    —— 2-methoxy-6-[[(2S)-2-(3-pyridin-2-yl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]methyl]phenol —— C19H20N4O3
    2-methoxy-6-[[(2S)-2-(3-pyridin-2-yl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]methyl]phenol
    —— 2-methoxy-6-[[(2R)-2-(3-pyridin-2-yl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]methyl]phenol —— C19H20N4O3
    2-methoxy-6-[[(2R)-2-(3-pyridin-2-yl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]methyl]phenol
    —— 4-N-[(1R)-1-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-1-N,1-N-dimethylpiperidine-1,4-dicarboxamide —— C18H27N3O4
    4-N-[(1R)-1-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-1-N,1-N-dimethylpiperidine-1,4-dicarboxamide
    —— 4-N-[(1S)-1-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-1-N,1-N-dimethylpiperidine-1,4-dicarboxamide —— C18H27N3O4
    4-N-[(1S)-1-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-1-N,1-N-dimethylpiperidine-1,4-dicarboxamide
    —— 4-O-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl] 3-O,5-O-dimethyl (4S)-2,6-dimethyl-3,4-dihydropyridine-3,4,5-tricarboxylate —— C21H25NO7
    4-O-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl] 3-O,5-O-dimethyl (4S)-2,6-dimethyl-3,4-dihydropyridine-3,4,5-tricarboxylate
    —— 3-[(1R)-1-(2,5-dimethylfuran-3-yl)ethyl]-1-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-1-methylurea —— C18H24N2O4
    3-[(1R)-1-(2,5-dimethylfuran-3-yl)ethyl]-1-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-1-methylurea
    —— (3R)-3-acetamido-N-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]piperidine-1-carboxamide —— C16H23N3O4
    (3R)-3-acetamido-N-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]piperidine-1-carboxamide
    —— (3S)-3-acetamido-N-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]piperidine-1-carboxamide —— C16H23N3O4
    (3S)-3-acetamido-N-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]piperidine-1-carboxamide
    —— 4-[2-[3-Tert-butyl-5-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl)pyrazol-1-yl]-1,3-thiazol-4-yl]benzene-1,2-diol —— C18H17F4N3O2S
    4-[2-[3-Tert-butyl-5-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl)pyrazol-1-yl]-1,3-thiazol-4-yl]benzene-1,2-diol
    —— 4-[(1R)-1-[(5-ethyl-2-methylpyrimidin-4-yl)amino]ethyl]-2-fluorophenol —— C15H18FN3O
    4-[(1R)-1-[(5-ethyl-2-methylpyrimidin-4-yl)amino]ethyl]-2-fluorophenol
    —— 4-[(1S)-1-[(5-ethyl-2-methylpyrimidin-4-yl)amino]ethyl]-2-fluorophenol —— C15H18FN3O
    4-[(1S)-1-[(5-ethyl-2-methylpyrimidin-4-yl)amino]ethyl]-2-fluorophenol
    —— 2-[[(1S)-1-ethyl-3,4-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazin-2-yl]methyl]-6-methoxyphenol —— C17H22N2O2
    2-[[(1S)-1-ethyl-3,4-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazin-2-yl]methyl]-6-methoxyphenol
    —— 2-[[(1R)-1-ethyl-3,4-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazin-2-yl]methyl]-6-methoxyphenol —— C17H22N2O2
    2-[[(1R)-1-ethyl-3,4-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazin-2-yl]methyl]-6-methoxyphenol
    —— 4-[(3S)-3-[(1-methylsulfonylpiperidin-4-yl)amino]butyl]phenol —— C16H26N2O3S
    4-[(3S)-3-[(1-methylsulfonylpiperidin-4-yl)amino]butyl]phenol
    —— 3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-N-[(2S)-oxan-2-yl]oxypropanamide —— C14H19NO4
    3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-N-[(2S)-oxan-2-yl]oxypropanamide
    —— 3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-N-[(2R)-oxan-2-yl]oxypropanamide —— C14H19NO4
    3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-N-[(2R)-oxan-2-yl]oxypropanamide
    —— 1-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-3-[(2R)-4-(4-methoxyphenyl)butan-2-yl]-1-methylurea —— C21H28N2O4
    1-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-3-[(2R)-4-(4-methoxyphenyl)butan-2-yl]-1-methylurea
    —— (4S)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2,4,5,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one —— C19H16ClN3O3
