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有机硫化合物

有机硫化合物是指含有硫原子的有机化合物。这些化合物在自然界中广泛存在,在医药、农药和材料科学等领域有着重要的应用。有机硫化合物因其化学性质独特,在药物设计、合成化学以及材料制备方面扮演着重要角色。

1. 结构与分类

有机硫化合物可以按硫的连接方式分为饱和和不饱和类,如二硫化物、噻吩衍生物、砜等。常见的结构类型有:

  • 二硫化物:含-S-S-键的化合物。
  • 硫醚(Thiols):含有-R-S-H或-R-S-R 基团的化合物。
  • 磺酸酯(Sulfonates)与磺酸盐(Sulfonates):带有-SO3H基团的化合物,广泛应用于合成和制药领域。
  • 噻吩及其衍生物:具有环状结构的有机硫化物。
2. 生物学活性

许多有机硫化合物在生物学上有重要功能或应用潜力。例如:

  • 某些硫醚类药物被用于抗真菌、抗菌以及抗癌治疗。
  • 硫代葡萄糖苷(Glycosinolate)是十字花科植物中的一种天然存在物质,具有生物活性。
3. 合成方法

有机硫化合物可通过多种途径合成:

  • 亲核取代反应:使用含硫试剂与卤化物进行反应。
  • 自由基加成法:采用氧化剂引发自由基形成,通过烯烃与H2S、R-S-H等反应制备。
  • 金属催化转化:利用钯、铜等催化剂促进特定硫化过程。
4. 应用领域

有机硫化合物的应用广泛:

  • 医药领域:用于开发抗菌剂、抗病毒药物及抗癌药物等。
  • 农学研究:某些有机硫化合物作为生物农药的有效成分,能够抑制病害的发生。
  • 材料科学与技术:在导电聚合物和塑料添加剂中有重要应用。
5. 环境与安全性

