酚类是一大类化合物,它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基(-OH)直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中,并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。
结构与分类酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同,可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类:
酚类可以通过多种途径制备:
尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景,但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。
以上是对酚类的简单介绍,涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
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—— | (2R,10R)-2-(5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)-6,13-dimethyl-11,13,15-triazatetracyclo[8.7.0.03,8.011,15]heptadeca-1(17),3(8),5-triene-4,7,12,14-tetrone | —— | C22H18ClN3O5 |
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—— | (2S,10R)-6-bromo-2-[2-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)ethenyl]-13-methyl-11,13,15-triazatetracyclo[8.7.0.03,8.011,15]heptadeca-1(17),3(8),5-triene-4,7,12,14-tetrone | —— | C25H22BrN3O7 |
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—— | (2R,10R)-2-(2-hydroxy-6-methoxyphenyl)-6,13-dimethyl-11,13,15-triazatetracyclo[8.7.0.03,8.011,15]heptadeca-1(17),3(8),5-triene-4,7,12,14-tetrone | —— | C23H21N3O6 |
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—— | (2R,10R)-6-bromo-2-[2-hydroxy-5-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-13-methyl-11,13,15-triazatetracyclo[8.7.0.03,8.011,15]heptadeca-1(17),3(8),5-triene-4,7,12,14-tetrone | —— | C22H15BrF3N3O6 |
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—— | (2R,10R)-6-bromo-2-(4-hydroxy-2,6-dimethoxyphenyl)-13-methyl-11,13,15-triazatetracyclo[8.7.0.03,8.011,15]heptadeca-1(17),3(8),5-triene-4,7,12,14-tetrone | —— | C23H20BrN3O7 |
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—— | (2R,10R)-6-bromo-2-(2-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)-13-methyl-11,13,15-triazatetracyclo[8.7.0.03,8.011,15]heptadeca-1(17),3(8),5-triene-4,7,12,14-tetrone | —— | C22H18BrN3O5 |
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—— | (2R,10R)-6-bromo-2-(4-hydroxy-2-methoxyphenyl)-13-methyl-11,13,15-triazatetracyclo[8.7.0.03,8.011,15]heptadeca-1(17),3(8),5-triene-4,7,12,14-tetrone | —— | C22H18BrN3O6 |
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—— | (2R,10R)-6-bromo-2-(5-bromo-2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-13-methyl-11,13,15-triazatetracyclo[8.7.0.03,8.011,15]heptadeca-1(17),3(8),5-triene-4,7,12,14-tetrone | —— | C22H17Br2N3O6 |
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—— | (2S,10R)-2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-6,13-dimethyl-11,13,15-triazatetracyclo[8.7.0.03,8.011,15]heptadeca-1(17),3(8),5-triene-4,7,12,14-tetrone | —— | C22H19N3O5 |
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—— | (2S,10R)-2-[2-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)ethenyl]-6,13-dimethyl-11,13,15-triazatetracyclo[8.7.0.03,8.011,15]heptadeca-1(17),3(8),5-triene-4,7,12,14-tetrone | —— | C26H25N3O7 |
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—— | (2R,10R)-2-(2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethoxyphenyl)-6,13-dimethyl-11,13,15-triazatetracyclo[8.7.0.03,8.011,15]heptadeca-1(17),3(8),5-triene-4,7,12,14-tetrone | —— | C24H23N3O7 |
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—— | (2S,10R)-6-bromo-2-(2-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-13-methyl-11,13,15-triazatetracyclo[8.7.0.03,8.011,15]heptadeca-1(17),3(8),5-triene-4,7,12,14-tetrone | —— | C21H15BrClN3O5 |
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—— | (2S,10R)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-6,13-dimethyl-11,13,15-triazatetracyclo[8.7.0.03,8.011,15]heptadeca-1(17),3(8),5-triene-4,7,12,14-tetrone | —— | C22H19N3O5 |
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—— | (1S)-1-[2-methoxy-5-(2-methoxyethyl)phenyl]ethane-1,2-diamine | —— | C12H20N2O2 |
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—— | (2S,10R)-2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-6,13-dimethyl-11,13,15-triazatetracyclo[8.7.0.03,8.011,15]heptadeca-1(17),3(8),5-triene-4,7,12,14-tetrone | —— | C23H21N3O6 |
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—— | (2S,10R)-2-(2-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-6,13-dimethyl-11,13,15-triazatetracyclo[8.7.0.03,8.011,15]heptadeca-1(17),3(8),5-triene-4,7,12,14-tetrone | —— | C22H18ClN3O5 |
