NIOSH REL: TWA 1 ppm, STEL 10 ppm, IDLH 500 ppm; OSHA
PEL: TWA 20 ppm, C 30 ppm; ACGIH TLV: TWA 10 ppm.
介电常数:
2.6(Ambient)
物理描述:
Carbon disulfide appears as a clear colorless to light yellow volatile liquid with a strong disagreeable odor. Boiling point 46° C. Flash point -22°F. Flammable over a wide vapor/air concentration range(1%-50%). Vapors are readily ignited; the heat of a common light bulb may suffice. Insoluble in water and more dense (10.5 lb / gal) than water. Hence sinks in water. Vapors are heavier than air. Used in the manufacture of rayon and cellophane, in the manufacture of flotation agents and as a solvent.
颜色/状态:
Mobile ... liquid
气味:
Purest distillates have sweet, pleasing, and ethereal odor ... usual commercial and reagent grades are foul smelling
Carbon disulfide is normally stored and handled in mild steel equipment. ... Copper and copper alloys are attacked by carbon disulfide and must be avoided.
The metabolism for CS2-atheroma production also may involve direct injury to the endothelium coupled with hypothyroidism, because thiocarbamate (thiourea), a potent antithyroid substance, is a principal urinary metabolite of CS2.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
代谢
一小部分碳二硫化物显然转化为了硫化氢,硫化氢迅速被氧化成硫酸盐并通过尿液排出体外。
A small amt of carbon disulfide is apparently converted to hydrogen sulfide, which is rapidly oxidized to sulfate and excreted in the urine.
Carbon disulfide reacts with a variety of nucleophilic functional groups ... amino, to form dithiocarbamic acids ... mercapto, to form trithiocarbamic acids ... hydroxyl, to form xanthogenic acids ... cmpd with two such groups to form heterocycles.
Carbon disulfide admin ip to rats was oxidized to (14)CO2 to an extent proportional to the amount of cytochrome P450 present in the liver at the time of admin.
Nitrogenase reduces carbon disulfide and can also be inhibited by this toxin. Carbon disulfide binds (in the form of AL CS2) mainly to hemoglobin and to a small extent to other blood proteins, such as albumin and gamma-globulin. Carbon disulfide is bioactivated by cytochrome P-450 to an unstable oxygen intermediate. The intermediate may either spontaneously degrade to atomic sulfur and carbonyl sulfide or hydrolyze to form atomic sulfur and monothiocarbonate. The atomic sulfur generated in these reactions may either covalently bind to macromolecules or be oxidized to products such as sulfate. The carbonyl sulfide formed may be converted to monothiocarbonate by carbonic anhydrase. Monothiocarbonate may further spontaneously degrade, regenerating carbonyl sulfide or forming carbon dioxide and sulfide bisulfide ion (HS-). The HS- formed can subsequently be oxidized to sulfate or other nonvolatile metabolites. Dithiocarbamates are the products of the reaction of carbon disulfide with amino acids. Most of the carbon disulfude absorbed is metabolized. Small traces of unchanged can be found in the urine. Carbon disulfide or carbonyl sulfide can conjugate with endogenous glutathione to yield thiazolidine-2-thione-4-carboxylic acid and 2-oxythiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid, respectively. Carbonic anhydrase 2 mediates the metabolism of carbon disulfide. (L592, A207, A208, A210, A211, A212)
IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Carbon disulfide is a clear colorless liquid at room temperature. It is used in the production of viscose fiber and cellophane film. HUMAN STUDIES: The most important health effects for carbon disulfide are coronary heart disease, retinal angiopathy, color discrimination, effects on peripheral nerves, psychophysiological effects, morphological and other central nervous system (CNS) effects, and fertility and hormonal effects. No evidence of carcinogenicity has been observed in epidemiological studies. There are several reports of decreased libido and or impotence among males occupationally exposed to high concentrations of carbon disulfide. Reproductive health hazards for women chronically exposed to carbon disulfide in the workplace are the following: menstrual disorders are more frequent than in the case of the healthy women, the average menopausal age is statistically earlier, and complex disturbances in neurohormonal system including diminished secretion of estrogens and progesterone in ovaries and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate in the adrenal gland. DNA damage in human buccal cells of workers occupationally long-term exposed to carbon disulfide was monitored with comet assay, and the possibility of DNA damage was significantly higher in exposure group than that in control group. In human sperm exposed to carbon disulfide in vitro, there was a significant increase in the frequency of chromosomal aberrations and in the frequency of chromosomal breaks. ANIMAL STUDIES: Neurological effects such as hind-limb motor difficulties, reduced nerve conduction velocity, and degeneration of nerve fibers were seen in rats exposed to 700 ppm of carbon disulfide for 5 hours a day, 5 days a week, for 12 weeks. Other behavioral effects in rats included decreased responsiveness to a visual stimulus and mild tremors, reactivity in response to handling was increased, and excitability in the open field was decreased. No evidence of carcinogenicity has been reported in long term studies with laboratory animals. Carbon disulfide was not mutagenic to Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98 and TA100 at 300 to 1000 umol nor to Escherichia coli strain WP2 uvrA at 20 to 600 umol with or without metabolic activation, nor in Drosophila melanogaster at 200 to 800 ppm. However, DNA damage in mice sperm was detected with single-cell gel electrophoresis assay. In experimental animals, carbon disulfide is embryotoxic and fetotoxic at high concentrations and is teratogenic at exposure levels toxic to the dam. ECOTOXICITY STUDIES: Reduced hatching and developmental effects, particularly notochord deformities, were observed in the frog Microhyla ornata exposed to carbon disulfide.
