有机原料主要包括以石油和天然气为原料的石油化工,粮食发酵制酒精或溶剂业,煤气化后的原料气以及煤干馏回收的煤焦油制成的各种有机化工产品。在我国,早期发展主要依赖于以煤产电石生成乙炔路线、煤气化合成甲醇和甲醛路线、回收煤焦油中的苯、萘、蒽等化合物,以及利用粮食发酵蒸馏制得酒精。
基本有机化工所用的主要直接原料有:氢气、一氧化碳、脂肪烃类(如甲烷、乙烯、乙炔、丙烯及C4以上的脂肪烃)、芳香烃类(如苯、甲苯、二甲苯和乙苯)等。从原油、石油馏分或低碳烷烃的裂解气、炼厂气以及煤气中,可以分离出用于不同目的的脂肪烃原料;通过催化重整的重整汽油、烃类裂解的裂解汽油以及煤干馏的煤焦油中的芳烃原料;适当的石油馏分也可直接用作某些产品的原料;从湿性天然气可分离出甲烷以外的其他低碳烷烃;通过煤气化和天然气、炼厂气或石油馏分的部分氧化,可以制得合成气;由焦炭制得的碳化钙或天然气、石脑油裂解均可获得乙炔。此外,还可以利用农林副产品作为原料。
有机原料的应用范围广泛,主要可分为三个方面:一是用于生产高分子化工产品的原料,即聚合反应单体;二是用于其他有机化学工业,包括精细化工产品的原料;三是用于溶剂、冷冻剂、防冻剂和气体吸附剂等。基本有机化工是发展各种有机化学品的基础,在现代工业结构中占据重要地位。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
---|---|---|---|---|
密灭汀A3 | Milbemectin | 51596-10-2 | C31H44O7 |
|
宾雪德拉氏绿隐色碱 | 4,4'-bis(dimethylamino)diphenylamine | 637-31-0 | C16H21N3 |
|
宝丹酮丙酸酯 | boldenone propionate | 977-32-2 | C22H30O3 |
|
安非他酮杂质 | 2-(tert-butylamino)-3',5'-dichloropropiophenone | 1193779-48-4 | C13H17Cl2NO |
|
安非他酮杂质 | (R)-Bupropion | 437723-96-1 | C13H18ClNO |
|
安安蓝B色盐 | 1,4-Benzenediamine, N-(4-methoxyphenyl)-, sulfate (1:1) | 6254-98-4 | C13H16N2O5S |
|
安他唑啉甲烷磺酸盐 | N-benzyl-N-(4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-1-ium-2-ylmethyl)aniline;methanesulfonate | 3131-32-6 | C18H23N3O3S |
|
安五酸 | isomasticadienonic acid | 117020-59-4 | C30H46O3 |
|
季戊四醇磷酸酯 | pentaerythritol tetrakis(dihydrogen phosphate) | 7440-78-0 | C5H16O16P4 |
|
季戊四醇四辛酸酯/癸酸酯 | 2,2-Bis(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol;decanoic acid;octanoic acid | 93281-00-6 | C23H48O8 |
|
季戊四醇四烟酸酯 | niceritrol | 5868-05-3 | C29H24N4O8 |
|
季戊四醇四油酸酯 | Pentaerythritol tetraoleate | 19321-40-5 | C77H140O8 |
|
季戊四醇四巯基乙酸酯 | pentaerythritol tetrakis(2-mercaptoacetate) | 10193-99-4 | C13H20O8S4 |
|
季戊四醇四山嵛酸酯 | tetra-<i>O</i>-docosanoyl-pentaerythritol | 61682-73-3 | C93H180O8 |
|
季戊四醇四丙烯酸酯 | pentaerythritol tetraacrylate | 4986-89-4 | C17H20O8 |
|
季戊四醇四(2-溴异丁酸酯) | Pentaerythritol tetrakis(2-bromoisobutyrate) | 243991-62-0 | C21H40Br4O12 |
|
季戊四醇四(2-乙基乙酸酯) | pentaerythritol tetra(2-ethylhexanoate) | 7299-99-2 | C37H68O8 |
|
季戊四醇双环硫酸酯 | 2,4,8,10-tetraoxa-3,9-dithiaspiro [5.5]undecane 3,3,9,9-tetraoxide | 201419-80-9 | C5H8O8S2 |
|
季戊四醇单油酸酯 | pentaerythritol monooleate | 10332-32-8 | C23H44O5 |
|
季戊四醇三硬酯酸酯 | Pentaerythritol tristearate | 28188-24-1 | C59H114O7 |
|
季戊四醇三(3-氮丙啶基)丙酸酯 | pentaerythritol tris(3-(1-aziridinyl)propionate) | 57116-45-7 | C20H33N3O7 |
|
孟鲁司特外消旋体 | montelukast dicyclohexylamine salt | 577953-88-9 | C12H23N*C35H36ClNO3S |
|
媒介黑7 | Sodium 4-chloro-2-[2-(1,5-dioxo-1,5-dihydronaphthalen-2-yl)hydrazinyl]-6-sulfophenolate | 3618-60-8 | C16H10ClN2NaO6S |
|