    (4S)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2,4,5,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one
    —— 2-phenoxyethyl (4R)-4-(4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)-6-methyl-2-oxo-3,4-dihydro-1H-pyrimidine-5-carboxylate —— C20H19N3O7
    2-phenoxyethyl (4R)-4-(4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)-6-methyl-2-oxo-3,4-dihydro-1H-pyrimidine-5-carboxylate
    —— (13S)-13-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-prop-2-enylphenyl)-5-thia-2,7,10-triazatricyclo[6.5.0.02,6]trideca-1(8),3,6-trien-11-one —— C19H19N3O3S
    (13S)-13-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-prop-2-enylphenyl)-5-thia-2,7,10-triazatricyclo[6.5.0.02,6]trideca-1(8),3,6-trien-11-one
    —— (13R)-13-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-prop-2-enylphenyl)-5-thia-2,7,10-triazatricyclo[6.5.0.02,6]trideca-1(8),3,6-trien-11-one —— C19H19N3O3S
    (13R)-13-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-prop-2-enylphenyl)-5-thia-2,7,10-triazatricyclo[6.5.0.02,6]trideca-1(8),3,6-trien-11-one
    —— (4R)-1-[(2-chlorophenyl)methyl]-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one —— C20H18ClN3O2
    (4R)-1-[(2-chlorophenyl)methyl]-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one
    —— (4S)-1-[(2-chlorophenyl)methyl]-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one —— C20H18ClN3O2
    (4S)-1-[(2-chlorophenyl)methyl]-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one
    —— 3-[(2R)-2-(dimethylamino)-2-(4-methylphenyl)ethyl]-1-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-1-methylurea —— C21H29N3O3
    3-[(2R)-2-(dimethylamino)-2-(4-methylphenyl)ethyl]-1-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-1-methylurea
    —— 2-methoxy-6-[[methyl-[(1S)-1-pyridin-3-ylpropyl]amino]methyl]phenol —— C17H22N2O2
    2-methoxy-6-[[methyl-[(1S)-1-pyridin-3-ylpropyl]amino]methyl]phenol
    —— 2-methoxy-6-[[methyl-[(1R)-1-pyridin-3-ylpropyl]amino]methyl]phenol —— C17H22N2O2
    2-methoxy-6-[[methyl-[(1R)-1-pyridin-3-ylpropyl]amino]methyl]phenol
    —— (4S)-4-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-3-pyridin-3-yl-2,4,5,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one —— C18H16N4O3
    (4S)-4-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-3-pyridin-3-yl-2,4,5,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one
    —— (4R)-4-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-3-pyridin-3-yl-2,4,5,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one —— C18H16N4O3
    (4R)-4-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-3-pyridin-3-yl-2,4,5,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one
    —— 2-methoxy-6-[(4S)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridin-4-yl]phenol —— C13H15N3O2
    2-methoxy-6-[(4S)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridin-4-yl]phenol
    —— (3R)-1-[2-[2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethylamino]pyrimidin-4-yl]piperidin-3-ol —— C18H24N4O3
    (3R)-1-[2-[2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethylamino]pyrimidin-4-yl]piperidin-3-ol
    —— (3S)-1-[2-[2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethylamino]pyrimidin-4-yl]piperidin-3-ol —— C18H24N4O3
    (3S)-1-[2-[2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethylamino]pyrimidin-4-yl]piperidin-3-ol
    —— 2-methoxy-6-[[(2S)-2-pyridin-2-ylpyrrolidin-1-yl]methyl]phenol —— C17H20N2O2
    2-methoxy-6-[[(2S)-2-pyridin-2-ylpyrrolidin-1-yl]methyl]phenol
    —— 2-methoxy-6-[[(2R)-2-pyridin-2-ylpyrrolidin-1-yl]methyl]phenol —— C17H20N2O2
    2-methoxy-6-[[(2R)-2-pyridin-2-ylpyrrolidin-1-yl]methyl]phenol
    —— 2-[(2S,6R)-2,6-dimethylmorpholin-4-yl]-5-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazol-4-one —— C16H18N2O3S