Carbon disulfide is a potent nerve toxin and also affect liver enzymes, particularly those related to lipid metabolism. The increases in serum cholesterol that are sometimes seen following carbon disulfide exposure may be a result of increased hepatic cholesterol synthesis. The primary target of carbon disulfide appears to be the nervous system. Neurophysiological and behavioral effects as well as pathomorphology of peripheral nervous system structures have been reported in humans. Moreover, carbon disulfide metabolites of the thiocarbamate type inhibit aldehyde anhydrase. (L592, A215)
来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)
毒理性
致癌性证据
A4:不能归类为人类致癌物。
A4: Not classifiable as a human carcinogen.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
致癌物分类
对人类不具有致癌性(未被国际癌症研究机构IARC列名)。
No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).
Following inhalation, subtle and transient changes in pulmonary function can be manifested as reduced vital capacity and decreased partial pressure of arterial oxygen. Patients can developed normochromic and normocytic anemia, eosinopenia, and an increase in reticulocyte cell numbers after oral exposure . Carbon disulfide poisoning can result in central nervous system depression, coma, respiratory paralysis, and death. It also may accelerate coronary artery disease. Peripheral neuropathies, cranial nerve dysfunction, and neuropsychiatric changes are present in over 70% of chronic carbon sulfide victims. (L592)
Absorption occurs through all portals including the intact skin. ... carbon disulfide vapor is rapidly absorbed when inhaled; an approximate equilibrium between blood and inhaled vapor is reached in 1-2 hours. ... some absorbed carbon disulfide is excreted in expired air ... traces have been found in the blood 80 hr after termination of exposure, about 70% of an inhaled dose is excreted or metabolized within a few hours. The remaining 30% is slowly excreted in the urine as such or as metabolites.
Large concn of both free & bound carbon disulfide are found in brain (guinea pig studies) & peripheral nerves (rat studies) of exposed animals. Ratio of bound to free carbon disulfide in brain is 3:1. Blood & fatty tissues contain mainly bound carbon disulfide, while liver contains mainly free.
/MILK/ Carbon disulfide can reach fetuses through placenta or babies by way of mother milk when pregnant or breast-feeding during or following exposure.
series of novel L-homoserine lactone analogs and evaluated their in vitro quorumsensing (QS) inhibitory activity against two biomonitor strains, Chromobacterium violaceum CV026 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1. Studies of the structure-activity relationships of the set of L-homoserine lactone analogs indicated that phenylurea-containing N-dithiocarbamated homoserine lactones are more potent than (Z)-
Staudinger/aza-Wittig reaction to access<i>N</i><sup>β</sup>-protected amino alkyl isothiocyanates
作者:L. Santhosh、S. Durgamma、Shekharappa Shekharappa、Vommina V. Sureshbabu
DOI:10.1039/c8ob01061g
日期:——
A unified approach to access Nβ-protected amino alkyl isothiocyanates using Nβ-protected amino alkyl azides through a general strategy of Staudinger/aza-Wittig reaction is described. The type of protocol used to access isothiocyanates depends on the availability of precursors and also, especially in the amino acid chemistry, on the behavior of other labile groups towards the reagents used in the protocols;
一种统一的方式来访问Ñ β -保护的氨基烷基异硫氰酸酯使用Ñ β描述了通过Staudinger / aza-Wittig反应的一般策略保护的氨基烷基叠氮化物。用于获得异硫氰酸酯的方案的类型取决于前体的可用性,尤其是在氨基酸化学中,还取决于其他不稳定基团对方案中所用试剂的行为。幸运的是,我们并不担心这两个因素,因为通过标准方案可以轻松制备前体叠氮化物,并且本方案可以为访问标题化合物铺平道路,而不会影响Boc,Cbz和Fmoc保护基以及苄基和叔丁基。侧链。本策略消除了使用胺来获得标题化合物的需要,因此,该方法是分步经济的。其他优点包括保留手性,方便处理和易于纯化。还制备了一些迄今未报告的化合物,所有最终化合物均通过IR,质量,旋光度和1 H和13 C NMR研究。
Studies on cardiotonic agents. IV. Synthesis of novel 1-(6,7-dimethoxy-4-quinazolinyl)piperidine derivatives carrying substituted hydantoin and 2-thiohydantoin rings.
7-dimethoxy-4-quinazolinyl)piperidines carrying substituted hydantoin and 2-thiohydantoin rings was synthesized and examined for cardiotonic activity in anesthetized dogs. Introduction of isopropyl and sec-butyl group at the 5-position of the hydantoin and thiohydantoin rings led to potent inotropic activity. Effects of insertion of an alkyl chain between the piperidine and the hydantoin rings were
The present invention relates to a series of novel compounds and derivatives thereof, methods to prevent or treat viral infections by using the novel compounds, processes for their preparation, their use to treat or prevent viral infections and their use to manufacture a medicine to treat or prevent viral infections, preferably infections with viruses belonging to the family of the Togaviridae and more preferably infections with chikungunya virus (CHIKV).
[EN] SULFONYL COMPOUNDS THAT INTERACT WITH GLUCOKINASE REGULATORY PROTEIN<br/>[FR] COMPOSÉS DE SULFONYLE QUI INTERAGISSENT AVEC LA PROTÉINE RÉGULATRICE DE LA GLUCOKINASE
申请人:AMGEN INC
公开号:WO2013123444A1
公开(公告)日:2013-08-22
The present invention relates to sulfonyl compounds that interact with glucokinase regulatory protein. In addition, the present invention relates to methods of treating type 2 diabetes, and other diseases and/or conditions where glucokinase regulatory protein is involved using the compounds, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, and pharmaceutical compositions that contain the compounds, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.