姜黄醇酮 | curcolone | 17015-43-9 | C15H18O3 |
|
奥贝胆酸杂质A | 3α,7β-dihydroxy-6α-ethyl-5β-cholan-24-oic acid | 865244-30-0 | C26H44O4 |
|
奥贝胆酸杂质9 | taurine obeticholic acid | 863239-61-6 | C28H49NO6S |
|
奥贝胆酸杂质8 | glycin-obeticholic acid conjugate | 863239-60-5 | C28H47NO5 |
|
奥贝胆酸杂质7 | 7-epi-Obeticholic acid 3-obeticholate ester | 1908444-28-9 | C52H86O7 |
|
奥贝胆酸杂质20 | 3α,7β-dihydroxy-6β-ethyl-5β-cholan-24-oic acid | 1708092-13-0 | C26H44O4 |
|
奥贝胆酸杂质18 | 6α-ethyl-3α,7α-dihydroxy-5β-cholan-24-ol | 1537866-49-1 | C26H46O3 |
|
奥贝胆酸杂质03 | 3α,7α-dihydroxy-6β-ethyl-5β-cholan-24-oic acid | 915038-27-6 | C26H44O4 |
|
奥贝胆酸中间体 | 3α-hydroxy-6β-ethyl-7-keto-5β-cholanic acid | 915038-25-4 | C26H42O4 |
|
奥芬那君 盐酸盐 | orphenadrine hydrochloride | 341-69-5 | C18H23NO*ClH |
|
奥洛他定甲酯 | (Z)-11-<3-(dimethylamino)propylidene>-6,11-dihydrodibenz<b,e>oxepin-2-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 113805-71-3 | C21H23NO3 |
|
奥帕膦酸钠 | olpadronate | 63132-39-8 | C5H15NO7P2 |
|
奥塞米韦酸盐酸盐 | (3R,4R,5S)-4-acetamido-5-amino-3-(pentan-3-yloxy)cyclohex-1-enecarboxylic acid hydrochloride | 1415963-60-8 | C14H24N2O4*ClH |
|
奥吩达唑 | N-benzyloxycarbonyl-3-aminopropionic acid succinimide ester | 53733-97-4 | C15H16N2O6 |
|
奥利司他中间体5 | Hexadecanoic acid, 2-hexyl-3-hydroxy-5-(phenylmethoxy)-, (2S,3S,5R)-, compd. with (S)-alpha-methylbenzenemethanamine (1:1) | 137433-01-3 | C8H11N*C29H50O4 |
|
奥他维林盐酸盐 | 6,7-dimethoxy-1-(3,4,5-triethoxy-phenyl)-isoquinoline; hydrochloride | 6775-26-4 | C23H27NO5*ClH |
|
奎诺二甲基丙烯酸酯 | trolox | 53188-07-1 | C14H18O4 |
|
奎诺二甲基丙烯酯钠盐 | AMPSO sodium salt | 102029-60-7 | C7H16NNaO5S |
|
奎尼酸 | (+)-Quinic acid | 36413-60-2 | C7H12O6 |
|
奎宁苯甲酸盐 | (R)-[(2S,4S,5R)-5-ethenyl-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-2-yl]-(6-methoxyquinolin-1-ium-4-yl)methanol;benzoate | 750-88-9 | C27H30N2O4 |
|
奎宁环-3-醇 盐酸盐 | 3-RS-quinuclidinol hydrochloride | 6238-13-7 | C7H13NO*ClH |
|
奎宁柠檬酸盐 | (R)-(6-Methoxyquinolin-4-yl)((1S,2S,4S,5R)-5-vinylquinuclidin-2-yl)methanol 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate | 5936-12-9 | C26H32N2O9 |
|
奈达铂杂质 | cis-diammineoxalatoplatinum(II) | 41349-15-9 | C2H6N2O4Pt |
|
奈立膦酸 | neridronate | 79778-41-9 | C6H17NO7P2 |
|
奈斯勒试剂 | Potassium iodomercurate(II) (K2hgi4) | 7783-33-7 | HgI4K2 |
|
奈妥吡坦中间体N'-1 | 6-(4-methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-4-o-tolylpyridin-3-yl-amine | 290297-24-4 | C17H22N4 |
|
头孢西酮杂质2 | (6R,7R)-7-[[2-(3,5-dichloro-4-oxopyridin-1-yl)acetyl]amino]-3-methyl-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid | 70149-63-2 | C15H13Cl2N3O5S |
|