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有机硫化合物

有机硫化合物是指含有硫原子的有机化合物。这些化合物在自然界中广泛存在,在医药、农药和材料科学等领域有着重要的应用。有机硫化合物因其化学性质独特,在药物设计、合成化学以及材料制备方面扮演着重要角色。

1. 结构与分类

有机硫化合物可以按硫的连接方式分为饱和和不饱和类,如二硫化物、噻吩衍生物、砜等。常见的结构类型有:

  • 二硫化物:含-S-S-键的化合物。
  • 硫醚(Thiols):含有-R-S-H或-R-S-R 基团的化合物。
  • 磺酸酯(Sulfonates)与磺酸盐(Sulfonates):带有-SO3H基团的化合物,广泛应用于合成和制药领域。
  • 噻吩及其衍生物:具有环状结构的有机硫化物。
2. 生物学活性

许多有机硫化合物在生物学上有重要功能或应用潜力。例如:

  • 某些硫醚类药物被用于抗真菌、抗菌以及抗癌治疗。
  • 硫代葡萄糖苷(Glycosinolate)是十字花科植物中的一种天然存在物质,具有生物活性。
3. 合成方法

有机硫化合物可通过多种途径合成:

  • 亲核取代反应:使用含硫试剂与卤化物进行反应。
  • 自由基加成法:采用氧化剂引发自由基形成,通过烯烃与H2S、R-S-H等反应制备。
  • 金属催化转化:利用钯、铜等催化剂促进特定硫化过程。
4. 应用领域

有机硫化合物的应用广泛:

  • 医药领域:用于开发抗菌剂、抗病毒药物及抗癌药物等。
  • 农学研究:某些有机硫化合物作为生物农药的有效成分,能够抑制病害的发生。
  • 材料科学与技术:在导电聚合物和塑料添加剂中有重要应用。
5. 环境与安全性

