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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 2-[[[(3S)-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-3-yl]methyl-methylamino]methyl]-6-methoxyphenol —— C18H21NO4
    2-[[[(3S)-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-3-yl]methyl-methylamino]methyl]-6-methoxyphenol
    —— (4S)-1-cyclohexyl-4-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-3-methyl-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one —— C20H25N3O3
    (4S)-1-cyclohexyl-4-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-3-methyl-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one
    —— (4R)-1-cyclohexyl-4-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-3-methyl-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one —— C20H25N3O3
    (4R)-1-cyclohexyl-4-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-3-methyl-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one
    —— 2-[[[(3R)-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-3-yl]methyl-methylamino]methyl]-6-methoxyphenol —— C18H21NO4
    2-[[[(3R)-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-3-yl]methyl-methylamino]methyl]-6-methoxyphenol
    —— (4E)-4-[(2-hydroxy-4-nitroanilino)methylidene]-5-methyl-2-(4-methylphenyl)pyrazol-3-one —— C18H16N4O4
    (4E)-4-[(2-hydroxy-4-nitroanilino)methylidene]-5-methyl-2-(4-methylphenyl)pyrazol-3-one
    —— (4E)-4-[(2-hydroxy-5-nitroanilino)methylidene]-5-methyl-2-phenylpyrazol-3-one —— C17H14N4O4
    (4E)-4-[(2-hydroxy-5-nitroanilino)methylidene]-5-methyl-2-phenylpyrazol-3-one
    —— (Z)-5-(3,4-dihydroxybenzylidene)-2-phenylthiazol-4(5H)-one —— C16H11NO3S
    (Z)-5-(3,4-dihydroxybenzylidene)-2-phenylthiazol-4(5H)-one
    —— (4R)-4-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-1,2,4,5-tetrahydropyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one —— C13H13N3O3
    (4R)-4-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-1,2,4,5-tetrahydropyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one
    —— (4S)-4-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-1,2,4,5-tetrahydropyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one —— C13H13N3O3
    (4S)-4-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-1,2,4,5-tetrahydropyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one
    —— (4R)-4-(3-chloro-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-N-methyl-6-oxo-2,4,5,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-3-carboxamide —— C15H15ClN4O4
    (4R)-4-(3-chloro-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-N-methyl-6-oxo-2,4,5,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-3-carboxamide
    —— (4S)-4-(3-chloro-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-N-methyl-6-oxo-2,4,5,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-3-carboxamide —— C15H15ClN4O4
    (4S)-4-(3-chloro-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-N-methyl-6-oxo-2,4,5,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-3-carboxamide
    —— (13S)-13-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-thia-2,7,10-triazatricyclo[6.5.0.02,6]trideca-1(8),3,6-trien-11-one —— C17H17N3O4S
    (13S)-13-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-thia-2,7,10-triazatricyclo[6.5.0.02,6]trideca-1(8),3,6-trien-11-one
    —— (13R)-13-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-thia-2,7,10-triazatricyclo[6.5.0.02,6]trideca-1(8),3,6-trien-11-one —— C17H17N3O4S
    (13R)-13-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-thia-2,7,10-triazatricyclo[6.5.0.02,6]trideca-1(8),3,6-trien-11-one
    —— 2-methoxy-6-[[methyl-[(2S)-2-morpholin-4-ylpropyl]amino]methyl]phenol —— C16H26N2O3
    2-methoxy-6-[[methyl-[(2S)-2-morpholin-4-ylpropyl]amino]methyl]phenol
    —— 2-methoxy-6-[[methyl-[(2R)-2-morpholin-4-ylpropyl]amino]methyl]phenol —— C16H26N2O3
    2-methoxy-6-[[methyl-[(2R)-2-morpholin-4-ylpropyl]amino]methyl]phenol
    —— (8S)-8-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)-2-morpholin-4-yl-4,5,7,8-tetrahydro-[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]azepin-6-one —— C19H23N3O3S