    2-[(2S,6R)-2,6-dimethylmorpholin-4-yl]-5-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazol-4-one
    —— 2-[(2S,6S)-2,6-dimethylmorpholin-4-yl]-5-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazol-4-one —— C16H18N2O3S
    2-[(2S,6S)-2,6-dimethylmorpholin-4-yl]-5-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazol-4-one
    —— 3-[(4R)-1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydroindazol-4-yl]-1-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-1-methylurea —— C18H24N4O3
    3-[(4R)-1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydroindazol-4-yl]-1-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-1-methylurea
    —— 3-[(4S)-1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydroindazol-4-yl]-1-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-1-methylurea —— C18H24N4O3
    3-[(4S)-1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydroindazol-4-yl]-1-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-1-methylurea
    —— 4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-N-[(1S)-1-(4-methyl-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)ethyl]-3,6-dihydro-2H-pyridine-1-carboxamide —— C17H21N5O2
    4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-N-[(1S)-1-(4-methyl-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)ethyl]-3,6-dihydro-2H-pyridine-1-carboxamide
    —— 4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-N-[(1R)-1-(4-methyl-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)ethyl]-3,6-dihydro-2H-pyridine-1-carboxamide —— C17H21N5O2
    4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-N-[(1R)-1-(4-methyl-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)ethyl]-3,6-dihydro-2H-pyridine-1-carboxamide
    —— 1-[(1R)-1-(5-chlorothiophen-2-yl)ethyl]-3-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]urea —— C15H17ClN2O3S
    1-[(1R)-1-(5-chlorothiophen-2-yl)ethyl]-3-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]urea
    —— 1-[(1S)-1-(5-chlorothiophen-2-yl)ethyl]-3-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]urea —— C15H17ClN2O3S
    1-[(1S)-1-(5-chlorothiophen-2-yl)ethyl]-3-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]urea
    —— 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl 6-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyridazine-3-carboxylate —— C14H16N2O4
    2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl 6-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyridazine-3-carboxylate
    —— 2-[4-[[(2S)-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)butan-2-yl]carbamoylamino]pyrazol-1-yl]acetamide —— C16H21N5O3
    2-[4-[[(2S)-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)butan-2-yl]carbamoylamino]pyrazol-1-yl]acetamide
    —— 2-[4-[[(2R)-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)butan-2-yl]carbamoylamino]pyrazol-1-yl]acetamide —— C16H21N5O3
    2-[4-[[(2R)-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)butan-2-yl]carbamoylamino]pyrazol-1-yl]acetamide
    —— (4R)-2-benzyl-4-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-3-methyl-5,7-dihydro-4H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one —— C21H21N3O3
    (4R)-2-benzyl-4-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-3-methyl-5,7-dihydro-4H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one
    —— (4S)-2-benzyl-4-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-3-methyl-5,7-dihydro-4H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one —— C21H21N3O3
    (4S)-2-benzyl-4-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-3-methyl-5,7-dihydro-4H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one
    —— (9aR)-2-[(2-chloro-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-8-methyl-1,3,4,6,7,9a-hexahydropyrazino[1,2-a]pyrazin-9-one —— C16H22ClN3O3
    (9aR)-2-[(2-chloro-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-8-methyl-1,3,4,6,7,9a-hexahydropyrazino[1,2-a]pyrazin-9-one