尽管有机硫化合物具有许多潜在益处,但其生产和使用也可能对环境造成影响。因此,在设计和合成这些化合物时需要考虑可持续性和环保性因素。

以上是对有机硫化合物的简单介绍,包括它们的结构、生物学活性、合成方法及其应用领域等基本信息。

中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
—— O-[2-(4'-chlorophenylthio)-5-chlorophenyl] O-ethyl S-n-propyl phosphorothiolate 59010-94-5 C17H19Cl2O3PS2
O-[2-(4'-chlorophenylthio)-5-chlorophenyl] O-ethyl S-n-propyl phosphorothiolate
—— 2'-propylthio-1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-phenylpropan-2-ol 1456629-10-9 C12H12F6OS
2'-propylthio-1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-phenylpropan-2-ol
—— Propyl thiohypobromite 99123-02-1 C3H7BrS
Propyl thiohypobromite
—— 1-propyl sec-butyl disulfide 59849-54-6 C7H16S2
1-propyl sec-butyl disulfide
—— propylthiotetramethylcyclopentadienylsodium 192656-64-7 C12H19S*Na
propylthiotetramethylcyclopentadienylsodium
—— cyclohexanesulfonyl-acetone 856081-36-2 C9H16O3S
cyclohexanesulfonyl-acetone
—— Disulfide, pentyl propyl 67727-99-5 C8H18S2
Disulfide, pentyl propyl
—— propyl isobutyl disulfide 72437-65-1 C7H16S2
propyl isobutyl disulfide
—— (2,2-dimethyl-propyl)-propyl-disulfane 72437-62-8 C8H18S2
(2,2-dimethyl-propyl)-propyl-disulfane
—— 4-(methylthio)-1,3-dithiole-2-thione 49687-08-3 C4H4S4
4-(methylthio)-1,3-dithiole-2-thione
—— ethyl-thiocarbamic acid <i>S</i>-propyl ester 39078-38-1 C6H13NOS
ethyl-thiocarbamic acid <i>S</i>-propyl ester
—— Isopentyl propyl disulfide 72437-66-2 C8H18S2
Isopentyl propyl disulfide
—— bis [4-[(ethoxy)(propylthio)phosphoryloxy]phenyl]sulfide 91829-22-0 C22H32O6P2S3
bis [4-[(ethoxy)(propylthio)phosphoryloxy]phenyl]sulfide
—— 2,4-dimethyl-4-(phenylthio)-2-pentene 61499-90-9 C13H18S
2,4-dimethyl-4-(phenylthio)-2-pentene
—— 1,3-dimethyl-5-propylthiouracil 120289-79-4 C9H14N2O2S
1,3-dimethyl-5-propylthiouracil
—— 5-[6-chloro-2-methyl-1-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl]-nicotinic acid 1415474-12-2 C19H15ClN4O2S
5-[6-chloro-2-methyl-1-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl]-nicotinic acid
—— 3-bromo-4-(propylthio)thiophene 89265-38-3 C7H9BrS2
3-bromo-4-(propylthio)thiophene
—— 3-(3-Pentinylthio)methylpyridiniumdicyanmethylid-S,S-dioxid 149034-01-5 C14H13N3O2S
3-(3-Pentinylthio)methylpyridiniumdicyanmethylid-S,S-dioxid
—— thiouronium dicyanomethylide 2319-22-4 C4H4N4S
thiouronium dicyanomethylide
—— 2-methoxy-3-(propylthio)-4-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine 219715-33-0 C10H12F3NOS
2-methoxy-3-(propylthio)-4-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine
—— 2-chloro-5-propylsulfenylpyrimidine 144708-08-7 C7H9ClN2S
2-chloro-5-propylsulfenylpyrimidine
—— 3-(3-Butinylthio)methylpyridiniumdicyanmethylid-S,S-dioxid 149034-00-4 C13H11N3O2S
3-(3-Butinylthio)methylpyridiniumdicyanmethylid-S,S-dioxid
—— N,N-dimethyl-4-(propylthio)aniline 91341-32-1 C11H17NS
N,N-dimethyl-4-(propylthio)aniline
—— 1,1-bis-methanesulfonyl-1-methylsulfanyl-ethane 502145-21-3 C5H12O4S3
1,1-bis-methanesulfonyl-1-methylsulfanyl-ethane
—— dipropyl pentasulfide 86808-17-5 C6H14S5
dipropyl pentasulfide
—— tris-propylsulfanyl-methane 59969-91-4 C10H22S3
tris-propylsulfanyl-methane
—— (Z,Z)-bis-(1-propenyl) sulfide 37981-36-5 C6H10S
(Z,Z)-bis-(1-propenyl) sulfide
—— 5-[1'-(Phenylsulfanyl)cyclohexyl]pentane-1,5-diol 174784-13-5 C17H26O2S
5-[1'-(Phenylsulfanyl)cyclohexyl]pentane-1,5-diol
—— 5-(6-chloro-2-methyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-nicotinic acid methyl ester 1415474-30-4 C16H13ClN2O2S
5-(6-chloro-2-methyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-nicotinic acid methyl ester
—— sec-butyl isobutyl sulfide 16900-02-0 C8H18S
sec-butyl isobutyl sulfide
—— 5-[6-chloro-2-methyl-1-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl]-nicotinic acid methyl ester 1415474-31-5 C20H17ClN4O2S
5-[6-chloro-2-methyl-1-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl]-nicotinic acid methyl ester
—— 5-(1-benzyl-6-chloro-2-methyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-nicotinic acid 1415474-11-1 C22H17ClN2O2S
5-(1-benzyl-6-chloro-2-methyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-nicotinic acid
—— 5-(6-chloro-2-methyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-nicotinic acid 1415474-10-0 C15H11ClN2O2S
5-(6-chloro-2-methyl-1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-nicotinic acid
—— S,S'-(2-thioxo-1,3-dithiole-4,5-diyl) diethanethioate 72018-81-6 C7H6O2S5
S,S'-(2-thioxo-1,3-dithiole-4,5-diyl) diethanethioate
—— 2-sek-Butyl-2-(methylthio)thiolan 140696-71-5 C9H18S2
2-sek-Butyl-2-(methylthio)thiolan
—— 1-phenylthio-1-tributylstannyl-1-trimethylsilylethane 105494-79-9 C23H44SSiSn
1-phenylthio-1-tributylstannyl-1-trimethylsilylethane
—— <i>sec</i>-butyl-cyclohexyl sulfide 7133-22-4 C10H20S
<i>sec</i>-butyl-cyclohexyl sulfide
—— 1-ethylsulfanyl-but-1-yne 24298-52-0 C6H10S
1-ethylsulfanyl-but-1-yne
—— o-Hydroxyphenyl-sec-butylsulfid 29549-64-2 C10H14OS
o-Hydroxyphenyl-sec-butylsulfid
—— ethyl-hexadecyl-methyl sulfonium ; iodide 65955-44-4 C19H41S*I
ethyl-hexadecyl-methyl sulfonium ; iodide
—— bis-methanesulfonyl-methylsulfanyl-methane 6543-74-4 C4H10O4S3
bis-methanesulfonyl-methylsulfanyl-methane
—— 3,5-Bis(phenylthio)pyridine 2973-87-7 C17H13NS2
3,5-Bis(phenylthio)pyridine
—— 3-phenylthio-3-trimethylsilylheptane 85969-76-2 C16H28SSi
3-phenylthio-3-trimethylsilylheptane
—— (<i>Z</i>)-2-methyl-1-methylsulfanyl-but-1-ene 52101-06-1 C6H12S
(<i>Z</i>)-2-methyl-1-methylsulfanyl-but-1-ene
—— 5-ethyl-2-secbutylsulfanyl-4-secbutyloxy-6-{3-[(5-ethyl-2-secbutylsulfanyl-4-secbutyloxy-pyrimidin-4(1H,3H)-yl)methyl]benzyl}pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-one 938183-92-7 C32H46N4O2S2
5-ethyl-2-secbutylsulfanyl-4-secbutyloxy-6-{3-[(5-ethyl-2-secbutylsulfanyl-4-secbutyloxy-pyrimidin-4(1H,3H)-yl)methyl]benzyl}pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-one
—— methyl-prop-1-ynyl-disulfane 42070-54-2 C4H6S2
methyl-prop-1-ynyl-disulfane
—— s-butyl thiocyanate 25414-89-5 C5H9NS
s-butyl thiocyanate
—— 2,6-Dimethyl-4-thia-2,5-heptadien 52444-06-1 C8H14S
2,6-Dimethyl-4-thia-2,5-heptadien
—— trimethyl-[2-(2-trimethylsilylethyldisulfanyl)ethyl]silane 51231-40-4 C10H26S2Si2
trimethyl-[2-(2-trimethylsilylethyldisulfanyl)ethyl]silane
—— methylsulfanyl propanedithioate 72873-45-1 C4H8S3
methylsulfanyl propanedithioate