    (8S)-8-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)-2-morpholin-4-yl-4,5,7,8-tetrahydro-[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]azepin-6-one
    —— (8R)-8-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)-2-morpholin-4-yl-4,5,7,8-tetrahydro-[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]azepin-6-one —— C19H23N3O3S
    (8R)-8-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)-2-morpholin-4-yl-4,5,7,8-tetrahydro-[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]azepin-6-one
    —— 4-chloro-2-[(E)-3-[(3R)-3,4-dimethylpiperazin-1-yl]-2-methylprop-1-enyl]phenol —— C16H23ClN2O
    4-chloro-2-[(E)-3-[(3R)-3,4-dimethylpiperazin-1-yl]-2-methylprop-1-enyl]phenol
    —— 4-chloro-2-[(E)-3-[(3S)-3,4-dimethylpiperazin-1-yl]-2-methylprop-1-enyl]phenol —— C16H23ClN2O
    4-chloro-2-[(E)-3-[(3S)-3,4-dimethylpiperazin-1-yl]-2-methylprop-1-enyl]phenol
    —— 2-[[(3R)-3-(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]methyl]-6-methoxyphenol —— C17H23N3O2
    2-[[(3R)-3-(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]methyl]-6-methoxyphenol
    —— 1-[(7S)-7-(3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-5-methyl-4,7-dihydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-6-yl]ethanone —— C15H15BrN4O3
    1-[(7S)-7-(3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-5-methyl-4,7-dihydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-6-yl]ethanone
    —— (8R)-2-(dimethylamino)-8-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-4,5,7,8-tetrahydro-[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]azepin-6-one —— C16H19N3O3S
    (8R)-2-(dimethylamino)-8-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-4,5,7,8-tetrahydro-[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]azepin-6-one
    —— (8R)-2-(dimethylamino)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-prop-2-enylphenyl)-4,5,7,8-tetrahydro-[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]azepin-6-one —— C19H23N3O3S
    (8R)-2-(dimethylamino)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-prop-2-enylphenyl)-4,5,7,8-tetrahydro-[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]azepin-6-one
    —— (8S)-2-(dimethylamino)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-prop-2-enylphenyl)-4,5,7,8-tetrahydro-[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]azepin-6-one —— C19H23N3O3S
    (8S)-2-(dimethylamino)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-prop-2-enylphenyl)-4,5,7,8-tetrahydro-[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]azepin-6-one
    —— (8S)-2-(dimethylamino)-8-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-4,5,7,8-tetrahydro-[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]azepin-6-one —— C16H19N3O3S
    (8S)-2-(dimethylamino)-8-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-4,5,7,8-tetrahydro-[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]azepin-6-one
    —— 3-[(4,5,6,7-Tetrahydro-benzothiazol-2-yl)-hydrazonomethyl]-phenol 7310-14-7 C14H15N3OS
    3-[(4,5,6,7-Tetrahydro-benzothiazol-2-yl)-hydrazonomethyl]-phenol
    —— 3-[(3R)-2,5-diphenyl-3,4-dihydropyrazol-3-yl]phenol —— C21H18N2O
    3-[(3R)-2,5-diphenyl-3,4-dihydropyrazol-3-yl]phenol
    —— 3-[(3S)-2,5-diphenyl-3,4-dihydropyrazol-3-yl]phenol —— C21H18N2O
    3-[(3S)-2,5-diphenyl-3,4-dihydropyrazol-3-yl]phenol
    —— 2-(4-Methoxyphenyl)ethyl 1-benzofuran-2-carboxylate —— C18H16O4
    2-(4-Methoxyphenyl)ethyl 1-benzofuran-2-carboxylate
    —— 2-(4-Methoxyphenyl)ethyl 5-methoxy-3-methyl-1-benzofuran-2-carboxylate —— C20H20O5
    2-(4-Methoxyphenyl)ethyl 5-methoxy-3-methyl-1-benzofuran-2-carboxylate
    —— methyl (5S)-2-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-7-methyl-3-oxo-5-phenyl-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate —— C22H18N2O4S
    methyl (5S)-2-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-7-methyl-3-oxo-5-phenyl-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate
    —— (2R)-2-[4-[(S)-cyano-(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl]-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetonitrile —— C20H20N4O2
