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有机硫化合物

有机硫化合物是指含有硫原子的有机化合物。这些化合物在自然界中广泛存在,在医药、农药和材料科学等领域有着重要的应用。有机硫化合物因其化学性质独特,在药物设计、合成化学以及材料制备方面扮演着重要角色。

1. 结构与分类

有机硫化合物可以按硫的连接方式分为饱和和不饱和类,如二硫化物、噻吩衍生物、砜等。常见的结构类型有:

  • 二硫化物:含-S-S-键的化合物。
  • 硫醚(Thiols):含有-R-S-H或-R-S-R 基团的化合物。
  • 磺酸酯(Sulfonates)与磺酸盐(Sulfonates):带有-SO3H基团的化合物,广泛应用于合成和制药领域。
  • 噻吩及其衍生物:具有环状结构的有机硫化物。
2. 生物学活性

许多有机硫化合物在生物学上有重要功能或应用潜力。例如:

  • 某些硫醚类药物被用于抗真菌、抗菌以及抗癌治疗。
  • 硫代葡萄糖苷(Glycosinolate)是十字花科植物中的一种天然存在物质,具有生物活性。
3. 合成方法

有机硫化合物可通过多种途径合成:

  • 亲核取代反应:使用含硫试剂与卤化物进行反应。
  • 自由基加成法:采用氧化剂引发自由基形成,通过烯烃与H2S、R-S-H等反应制备。
  • 金属催化转化:利用钯、铜等催化剂促进特定硫化过程。
4. 应用领域

有机硫化合物的应用广泛:

  • 医药领域:用于开发抗菌剂、抗病毒药物及抗癌药物等。
  • 农学研究:某些有机硫化合物作为生物农药的有效成分,能够抑制病害的发生。
  • 材料科学与技术:在导电聚合物和塑料添加剂中有重要应用。
5. 环境与安全性