尽管有机硫化合物具有许多潜在益处,但其生产和使用也可能对环境造成影响。因此,在设计和合成这些化合物时需要考虑可持续性和环保性因素。

以上是对有机硫化合物的简单介绍,包括它们的结构、生物学活性、合成方法及其应用领域等基本信息。

中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
—— (3-bromophenyl)(cyclopropyl)sulfane 1280786-81-3 C9H9BrS
(3-bromophenyl)(cyclopropyl)sulfane
—— (Z)-2-chloro-3,3-dimethyl-1-methylthiobut-1-ene 83759-17-5 C7H13ClS
(Z)-2-chloro-3,3-dimethyl-1-methylthiobut-1-ene
—— 1-chloro-2-methylsulfanyl-propane 19826-02-9 C4H9ClS
1-chloro-2-methylsulfanyl-propane
—— methanesulfenic acid pentyl ester 13882-07-0 C6H14OS
methanesulfenic acid pentyl ester
—— 2-methylsulfanyl-heptanal 35809-42-8 C8H16OS
2-methylsulfanyl-heptanal
—— fluoromethyl-methyl-disulfane 60307-49-5 C2H5FS2
fluoromethyl-methyl-disulfane
—— 4-butylsulfanyl-but-1-en-3-yne 33618-65-4 C8H12S
4-butylsulfanyl-but-1-en-3-yne
—— 1-Aethylthio-buten-3-in-1. 14272-36-7 C6H8S
1-Aethylthio-buten-3-in-1.
—— trans-1-Fluoro-2-(methylthio)cyclooctane 75825-93-3 C9H17FS
trans-1-Fluoro-2-(methylthio)cyclooctane
—— 4-Brom-2-methylmercapto-phenol 89677-55-4 C7H7BrOS
4-Brom-2-methylmercapto-phenol
—— methyl 2,4-dimethylphenyl sulphide 34678-67-6 C9H12S
methyl 2,4-dimethylphenyl sulphide
—— ethyl di(methylthio)malonate 69363-91-3 C9H16O4S2
ethyl di(methylthio)malonate
—— 1,4-bis-methylsulfanyl-but-2-ene 437652-61-4 C6H12S2
1,4-bis-methylsulfanyl-but-2-ene
—— 4-Chloro-2-(Methylthio)-Phenol 23385-53-7 C7H7ClOS
4-Chloro-2-(Methylthio)-Phenol
—— 2,2-bis(methylthio)dimedone 79255-37-1 C10H16O2S2
2,2-bis(methylthio)dimedone
—— 4-propylsulfanylbut-1-en-3-yne 38429-52-6 C7H10S
4-propylsulfanylbut-1-en-3-yne
—— 1-methylsulfanyl-cyclohexanecarboxaldehyde 181060-03-7 C8H14OS
1-methylsulfanyl-cyclohexanecarboxaldehyde
—— 1-(Methylsulfinyl)octa-1,2-diene 136022-06-5 C9H16OS
1-(Methylsulfinyl)octa-1,2-diene
—— (<i>E</i>)-2-chloro-1-methylsulfanyl-propene 15893-18-2 C4H7ClS
(<i>E</i>)-2-chloro-1-methylsulfanyl-propene
—— 1-methyl-2,3,4,5-tetramethylthiopyrrole 136506-36-0 C9H15NS4
1-methyl-2,3,4,5-tetramethylthiopyrrole
—— Triisopropyl-trifluoromethanesulfonylethynyl-silane 196789-82-9 C12H21F3O2SSi
Triisopropyl-trifluoromethanesulfonylethynyl-silane
—— bis-(2-chloro-1-methylsulfanyl-ethyl) sulfone 66754-23-2 C6H12Cl2O2S3
bis-(2-chloro-1-methylsulfanyl-ethyl) sulfone
—— 1-(methylthio)cyclopenta-2,4-diene 124412-11-9 C6H8S
1-(methylthio)cyclopenta-2,4-diene
—— 1-chloro-2-methylsulphonyl-2-methylthioethane 20444-21-7 C4H9ClO2S2
1-chloro-2-methylsulphonyl-2-methylthioethane
—— 4-Methoxy-3-methylsulfanylpyridine 118006-06-7 C7H9NOS
4-Methoxy-3-methylsulfanylpyridine
—— 1-(Methylsulfinyl)-<1-(2)H>octa-1,2-diene 146916-52-1 C9H16OS
1-(Methylsulfinyl)-<1-(2)H>octa-1,2-diene
—— (2-chloro-4-methoxypyridin-3-yl)-bis-[2-(methylsulfayl)pyrimidin-4-yl]methyl acetate 864229-50-5 C19H18ClN5O3S2
(2-chloro-4-methoxypyridin-3-yl)-bis-[2-(methylsulfayl)pyrimidin-4-yl]methyl acetate
—— 1-(Methylsulfinyl)buta-1,2-diene 136022-05-4 C5H8OS
1-(Methylsulfinyl)buta-1,2-diene
—— 1-[3'-phenylthio-2'-hydroxypropyl]imidazole 104792-77-0 C12H14N2OS
1-[3'-phenylthio-2'-hydroxypropyl]imidazole
—— 1-dimethylamino-2,3,4,5-tetramethylthiopyrrole 136506-37-1 C10H18N2S4
1-dimethylamino-2,3,4,5-tetramethylthiopyrrole
—— 2-chloro-1-methylthioisobutane 13012-55-0 C5H11ClS
2-chloro-1-methylthioisobutane
—— 1-chloro-3-methyl-2-methylsulfanyl-butane 19826-05-2 C6H13ClS
1-chloro-3-methyl-2-methylsulfanyl-butane
—— 1-chloro-2-methyl-thioisobutane 19826-04-1 C5H11ClS
1-chloro-2-methyl-thioisobutane
—— (2-chloro-4-methoxypyridin-3-yl)-bis-[2-(methylsulfayl)pyrimidin-4-yl]methanol 388573-30-6 C17H16ClN5O2S2
(2-chloro-4-methoxypyridin-3-yl)-bis-[2-(methylsulfayl)pyrimidin-4-yl]methanol
—— 1-(2-chloroethyl)-2,3,4,5-tetramethylthiopyrrole 136506-38-2 C10H16ClNS4
1-(2-chloroethyl)-2,3,4,5-tetramethylthiopyrrole
—— 3-chloro-2-methylsulfanyl-propene 15893-05-7 C4H7ClS
3-chloro-2-methylsulfanyl-propene
—— 2-cyclopropyl-1-{5-[(cyclopropylmethyl)thio]-4-methyl-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl}ethanamine 917383-10-9 C12H20N4S
2-cyclopropyl-1-{5-[(cyclopropylmethyl)thio]-4-methyl-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl}ethanamine
—— allyl(2-thiophene)sulfide 33892-56-7 C7H8S2
allyl(2-thiophene)sulfide
—— N-hydroxy-2-(4-methyl-5-thiophen-2-yl-4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-ylsulfanyl)-acetamidine 660422-98-0 C9H11N5OS2
N-hydroxy-2-(4-methyl-5-thiophen-2-yl-4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-ylsulfanyl)-acetamidine
—— 2-benzylthio-1,3-thiazole 15545-32-1 C10H9NS2
2-benzylthio-1,3-thiazole
—— 2-(benzylthio)oxazole 1192415-62-5 C10H9NOS
2-(benzylthio)oxazole
—— dimethyl-[1-methyl-3-[(E)-2-phenylsulfanylethenyl]cyclohex-3-en-1-yl]-phenylsilane 245657-04-9 C23H28SSi
dimethyl-[1-methyl-3-[(E)-2-phenylsulfanylethenyl]cyclohex-3-en-1-yl]-phenylsilane
—— 6-(4-bromophenyl)-3-methyl-7H-[1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-b]-[1,3,4]thiadiazine 54025-92-2 C11H9BrN4S
6-(4-bromophenyl)-3-methyl-7H-[1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-b]-[1,3,4]thiadiazine
—— 2-bromo-4-(phenylthio)phenol 1421690-02-9 C12H9BrOS
2-bromo-4-(phenylthio)phenol
—— 3-bromocyclohexenone 1,2-ethanediyl dithioketal 81770-76-5 C8H11BrS2
3-bromocyclohexenone 1,2-ethanediyl dithioketal
—— 3-(4-chloro-butylsulfanyl)-propene 68013-89-8 C7H13ClS
3-(4-chloro-butylsulfanyl)-propene
—— 5-chloro-6-methyl-2-(methylthio)pyrimidin-4(3H)-one 6328-59-2 C6H7ClN2OS
5-chloro-6-methyl-2-(methylthio)pyrimidin-4(3H)-one
—— thioformohydroxamic acid 85905-55-1 CH3NOS
thioformohydroxamic acid
—— tert-butyl 4-(3-bromophenylthio)-5-oxoazepane-1-carboxylate 1613402-13-3 C17H22BrNO3S
tert-butyl 4-(3-bromophenylthio)-5-oxoazepane-1-carboxylate
—— tert-Butyl 3-(3-bromophenylthio)-4-oxoazepane-1-carboxylate 1613400-85-3 C17H22BrNO3S
tert-Butyl 3-(3-bromophenylthio)-4-oxoazepane-1-carboxylate