    (2R)-2-[4-[(S)-cyano-(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl]-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetonitrile
    —— (2S)-2-[4-[(R)-cyano-(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]piperazine-1,4-diium-1-yl]-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetonitrile —— C20H22N4O2+2
    (2S)-2-[4-[(R)-cyano-(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]piperazine-1,4-diium-1-yl]-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetonitrile
    —— (2S)-2-[4-[(S)-cyano-(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl]-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetonitrile —— C20H20N4O2
    (2S)-2-[4-[(S)-cyano-(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl]-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetonitrile
    —— (2R)-2-[4-[(R)-cyano-(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]piperazine-1,4-diium-1-yl]-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetonitrile —— C20H22N4O2+2
    (2R)-2-[4-[(R)-cyano-(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]piperazine-1,4-diium-1-yl]-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetonitrile
    —— 6-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-2,4-dimethylbenzaldehyde —— C10H12O3
    6-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-2,4-dimethylbenzaldehyde
    —— 2-Hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxy-4,6-dimethylbenzaldehyde —— C11H14O4
    2-Hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxy-4,6-dimethylbenzaldehyde
    —— 2-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-4,5-dimethylbenzaldehyde —— C10H12O3
    2-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-4,5-dimethylbenzaldehyde
    —— 2-Hydroxy-4,6-dimethyl-3,5-dinitrobenzaldehyde —— C9H8N2O6
    2-Hydroxy-4,6-dimethyl-3,5-dinitrobenzaldehyde
    —— 2-[(3S)-2-methylsulfonyl-5-thiophen-2-yl-3,4-dihydropyrazol-3-yl]phenol —— C14H14N2O3S2
    2-[(3S)-2-methylsulfonyl-5-thiophen-2-yl-3,4-dihydropyrazol-3-yl]phenol
    —— 1-[(3S)-3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-5-pyridin-3-yl-3,4-dihydropyrazol-2-yl]ethanone —— C16H15N3O2
    1-[(3S)-3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-5-pyridin-3-yl-3,4-dihydropyrazol-2-yl]ethanone
    —— (E)-2-(4-(furan-2-yl)thiazol-2-yl)-3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)acrylonitrile —— C17H12N2O3S
    (E)-2-(4-(furan-2-yl)thiazol-2-yl)-3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)acrylonitrile
    —— 2-[(5S)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-5-yl]-6-methoxyphenol —— C16H15ClN2O2
    2-[(5S)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-5-yl]-6-methoxyphenol
    —— 1-[(3S)-3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-5-phenyl-3,4-dihydropyrazol-2-yl]propan-1-one —— C18H18N2O2
    1-[(3S)-3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-5-phenyl-3,4-dihydropyrazol-2-yl]propan-1-one
    —— 5-(2-Hydrazinyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)benzene-1,3-diol —— C9H9N3O2S
    5-(2-Hydrazinyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)benzene-1,3-diol
    —— [(2R)-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)butan-2-yl]-(3-propan-2-yloxypropyl)azanium —— C16H28NO2+
    [(2R)-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)butan-2-yl]-(3-propan-2-yloxypropyl)azanium
    —— [(2S)-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)butan-2-yl]-(3-propan-2-yloxypropyl)azanium —— C16H28NO2+
    [(2S)-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)butan-2-yl]-(3-propan-2-yloxypropyl)azanium
    —— 2-Hydroxy-5-isopropyl-3-methoxybenzaldehyde —— C11H14O3
    2-Hydroxy-5-isopropyl-3-methoxybenzaldehyde
    —— 4-(2-Hydrazinylthiazol-4-yl)-2-methoxyphenol —— C10H11N3O2S
    4-(2-Hydrazinylthiazol-4-yl)-2-methoxyphenol
    —— 4-(2-Hydrazinyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-methylphenol —— C10H11N3OS
    4-(2-Hydrazinyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-methylphenol