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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 2-(3,5-dioxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,2,4-triazin-6-yl)-N'-(3-hydroxybenzylidene)acetohydrazide —— C12H11N5O4
    2-(3,5-dioxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,2,4-triazin-6-yl)-N'-(3-hydroxybenzylidene)acetohydrazide
    —— 2-[(3,5-dioxo-2H-1,2,4-triazin-6-yl)amino]-N-[(E)-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]acetamide —— C13H14N6O5
    2-[(3,5-dioxo-2H-1,2,4-triazin-6-yl)amino]-N-[(E)-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]acetamide
    —— N'-[(E)-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-(3-hydroxy-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)propanehydrazide —— C15H18N4O4
    N'-[(E)-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-(3-hydroxy-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)propanehydrazide
    —— 3-[(E)-[[1-(4-azaniumyl-1,2,5-oxadiazol-3-yl)-5-thiophen-2-yltriazole-4-carbonyl]hydrazinylidene]methyl]phenolate —— C16H12N8O3S
    3-[(E)-[[1-(4-azaniumyl-1,2,5-oxadiazol-3-yl)-5-thiophen-2-yltriazole-4-carbonyl]hydrazinylidene]methyl]phenolate
    —— 2-[(2E,5S)-2-[(E)-benzylidenehydrazinylidene]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-oxo-1,3-thiazolidin-5-yl]acetic acid —— C18H15N3O4S
    2-[(2E,5S)-2-[(E)-benzylidenehydrazinylidene]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-oxo-1,3-thiazolidin-5-yl]acetic acid
    —— 2-[(2E,5S)-2-[(E)-benzylidenehydrazinylidene]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-oxo-1,3-thiazolidin-5-yl]acetate —— C18H14N3O4S-
    2-[(2E,5S)-2-[(E)-benzylidenehydrazinylidene]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-oxo-1,3-thiazolidin-5-yl]acetate
    —— 5-[(E)-[[2-(1H-benzimidazol-1-ium-2-ylsulfanyl)acetyl]hydrazinylidene]methyl]-2-methoxyphenolate —— C17H16N4O3S
    5-[(E)-[[2-(1H-benzimidazol-1-ium-2-ylsulfanyl)acetyl]hydrazinylidene]methyl]-2-methoxyphenolate
    —— 3-[(E)-[(Z)-(3-amino-4-methyl-1,3-thiazol-2-ylidene)hydrazinylidene]methyl]phenol —— C11H12N4OS
    3-[(E)-[(Z)-(3-amino-4-methyl-1,3-thiazol-2-ylidene)hydrazinylidene]methyl]phenol
    —— N'-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzylidene)-2-thiophenecarbohydrazide —— C13H12N2O3S
    N'-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzylidene)-2-thiophenecarbohydrazide
    —— (E)-3-(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-N'-(3-hydroxybenzylidene)propanehydrazide —— C15H18N4O2
    (E)-3-(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-N'-(3-hydroxybenzylidene)propanehydrazide
    —— (5Z)-5-[(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-3-[(3-nitro-6-oxocyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-ylidene)methylamino]-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C17H10N4O7S2
    (5Z)-5-[(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-3-[(3-nitro-6-oxocyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-ylidene)methylamino]-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 4-bromo-N-[(E)-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]benzamide —— C15H13BrN2O3
    4-bromo-N-[(E)-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]benzamide
    —— (4E)-2-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)-4-[1-(2-hydroxy-5-nitroanilino)ethylidene]-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazol-3-one —— C19H12F3N5O4S
    (4E)-2-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)-4-[1-(2-hydroxy-5-nitroanilino)ethylidene]-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazol-3-one
    —— (5Z)-5-[(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)methylidene]-1-prop-2-enyl-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-diazinane-4,6-dione —— C16H16N2O5S
    (5Z)-5-[(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)methylidene]-1-prop-2-enyl-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-diazinane-4,6-dione
    —— 3-{(E)-[(5-amino-1H-tetrazol-1-yl)imino]methyl}phenol —— C8H8N6O
    3-{(E)-[(5-amino-1H-tetrazol-1-yl)imino]methyl}phenol
    —— 5-[(E)-(3-benzylsulfanyl-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)iminomethyl]-2-methoxyphenol —— C17H16N4O2S
