有机原料主要包括以石油和天然气为原料的石油化工,粮食发酵制酒精或溶剂业,煤气化后的原料气以及煤干馏回收的煤焦油制成的各种有机化工产品。在我国,早期发展主要依赖于以煤产电石生成乙炔路线、煤气化合成甲醇和甲醛路线、回收煤焦油中的苯、萘、蒽等化合物,以及利用粮食发酵蒸馏制得酒精。
基本有机化工所用的主要直接原料有:氢气、一氧化碳、脂肪烃类(如甲烷、乙烯、乙炔、丙烯及C4以上的脂肪烃)、芳香烃类(如苯、甲苯、二甲苯和乙苯)等。从原油、石油馏分或低碳烷烃的裂解气、炼厂气以及煤气中,可以分离出用于不同目的的脂肪烃原料;通过催化重整的重整汽油、烃类裂解的裂解汽油以及煤干馏的煤焦油中的芳烃原料;适当的石油馏分也可直接用作某些产品的原料;从湿性天然气可分离出甲烷以外的其他低碳烷烃;通过煤气化和天然气、炼厂气或石油馏分的部分氧化,可以制得合成气;由焦炭制得的碳化钙或天然气、石脑油裂解均可获得乙炔。此外,还可以利用农林副产品作为原料。
有机原料的应用范围广泛,主要可分为三个方面:一是用于生产高分子化工产品的原料,即聚合反应单体;二是用于其他有机化学工业,包括精细化工产品的原料;三是用于溶剂、冷冻剂、防冻剂和气体吸附剂等。基本有机化工是发展各种有机化学品的基础,在现代工业结构中占据重要地位。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
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叔丁胺基乙氧基乙醇 | tert-butylaminoethoxyethanol | 87787-67-5 | C8H19NO2 |
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叔丁胺 | <i>tert</i>-butylamine | 75-64-9 | C4H11N |
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叔丁氧羰基羟胺-三乙二醇-丙酸 | 2-[2-(2-(N-(tert-butyloxycarbonyl)aminooxyethoxy)ethoxy)ethoxy]ethylamine | 1235514-18-7 | C13H28N2O6 |
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叔丁氧羰基十二聚乙二醇羧乙基 | 2,2-dimethyl-4-oxo-3,8,11,14,17,20,23,26,29,32,35,38,41-tridecaoxa-5-azatetratetracontan-44-oic acid | 1415981-79-1 | C32H63NO16 |
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叔丁氧羰基六聚乙二醇乙酸 | 2,2-dimethyl-4-oxo-3,8,11,14,17,20,23-heptaoxa-5-azapentacosan-25-oic acid | 391684-36-9 | C19H37NO10 |
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叔丁氧羰基-色氨酰-蛋氨酰-天冬氨酰-苯丙氨酰胺 | <i>N</i>-<i>tert</i>-butoxycarbonyl-<i>L</i>-tryptophyl-><i>L</i>-methionyl-><i>L</i>-α-aspartyl-><i>L</i>-phenylalanine amide | 5235-21-2 | C34H44N6O8S |
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叔丁氧羰基-氨氧基-PEG7-甲基 | t-Boc-Aminooxy-PEG7-methane | 2055041-27-3 | C20H41NO10 |
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叔丁氧羰基-PEG4-乙酸 | 2,2-dimethyl-4-oxo-3,8,11,14,17-pentaoxa-5-azanonadecan-19-oic acid | 876345-13-0 | C15H29NO8 |
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叔丁氧羰基-3,3'-亚氨基二丙胺 | N1-Boc-3,3'-iminodipropylamine | 82409-04-9 | C11H25N3O2 |
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叔丁氧羰基-(苄基)丝氨酸二环己基胺盐 | N-tert-butoxycarbonyl-O-benzyl-L-serine dicyclohexylammonium salt | 10342-01-5 | C12H23N*C15H21NO5 |
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叔丁氧羰基-(S-苄基)半胱氨酰-琥珀酰亚胺 | (2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl) 3-benzylsulfanyl-2-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxycarbonylamino]propanoate | 85097-54-7 | C19H24N2O6S |
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叔丁氧基锡(IV) | tin(IV) tert-butoxide | 36809-75-3 | C16H36O4Sn |
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叔丁氧基乙酸 | tert-butoxyacetic acid | 13211-32-0 | C6H12O3 |
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叔丁基锡烷 | trimethylsilyltributyltin | 17955-46-3 | C15H36SiSn |
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叔丁基锂 | tert.-butyl lithium | 594-19-4 | C4H9*Li |
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叔丁基过氧化氢 | tert.-butylhydroperoxide | 75-91-2 | C4H10O2 |
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叔丁基过氧化-3,5,5-三甲基己酸酯 | tert-butyl peroxy-3,5,5-trimethylhexanoate | 13122-18-4 | C13H26O3 |
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叔丁基苯甲酸 | benzoic acid tert-butyl ester | 774-65-2 | C11H14O2 |
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叔丁基苯基膦 | t-butylphenylphosphine | 6002-31-9 | C10H15P |
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叔丁基苯 | tert-butylbenzene | 98-06-6 | C10H14 |
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叔丁基缬氨酸 | Valin-tert-butylester | 6070-59-3 | C9H19NO2 |
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叔丁基磷酸 | t-butyl phosphonic acid | 4923-84-6 | C4H11O3P |
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叔丁基环己烷 | tert-butylcyclohexane | 3178-22-1 | C10H20 |
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叔丁基氯化镁 | tert-Butylmagnesium chloride | 677-22-5 | C4H9ClMg |