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—— | (2S,10R)-2-(3-chloro-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-6,13-dimethyl-11,13,15-triazatetracyclo[8.7.0.03,8.011,15]heptadeca-1(17),3(8),5-triene-4,7,12,14-tetrone | —— | C23H20ClN3O6 |
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—— | (2R,10R)-2-(4-hydroxy-2-methoxyphenyl)-6,13-dimethyl-11,13,15-triazatetracyclo[8.7.0.03,8.011,15]heptadeca-1(17),3(8),5-triene-4,7,12,14-tetrone | —— | C23H21N3O6 |
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—— | (2S,10R)-6-bromo-2-(3-chloro-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-13-methyl-11,13,15-triazatetracyclo[8.7.0.03,8.011,15]heptadeca-1(17),3(8),5-triene-4,7,12,14-tetrone | —— | C22H17BrClN3O6 |
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—— | (2R,10R)-2-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-6,13-dimethyl-11,13,15-triazatetracyclo[8.7.0.03,8.011,15]heptadeca-1(17),3(8),5-triene-4,7,12,14-tetrone | —— | C23H21N3O6 |
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—— | (2S,10R)-6-bromo-2-[2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethenyl]-13-methyl-11,13,15-triazatetracyclo[8.7.0.03,8.011,15]heptadeca-1(17),3(8),5-triene-4,7,12,14-tetrone | —— | C24H20BrN3O6 |
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—— | (2S,10R)-6-bromo-2-(2,3-dibromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-13-methyl-11,13,15-triazatetracyclo[8.7.0.03,8.011,15]heptadeca-1(17),3(8),5-triene-4,7,12,14-tetrone | —— | C22H16Br3N3O6 |
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—— | (2R,10R)-6-bromo-2-(5-bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)-13-methyl-11,13,15-triazatetracyclo[8.7.0.03,8.011,15]heptadeca-1(17),3(8),5-triene-4,7,12,14-tetrone | —— | C21H15Br2N3O5 |
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—— | (2S,10R)-2-(3-fluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-6,13-dimethyl-11,13,15-triazatetracyclo[8.7.0.03,8.011,15]heptadeca-1(17),3(8),5-triene-4,7,12,14-tetrone | —— | C22H18FN3O5 |
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—— | (2R,10R)-6-bromo-2-(3-fluoro-2-hydroxyphenyl)-13-methyl-11,13,15-triazatetracyclo[8.7.0.03,8.011,15]heptadeca-1(17),3(8),5-triene-4,7,12,14-tetrone | —— | C21H15BrFN3O5 |
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—— | (1R)-1-[5-(2-ethoxyethyl)-2-methoxyphenyl]ethane-1,2-diamine | —— | C13H22N2O2 |
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—— | (2S,10R)-6-bromo-2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-13-methyl-11,13,15-triazatetracyclo[8.7.0.03,8.011,15]heptadeca-1(17),3(8),5-triene-4,7,12,14-tetrone | —— | C21H16BrN3O5 |
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—— | (2R,10R)-6-bromo-2-(2-hydroxy-3-prop-2-enylphenyl)-13-methyl-11,13,15-triazatetracyclo[8.7.0.03,8.011,15]heptadeca-1(17),3(8),5-triene-4,7,12,14-tetrone | —— | C24H20BrN3O5 |
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—— | (2S,3S,8R,10R)-2-[2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethenyl]-3,5,6,8,13-pentamethyl-11,13,15-triazatetracyclo[8.7.0.03,8.011,15]heptadeca-1(17),5-diene-4,7,12,14-tetrone | —— | C28H31N3O6 |
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—— | (2S,3S,8R,10R)-3,5,6,8-tetrachloro-2-[2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethenyl]-13-methyl-11,13,15-triazatetracyclo[8.7.0.03,8.011,15]heptadeca-1(17),5-diene-4,7,12,14-tetrone | —— | C24H19Cl4N3O6 |
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—— | (2S,3S,8R,10R)-2-[2-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)ethenyl]-3,5,6,8,13-pentamethyl-11,13,15-triazatetracyclo[8.7.0.03,8.011,15]heptadeca-1(17),5-diene-4,7,12,14-tetrone | —— | C29H33N3O7 |
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—— | (2S,3S,8R,10R)-2-[2-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)ethenyl]-3,6,13-trimethyl-11,13,15-triazatetracyclo[8.7.0.03,8.011,15]heptadeca-1(17),5-diene-4,7,12,14-tetrone | —— | C27H29N3O7 |
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—— | (2S,3S,8R,10R)-2-[2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethenyl]-3,6,13-trimethyl-11,13,15-triazatetracyclo[8.7.0.03,8.011,15]heptadeca-1(17),5-diene-4,7,12,14-tetrone | —— | C26H27N3O6 |