尽管有机硫化合物具有许多潜在益处,但其生产和使用也可能对环境造成影响。因此,在设计和合成这些化合物时需要考虑可持续性和环保性因素。

以上是对有机硫化合物的简单介绍,包括它们的结构、生物学活性、合成方法及其应用领域等基本信息。

中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
—— 2-acetylamino-5-(pyridin-3-ylthio)thiazole 133692-00-9 C10H9N3OS2
2-acetylamino-5-(pyridin-3-ylthio)thiazole
—— 2-(3-bromo-thien-2-ylthio)-N-methyl-N-methoxy-valeramide 133209-59-3 C11H16BrNO2S2
2-(3-bromo-thien-2-ylthio)-N-methyl-N-methoxy-valeramide
—— methyl 2-((4-hydroxyphenyl)thio)-2-methylpropanoate 566189-18-2 C11H14O3S
methyl 2-((4-hydroxyphenyl)thio)-2-methylpropanoate
—— 2-amino-5-(2-imidazolylthio)thiazole 133691-96-0 C6H6N4S2
2-amino-5-(2-imidazolylthio)thiazole
—— methyl 2-(3-hydroxyphenylthio)isobutyrate 566189-20-6 C11H14O3S
methyl 2-(3-hydroxyphenylthio)isobutyrate
—— Methyl 2-[(3-aminophenyl)sulfanyl]-2-methylpropanoate 1191413-24-7 C11H15NO2S
Methyl 2-[(3-aminophenyl)sulfanyl]-2-methylpropanoate
—— 6-Benzyl-5-chloro-1-[(4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-3-phenylsulfanylpyrazin-2-one 1015098-10-8 C25H21ClN2O2S
6-Benzyl-5-chloro-1-[(4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-3-phenylsulfanylpyrazin-2-one
—— 2-(3-bromo-thien-2-ylthio)-4-methoxy-2-methyl-N-methoxy-N-methyl butyramide 133209-60-6 C12H18BrNO3S2
2-(3-bromo-thien-2-ylthio)-4-methoxy-2-methyl-N-methoxy-N-methyl butyramide
—— Ethanamine, 2,2a(2)-dithiobis[N-ethyl- 4432-79-5 C8H20N2S2
Ethanamine, 2,2a(2)-dithiobis[N-ethyl-
—— 5-Chloro-6-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1-[(4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-3-phenylsulfanylpyrazin-2-one 1015098-09-5 C25H21ClN2O3S
5-Chloro-6-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1-[(4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-3-phenylsulfanylpyrazin-2-one
—— 2-(4-methylsulfonylphenylthio)phenylacetic acid 16185-17-4 C15H14O4S2
2-(4-methylsulfonylphenylthio)phenylacetic acid
—— 5,5'-(propane-1,3-diyldisulfanediyl)bis(1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-amine) 98335-62-7 C7H10N6S4
5,5'-(propane-1,3-diyldisulfanediyl)bis(1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-amine)
—— 2-((3-bromopropyl)thio)thiophene 934536-26-2 C7H9BrS2
2-((3-bromopropyl)thio)thiophene
—— (3-bromopropyl)(2-chlorophenyl)sulfane 349671-89-2 C9H10BrClS
(3-bromopropyl)(2-chlorophenyl)sulfane
—— N,N'-Bis(dimethylphosphino)-S,S-diethylsulfodiimid 66435-87-8 C8H22N2P2S
N,N'-Bis(dimethylphosphino)-S,S-diethylsulfodiimid
—— allyl-thiocarbamic acid <i>S</i>-ethyl ester 39078-66-5 C6H11NOS
allyl-thiocarbamic acid <i>S</i>-ethyl ester
—— N,N'-Bis(dimethylphosphino)-S,S-dimethylsulfodiimid 35390-99-9 C6H18N2P2S
N,N'-Bis(dimethylphosphino)-S,S-dimethylsulfodiimid
—— S-Ethyl methyl(2-methylprop-2-en-1-yl)carbamothioate 67189-62-2 C8H15NOS
S-Ethyl methyl(2-methylprop-2-en-1-yl)carbamothioate
—— 3-bromophenyl-(3-bromopropyl)sulfide 1338795-86-0 C9H10Br2S
3-bromophenyl-(3-bromopropyl)sulfide
—— S-ethyl 2,2-dinitropropyl thiolcarbonate 71674-17-4 C6H10N2O6S
S-ethyl 2,2-dinitropropyl thiolcarbonate
—— 2,2'-(propane-1,3-diylbis(sulfanediyl))bis(4,6-dimethylnicotinonitrile) 532964-77-5 C19H20N4S2
2,2'-(propane-1,3-diylbis(sulfanediyl))bis(4,6-dimethylnicotinonitrile)
