有机原料主要包括以石油和天然气为原料的石油化工,粮食发酵制酒精或溶剂业,煤气化后的原料气以及煤干馏回收的煤焦油制成的各种有机化工产品。在我国,早期发展主要依赖于以煤产电石生成乙炔路线、煤气化合成甲醇和甲醛路线、回收煤焦油中的苯、萘、蒽等化合物,以及利用粮食发酵蒸馏制得酒精。
基本有机化工所用的主要直接原料有:氢气、一氧化碳、脂肪烃类(如甲烷、乙烯、乙炔、丙烯及C4以上的脂肪烃)、芳香烃类(如苯、甲苯、二甲苯和乙苯)等。从原油、石油馏分或低碳烷烃的裂解气、炼厂气以及煤气中,可以分离出用于不同目的的脂肪烃原料;通过催化重整的重整汽油、烃类裂解的裂解汽油以及煤干馏的煤焦油中的芳烃原料;适当的石油馏分也可直接用作某些产品的原料;从湿性天然气可分离出甲烷以外的其他低碳烷烃;通过煤气化和天然气、炼厂气或石油馏分的部分氧化,可以制得合成气;由焦炭制得的碳化钙或天然气、石脑油裂解均可获得乙炔。此外,还可以利用农林副产品作为原料。
有机原料的应用范围广泛,主要可分为三个方面:一是用于生产高分子化工产品的原料,即聚合反应单体;二是用于其他有机化学工业,包括精细化工产品的原料;三是用于溶剂、冷冻剂、防冻剂和气体吸附剂等。基本有机化工是发展各种有机化学品的基础,在现代工业结构中占据重要地位。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
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四(二甲氨基)锡 | tetrakis(dimethylamino)tin | 1066-77-9 | C8H24N4Sn |
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四(二甲氨基)锆 | tetrakis(dimethylamido)zirconium (IV) | 19756-04-8 | C8H24N4Zr |
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四(二甲氨基)钛 | N-methylmethanamine;titanium | 3275-24-9 | C2H7NTi |
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四(二甲氨基)乙烯 | Tetrakis(dimethylamino)ethylen | 996-70-3 | C10H24N4 |
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四(二乙基氨基)铪(IV) | tetrakis(diethylamido)hafnium | 19824-55-6 | C16H40HfN4 |
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四(乙腈)四氟硼酸钯(II) | acetonitrile;palladium(2+);ditetrafluoroborate | 21797-13-7 | C8H12B2F8N4Pd |
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四(乙基甲基氨基)钛(IV) | tetrakis(ethylmethylamido)titanium(IV) | 308103-54-0 | C12H32N4Ti |
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四(三苯基膦)镍 | tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)nickel(0) | 15133-82-1 | C72H60NiP4 |
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四(三苯基膦)铂 | tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)platinum | 14221-02-4 | C72H60P4Pt |
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四(三苯基膦)钯 | tetrakis(triphenylphosphine) palladium(0) | 14221-01-3 | C72H60P4Pd |
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四(4-硼酸基苯基)甲烷 | tetra(4-(dihydroxy)boryl)phenylmethane | 153035-55-3 | C25H24B4O8 |
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四(4-咪唑苯基)甲烷 | tetrakis[4-(1-imidazolyl)phenyl]methane | 1258859-29-8 | C37H28N8 |
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四(4-乙酰苯基)甲烷 | tetrakis(4-acetylphenyl)methane | 313484-93-4 | C33H28O4 |
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四(3-巯基丁酸)季戊四醇酯 | 2,2-bis(((3-mercaptobutanoyl)oxy)methyl)propane-1,3-diyl bis(3-mercaptobutanoate) | 31775-89-0 | C21H36O8S4 |
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四(2,2,6,6-四甲基-3,5-庚二酮酸)铪 | hafnium;2,2,6,6-tetramethylheptane-3,5-dione | 63370-90-1 | C44H80HfO8 |
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四(2,2,6,6-四甲基-3,5-庚二酮酸)铈(IV) | Cerium;2,2,6,6-tetramethylheptane-3,5-dione | 18960-54-8 | C44H80CeO8 |
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噻酮 | 2-n-butyl-1,1-dioxo-1,2-dihydro-1λ6-benzo[d]isothiazo-3-one | 7499-96-9 | C11H13NO3S |
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噻唑烷盐酸盐 | thiazolidine hydrochloride | 14446-47-0 | C3H7NS*ClH |
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噻唑烷-2-甲酸 | DL-3-thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid | 16310-13-7 | C4H7NO2S |
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噻唑-4-羧酸肼 | thiazole-4-carbohydrazide | 101257-38-9 | C4H5N3OS |
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噻唑-4-羧酸 | Thiazole-4-carboxylic acid | 3973-08-8 | C4H3NO2S |
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噻唑-4-甲醛 | 1,3-thiazole-4-carbaldehyde | 3364-80-5 | C4H3NOS |