    5-[(E)-(3-benzylsulfanyl-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)iminomethyl]-2-methoxyphenol
    —— 2-methoxy-5-({[3-sulfanyl-5-(trifluoromethyl)-4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl]imino}methyl)phenol —— C11H9F3N4O2S
    2-methoxy-5-({[3-sulfanyl-5-(trifluoromethyl)-4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl]imino}methyl)phenol
    —— 4-[(1R,2S,5S,9R)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-8,9-dimethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-2-yl]phenol —— C17H24O3
    4-[(1R,2S,5S,9R)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-8,9-dimethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-2-yl]phenol
    —— (4-Hydroxyanilino)(imino)methanesulfinic acid —— C7H8N2O3S
    (4-Hydroxyanilino)(imino)methanesulfinic acid
    —— 4-[(1S,2S,5S)-5-(Hydroxymethyl)-6,8,9-trimethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.3.1]non-7-EN-2-YL]phenol —— C18H24O3
    4-[(1S,2S,5S)-5-(Hydroxymethyl)-6,8,9-trimethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.3.1]non-7-EN-2-YL]phenol
    —— 2-[(2E,5S)-2-[(Z)-(3-hydroxyphenyl)methylidenehydrazinylidene]-4-oxo-1,3-thiazolidin-5-yl]acetic acid —— C12H11N3O4S
    2-[(2E,5S)-2-[(Z)-(3-hydroxyphenyl)methylidenehydrazinylidene]-4-oxo-1,3-thiazolidin-5-yl]acetic acid
    —— (S)-isoprenaline hydrogen (2R,3R)-tartrate —— C4H6O6*C11H17NO3
    (S)-isoprenaline hydrogen (2R,3R)-tartrate
    —— 1-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-5-methyldecan-3-one —— C18H28O3
    1-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-5-methyldecan-3-one
    —— 1-[(Z)-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-2-nitroguanidine —— C9H11N5O4
    1-[(Z)-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-2-nitroguanidine
    —— 5-Hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)decan-3-one;pyridine-3-carboxylic acid —— C23H31NO6
    5-Hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)decan-3-one;pyridine-3-carboxylic acid
    —— 3,4,5-trihydroxy-N'-[(2-hydroxy-4-oxocyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene)methyl]benzohydrazide —— C14H12N2O6
    3,4,5-trihydroxy-N'-[(2-hydroxy-4-oxocyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene)methyl]benzohydrazide
    —— benzene-1,2-diol;iron;6-[[2-[(6-oxocyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-ylidene)methylamino]anilino]methylidene]cyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one —— C26H22FeN2O4
    benzene-1,2-diol;iron;6-[[2-[(6-oxocyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-ylidene)methylamino]anilino]methylidene]cyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one
    —— (5E)-1-(2-fluorophenyl)-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-diazinane-4,6-dione —— C17H10FN3O5S
    (5E)-1-(2-fluorophenyl)-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-diazinane-4,6-dione
    —— 5-[(3-Bromo-4-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-diazinane-4,6-dione —— C18H12BrN3O6S
    5-[(3-Bromo-4-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-diazinane-4,6-dione
    —— 3,4,5-trihydroxy-N'-[(5-methoxy-6-oxocyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-ylidene)methyl]benzohydrazide —— C15H14N2O6
    3,4,5-trihydroxy-N'-[(5-methoxy-6-oxocyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-ylidene)methyl]benzohydrazide
    —— 2-(3,4-dimethylphenyl)-4-[(2-hydroxy-4-nitroanilino)methylidene]-5-methylpyrazol-3-one —— C19H18N4O4
    2-(3,4-dimethylphenyl)-4-[(2-hydroxy-4-nitroanilino)methylidene]-5-methylpyrazol-3-one
    —— 3,4,5-trihydroxy-N'-[(3-nitro-6-oxocyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-ylidene)methyl]benzohydrazide —— C14H11N3O7
    3,4,5-trihydroxy-N'-[(3-nitro-6-oxocyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-ylidene)methyl]benzohydrazide
    —— 2-(3-chlorophenyl)-4-[(2-hydroxy-3,5-dinitroanilino)methylidene]-5-methylpyrazol-3-one —— C17H12ClN5O6
    2-(3-chlorophenyl)-4-[(2-hydroxy-3,5-dinitroanilino)methylidene]-5-methylpyrazol-3-one
    —— 2-hydroxy-5-nitro-N-[(2-oxo-1-prop-2-enylindol-3-ylidene)amino]benzamide —— C18H14N4O5
    2-hydroxy-5-nitro-N-[(2-oxo-1-prop-2-enylindol-3-ylidene)amino]benzamide
    —— 6-[(2-hydroxy-5-methylanilino)methylidene]-2-methoxycyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one —— C15H15NO3