—— t-butoxy-S-ethyl thiocarbonate 35363-45-2 C7H14O2S
t-butoxy-S-ethyl thiocarbonate
—— prop-2-ynyl-propyl-thiocarbamic acid <i>S</i>-ethyl ester 59300-32-2 C9H15NOS
prop-2-ynyl-propyl-thiocarbamic acid <i>S</i>-ethyl ester
—— 2,2,2-Trichloroethyl ethylsulfanylformate 71674-20-9 C5H7Cl3O2S
2,2,2-Trichloroethyl ethylsulfanylformate
—— ethyl-propyl-thiocarbamic acid <i>S</i>-ethyl ester 88461-36-3 C8H17NOS
ethyl-propyl-thiocarbamic acid <i>S</i>-ethyl ester
—— S-ethyl 2-(trimethylsilyl)ethyl thiocarbonate 154876-19-4 C8H18O2SSi
S-ethyl 2-(trimethylsilyl)ethyl thiocarbonate
—— hexyl-thiocarbamic acid <i>S</i>-ethyl ester 65497-91-8 C9H19NOS
hexyl-thiocarbamic acid <i>S</i>-ethyl ester
—— pentyl-thiocarbamic acid <i>S</i>-ethyl ester 98486-84-1 C8H17NOS
pentyl-thiocarbamic acid <i>S</i>-ethyl ester
—— S-ethyl 2,2,2-trinitroethyl thiolcarbonate 71674-15-2 C5H7N3O8S
S-ethyl 2,2,2-trinitroethyl thiolcarbonate
—— butyl-propyl-thiocarbamic acid <i>S</i>-ethyl ester 99863-42-0 C10H21NOS
butyl-propyl-thiocarbamic acid <i>S</i>-ethyl ester
—— 2,8-dimethyl-3,7-dithianonane 4911-45-9 C9H20S2
2,8-dimethyl-3,7-dithianonane
—— (4-bromophenyl)(3-bromopropyl)sulfane 1098359-04-6 C9H10Br2S
(4-bromophenyl)(3-bromopropyl)sulfane
—— 6,10-dithiapentadecane 140221-17-6 C13H28S2
6,10-dithiapentadecane
—— bis(2-morpholino-4-phenyl-5-thiazolyl) sulfide 141266-18-4 C26H26N4O2S3
bis(2-morpholino-4-phenyl-5-thiazolyl) sulfide
—— 3-(4-fluorophenylthio)propyl bromide 104605-77-8 C9H10BrFS
3-(4-fluorophenylthio)propyl bromide
—— <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>-dimethyl-4-trichloromethylsulfanyl-aniline 500700-75-4 C9H10Cl3NS
<i>N</i>,<i>N</i>-dimethyl-4-trichloromethylsulfanyl-aniline
—— Trichlormethyl-(4-dimethylamino-2-methyl-phenyl)-sulfid 91799-69-8 C10H12Cl3NS
Trichlormethyl-(4-dimethylamino-2-methyl-phenyl)-sulfid
—— 6-phenylsulfide-2,3-diaminopyridine 138650-02-9 C11H11N3S
6-phenylsulfide-2,3-diaminopyridine
—— Allylxanthogensaeure 6790-94-9 C4H6OS2
Allylxanthogensaeure
—— 5-Ethylsulfanyl-1-(2-trimethylsilylethoxymethyl)pyrimidine-2,4-dione 199444-39-8 C12H22N2O3SSi
5-Ethylsulfanyl-1-(2-trimethylsilylethoxymethyl)pyrimidine-2,4-dione
—— dithiocarbonic acid <i>O</i>-isopentyl ester 2540-36-5 C6H12OS2
dithiocarbonic acid <i>O</i>-isopentyl ester
—— Methanthiosulfonsaeure-<i>S</i>-trichlormethylester 2043-84-7 C2H3Cl3O2S2
Methanthiosulfonsaeure-<i>S</i>-trichlormethylester
—— Dioctyl trithiocarbonate 89622-57-1 C17H34S3
Dioctyl trithiocarbonate
—— Bis[(2-methylphenyl)sulfanyl]methanethione 94138-05-3 C15H14S3
Bis[(2-methylphenyl)sulfanyl]methanethione
—— O-Ethyl S-Methyl Thiocarbonate 14919-12-1 C4H8O2S
O-Ethyl S-Methyl Thiocarbonate
—— 1,3-diheptyl-2-ethyl isothiourea 58363-69-2 C17H36N2S
1,3-diheptyl-2-ethyl isothiourea
—— 2,5-Bis(phenylsulfanyl)-1,3a,6,6a-tetrahydropentalene 139462-73-0 C20H18S2
2,5-Bis(phenylsulfanyl)-1,3a,6,6a-tetrahydropentalene
—— S-ethyl O-methyl carbonate 38103-96-7 C4H8O2S
S-ethyl O-methyl carbonate
—— 3-(2-cyclopropyl-2-(2-(phenylthio)phenyl)acetyl)oxazolidin-2-one 1622424-52-5 C20H19NO3S
3-(2-cyclopropyl-2-(2-(phenylthio)phenyl)acetyl)oxazolidin-2-one
—— 2-(isobutylthio)phenol 29549-65-3 C10H14OS
2-(isobutylthio)phenol