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叔丁基氢醌二乙酸 | 1,4-Diacetoxy-2-t-butylbenzol | 7507-48-4 | C14H18O4 |
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叔丁基四异丙基磷酸二阿米迪特 | tert-butyl tetraisopropylphosphorodiamidite | 137348-88-0 | C16H37N2OP |
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叔丁基六氢吡咯[3,4-B]吡咯-1-甲酸酯 | hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrrole-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester | 185693-02-1 | C11H20N2O2 |
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叔丁基亚磺酰胺 | S-tert-butylsulfinimide | 146374-27-8 | C4H11NOS |
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叔丁基亚磺酰氯 | tert-butylsulfinyl chloride | 31562-43-3 | C4H9ClOS |
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叔丁基二茂铁 | Iron(2+) 5-tert-butylcyclopenta-1,2,3,4-tetraen-1-ide cyclopenta-2,3,4,5-tetraen-2-id-1-yl (1/1/1) | 1316-98-9 | C14H10Fe |
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叔丁基二苯基膦 | tert-butyldiphenylphosphine | 6002-34-2 | C16H19P |
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叔丁基二甲胺 | N,N-dimethyl-tert-butylamine | 918-02-5 | C6H15N |
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叔丁基二环己基膦 | tert-butyldicyclohexylphosphine | 93634-87-8 | C16H31P |
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叔丁基二氯磷酸 | tert-butyl phosphinyl dichloride | 4707-95-3 | C4H9Cl2OP |
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叔丁基二氯化膦 | tert-butyldichlorophosphine | 25979-07-1 | C4H9Cl2P |
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叔丁基二异丙基膦 | tert-Butyldiisopropylphosphan | 51567-05-6 | C10H23P |
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叔丁基二乙醇胺 | N-tert-butyldiethanolamine | 2160-93-2 | C8H19NO2 |
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叔丁基乙酸乙酯 | ethyl 3,3-dimethylbutanoate | 5340-78-3 | C8H16O2 |
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叔丁基乙烯基醚 | tert-butyl vinyl ether | 926-02-3 | C6H12O |
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叔丁基丙二腈 | t-butylmalonodinitrile | 4210-60-0 | C7H10N2 |
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叔丁基3,9-二氮杂螺[5.5]十一烷-3-甲酸酯 | tert-butyl 3,9-diazaspiro[5.5]undecane-3-carboxylate | 173405-78-2 | C14H26N2O2 |
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叔丁基2,6-二氮杂螺[3.4]辛烷-6-甲酸酯 | tert-butyl 2,6-diazaspiro[3.4]octane-6-carboxylate | 885270-86-0 | C11H20N2O2 |
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叔丁基(Z)-4-(N'-羟基氨基甲脒酰基)哌啶-1-羧酸酯 | tert-butyl 4-[(Z)-N’-hydroxycarbamimidoyl]piperidine-1-carboxylate | 782493-60-1 | C11H21N3O3 |
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叔丁基(4R,5R)-4-(羟甲基)-2,2-二甲基-5-苯噁唑烷-3-羧酸酯 | tert-butyl (4R,5R)-4-(hydroxymethyl)-2,2-dimethyl-5-phenyl-1,3-oxazolidine-3-carboxylate | 1009092-91-4 | C17H25NO4 |
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叔丁基 3-甲基-6,7-二氢-1H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶-5(4H)-羧酸 | tert-butyl 3-methyl-2,4,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-5-carboxylate | 733757-77-2 | C12H19N3O2 |
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叔丁基 (2-(2,5-二氧代-2,5-二氢-1H-吡咯-1-基)乙基)氨基甲酸酯 | tert-butyl (2-(2,5-dioxo-2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-1-yl)ethyl)carbamate | 134272-63-2 | C11H16N2O4 |
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叔-丁基6-氟-3,4-二氢-1H-吡啶并[3,4-B]吲哚-2(9H)-甲酸基酯 | tert-Butyl 6-fluoro-1,3,4,9-tetrahydro-2H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole-2-carboxylate | 1579291-64-7 | C16H19FN2O2 |
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叔-丁基6-(氨基甲基)-1,4-噁吖庚环-4-甲酸基酯 | tert-butyl 6-(aminomethyl)-1,4-oxazepane-4-carboxylate | 1268334-90-2 | C11H22N2O3 |
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叔-丁基6,6-二氟-1,4-重氮基庚环-1-甲酸基酯 | Tert-butyl 6,6-difluoro-1,4-diazepane-1-carboxylate | 1166820-07-0 | C10H18F2N2O2 |
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叔-丁基4-(叠氮甲基)哌啶-1-甲酸基酯 | tert-butyl 4-(azidomethyl)piperidine-1-carboxylate | 325290-50-4 | C11H20N4O2 |
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