    6-[(2-hydroxy-5-methylanilino)methylidene]-2-methoxycyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one
    —— 5-(3H-1,3-benzothiazol-2-ylidene)-6-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-4-phenyl-1,6-dihydropyrimidin-2-one —— C24H19N3O3S
    5-(3H-1,3-benzothiazol-2-ylidene)-6-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-4-phenyl-1,6-dihydropyrimidin-2-one
    —— 4-[(2-hydroxy-4-nitroanilino)methylidene]-5-methyl-2-(4-methylphenyl)pyrazol-3-one —— C18H16N4O4
    4-[(2-hydroxy-4-nitroanilino)methylidene]-5-methyl-2-(4-methylphenyl)pyrazol-3-one
    —— 5-[[5-(2-Hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)furan-2-yl]methylidene]-4-methyl-2,6-dioxopyridine-3-carbonitrile —— C18H11N3O6
    5-[[5-(2-Hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)furan-2-yl]methylidene]-4-methyl-2,6-dioxopyridine-3-carbonitrile
    —— 2-(4-bromophenyl)-4-[(2-hydroxy-4-nitroanilino)methylidene]-5-methylpyrazol-3-one —— C17H13BrN4O4
    2-(4-bromophenyl)-4-[(2-hydroxy-4-nitroanilino)methylidene]-5-methylpyrazol-3-one
    —— 5-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-[(3-methoxy-4-oxocyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene)methylamino]-2-phenylimidazol-4-one —— C25H21N3O5
    5-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-[(3-methoxy-4-oxocyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene)methylamino]-2-phenylimidazol-4-one
    —— (5R)-N-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-5-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazole-3-carboxamide —— C18H18N2O3
    (5R)-N-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-5-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazole-3-carboxamide
    —— 7-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2,3-dimethylimidazo[1,2-b][1,2,4]triazin-6-one —— C15H14N4O3
    7-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2,3-dimethylimidazo[1,2-b][1,2,4]triazin-6-one
    —— N-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-2-[5-(1H-indol-3-ylmethylidene)-2,4-dioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]acetamide —— C22H19N3O5S
    N-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-2-[5-(1H-indol-3-ylmethylidene)-2,4-dioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]acetamide
    —— 3-[7-(5-bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)-1,4-thiazepan-5-ylidene]-6-methylpyran-2,4-dione —— C17H16BrNO4S
    3-[7-(5-bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)-1,4-thiazepan-5-ylidene]-6-methylpyran-2,4-dione
    —— 6-[5-[2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)ethenyl]-2-phenyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-ylidene]cyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one —— C23H19N3O3
    6-[5-[2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)ethenyl]-2-phenyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-ylidene]cyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one
    —— 3-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-6,7,8,9-tetrahydroimidazo[1,2-b][1,2,4]benzotriazin-2-one —— C17H16N4O3
    3-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-6,7,8,9-tetrahydroimidazo[1,2-b][1,2,4]benzotriazin-2-one
    —— 3-[(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-6,7,8,9-tetrahydroimidazo[1,2-b][1,2,4]benzotriazin-2-one —— C17H16N4O3
    3-[(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-6,7,8,9-tetrahydroimidazo[1,2-b][1,2,4]benzotriazin-2-one
    —— 2,3-diethyl-7-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]imidazo[1,2-b][1,2,4]triazin-6-one —— C17H18N4O3
    2,3-diethyl-7-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]imidazo[1,2-b][1,2,4]triazin-6-one
    —— 12-[(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-1,2,8,10-tetrazatricyclo[7.3.0.03,7]dodeca-2,7,9-trien-11-one —— C16H14N4O3
    12-[(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-1,2,8,10-tetrazatricyclo[7.3.0.03,7]dodeca-2,7,9-trien-11-one
    —— 2,3-diethyl-7-[(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]imidazo[1,2-b][1,2,4]triazin-6-one —— C17H18N4O3
    2,3-diethyl-7-[(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]imidazo[1,2-b][1,2,4]triazin-6-one