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—— | (2S,3S,8R,10R)-2-[2-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)ethenyl]-3,5,6,13-tetramethyl-11,13,15-triazatetracyclo[8.7.0.03,8.011,15]heptadeca-1(17),5-diene-4,7,12,14-tetrone | —— | C28H31N3O7 |
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—— | (2S,3S,8R,10R)-2-[2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethenyl]-3,5,6,13-tetramethyl-11,13,15-triazatetracyclo[8.7.0.03,8.011,15]heptadeca-1(17),5-diene-4,7,12,14-tetrone | —— | C27H29N3O6 |
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—— | (2S,3S,8R,10R)-2-[2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethenyl]-3,5,13-trimethyl-11,13,15-triazatetracyclo[8.7.0.03,8.011,15]heptadeca-1(17),5-diene-4,7,12,14-tetrone | —— | C26H27N3O6 |
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—— | (1S,10R)-10-(2,3-dibromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-4,13-dimethyl-2,4,6,11,13,15-hexazatetracyclo[7.7.0.02,6.011,15]hexadec-8-ene-3,5,12,14-tetrone | —— | C19H18Br2N6O6 |
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—— | (1S,10S)-10-(3-chloro-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-4,13-dimethyl-2,4,6,11,13,15-hexazatetracyclo[7.7.0.02,6.011,15]hexadec-8-ene-3,5,12,14-tetrone | —— | C19H19ClN6O6 |
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—— | (1S,10R)-10-(2-hydroxy-6-methoxyphenyl)-4,13-dimethyl-2,4,6,11,13,15-hexazatetracyclo[7.7.0.02,6.011,15]hexadec-8-ene-3,5,12,14-tetrone | —— | C19H20N6O6 |
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—— | (1S,10R)-10-(4-hydroxy-2-methoxyphenyl)-4,13-dimethyl-2,4,6,11,13,15-hexazatetracyclo[7.7.0.02,6.011,15]hexadec-8-ene-3,5,12,14-tetrone | —— | C19H20N6O6 |
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—— | (1S,10R)-10-(5-bromo-2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-4,13-dimethyl-2,4,6,11,13,15-hexazatetracyclo[7.7.0.02,6.011,15]hexadec-8-ene-3,5,12,14-tetrone | —— | C19H19BrN6O6 |
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—— | (1S,10R)-10-(3-fluoro-2-hydroxyphenyl)-4,13-dimethyl-2,4,6,11,13,15-hexazatetracyclo[7.7.0.02,6.011,15]hexadec-8-ene-3,5,12,14-tetrone | —— | C18H17FN6O5 |
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—— | (1S,10R)-10-[2-hydroxy-5-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-4,13-dimethyl-2,4,6,11,13,15-hexazatetracyclo[7.7.0.02,6.011,15]hexadec-8-ene-3,5,12,14-tetrone | —— | C19H17F3N6O6 |
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—— | (1S,10S)-10-(3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-4,13-dimethyl-2,4,6,11,13,15-hexazatetracyclo[7.7.0.02,6.011,15]hexadec-8-ene-3,5,12,14-tetrone | —— | C19H19BrN6O6 |
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—— | (1S,10R)-10-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-4,13-dimethyl-2,4,6,11,13,15-hexazatetracyclo[7.7.0.02,6.011,15]hexadec-8-ene-3,5,12,14-tetrone | —— | C19H20N6O6 |
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—— | (1S,10S)-10-[2-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)ethenyl]-4,13-dimethyl-2,4,6,11,13,15-hexazatetracyclo[7.7.0.02,6.011,15]hexadec-8-ene-3,5,12,14-tetrone | —— | C22H24N6O7 |
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—— | (1S,10R)-10-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-4,13-dimethyl-2,4,6,11,13,15-hexazatetracyclo[7.7.0.02,6.011,15]hexadec-8-ene-3,5,12,14-tetrone | —— | C18H18N6O5 |
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—— | (1S,10R)-10-(5-bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)-4,13-dimethyl-2,4,6,11,13,15-hexazatetracyclo[7.7.0.02,6.011,15]hexadec-8-ene-3,5,12,14-tetrone | —— | C18H17BrN6O5 |
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—— | (1S,10S)-10-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-4,13-dimethyl-2,4,6,11,13,15-hexazatetracyclo[7.7.0.02,6.011,15]hexadec-8-ene-3,5,12,14-tetrone | —— | C20H22N6O7 |
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—— | (1S,10S)-10-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4,13-dimethyl-2,4,6,11,13,15-hexazatetracyclo[7.7.0.02,6.011,15]hexadec-8-ene-3,5,12,14-tetrone | —— | C18H18N6O5 |
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