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噻唑 | 1,3-thiazole | 288-47-1 | C3H3NS |
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噻吩并[3,2-D]嘧啶-7-羧酸 | thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidine-7-carboxylic acid | 1211596-20-1 | C7H4N2O2S |
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噻吩并[2,3-b]吡啶-4-酮(7H) | 4-hydroxythieno<2,3-b>pyridine | 65075-96-9 | C7H5NOS |
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噻吩并[2,3-D]嘧啶-6-甲醛 | thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine-6-carboxaldehyde | 655253-72-8 | C7H4N2OS |
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噻吩[2,3-C]并吡啶 | thieno[2,3-c]-pyridine | 272-12-8 | C7H5NS |
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噻吩-3-乙酸乙酯 | ethyl 3-thienylacetate | 37784-63-7 | C8H10O2S |
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噻吩-2,5-二硼酸二频哪酯 | 2,5-bis(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)thiophene | 175361-81-6 | C16H26B2O4S |
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噻吩-2,3-二甲酸甲酯 | 2,3-Thiophendicarbonsaeure-dimethylester | 14300-68-6 | C8H8O4S |
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噻吩 | thiophene | 110-02-1 | C4H4S |
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噌啉-4-羧酸 | cinnoline-4-carboxylic acid | 21905-86-2 | C9H6N2O2 |
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噁唑并[5,4-b]吡啶 | oxazolo<5,4-b>pyridine | 273-62-1 | C6H4N2O |
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噁唑-5-甲醇 | 1,3-oxazol-5-ylmethanol | 127232-41-1 | C4H5NO2 |
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噁唑-4-硫代甲酰胺 | oxazole-4-carbothioamide | 118802-31-6 | C4H4N2OS |
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噁丙环,2-丁基-2-乙基- | 1,2-Epoxy-2-ethyl-hexan | 1436-35-7 | C8H16O |
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嘧菌胺 | mepanipyrim | 110235-47-7 | C14H13N3 |
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嘧啶-5-三氟硼酸钾 | potassium pyrimidine-5-trifluoroborate | 1242733-91-0 | C4H3BF3N2*K |
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嘧啶-4-甲醛 | 1-methyl-2-(methylthio)-1H-benzimidazole | 4344-61-0 | C9H10N2S |
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喹醛酰氯 | quinolin-2-ylcarbonyl chloride | 50342-01-3 | C10H6ClNO |
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喹那普利苄酯马来酸盐 | benzyl easter of (S,S,S)-2-[2-{(1-ethoxycarbonyl)-3-(phenylpropyl)amino}1-oxopropyl]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-3-isoquinoline carboxylic acid; maleic acid salt | 82586-54-7 | C4H4O4*C32H36N2O5 |
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喹喔啉-6-磺酰氯 | Quinoxaline-6-sulfonyl chloride | 692737-70-5 | C8H5ClN2O2S |
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喹喔啉-6-甲醛 | quinoxaline-6-carbaldehyde | 130345-50-5 | C9H6N2O |
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喹喔啉-5-羧酸 | quinoxaline-5-carboxylic acid | 6924-66-9 | C9H6N2O2 |
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喹喔啉-5-磺酰氯 | quinoxaline-5-sulfonyl chloride | 844646-88-4 | C8H5ClN2O2S |
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喹啉-8-甲醛 | 8-formylquinoline | 38707-70-9 | C10H7NO |
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喹啉-6-甲醛 | quinoline-6-carbaldehyde | 4113-04-6 | C10H7NO |
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喹啉-5-羧酸肼 | quinoline-5-carbohydrazide | 96541-83-2 | C10H9N3O |
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喹啉-3-磺酰氯 | quinoline-3-sulfonyl chloride | 159182-40-8 | C9H6ClNO2S |
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喹啉-2-羧酸乙酯 | ethyl quinoline-2-carboxylate | 4491-33-2 | C12H11NO2 |
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