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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 2-[(5E)-5-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-4-oxo-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]acetic acid —— C13H11NO5S2
    2-[(5E)-5-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-4-oxo-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]acetic acid
    —— 4,4-Diethoxy-2,2-diethyl-6,6-dimethyl-1-[2-[4-(oxiran-2-ylmethoxy)phenyl]ethoxy]piperidine —— C26H43NO5
    4,4-Diethoxy-2,2-diethyl-6,6-dimethyl-1-[2-[4-(oxiran-2-ylmethoxy)phenyl]ethoxy]piperidine
    —— (2E)-2-[(2-hydroxy-3,5-dinitro-phenyl)methylene]thiazolo[3,2-a]benzimidazol-1-one —— C16H8N4O6S
    (2E)-2-[(2-hydroxy-3,5-dinitro-phenyl)methylene]thiazolo[3,2-a]benzimidazol-1-one
    —— (4E)-1-(4-bromophenyl)-4-[(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)methylidene]pyrazolidine-3,5-dione —— C17H13BrN2O3
    (4E)-1-(4-bromophenyl)-4-[(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)methylidene]pyrazolidine-3,5-dione
    —— 5-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]-4-[[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrrol-2-yl]methylidene]pyrazolidin-3-one —— C17H14F3N3O2
    5-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]-4-[[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrrol-2-yl]methylidene]pyrazolidin-3-one
    —— 2-[2-(3-Hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)ethynyl]-4-methoxy-5-propan-2-yloxyphenol —— C19H20O5
    2-[2-(3-Hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)ethynyl]-4-methoxy-5-propan-2-yloxyphenol
    —— 3-(2-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-N-ethylpropanamide —— C11H14ClNO2
    3-(2-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-N-ethylpropanamide
    —— 3-Allyl-5-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)-2-thioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C13H11NO2S2
    3-Allyl-5-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)-2-thioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— (5E)-5-[(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-phenyl-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C17H13NO3S2
    (5E)-5-[(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-phenyl-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— (5E)-5-[(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-(prop-2-EN-1-YL)-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C13H11NO3S2
    (5E)-5-[(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-(prop-2-EN-1-YL)-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— (5E)-5-[(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione —— C10H6N2O5S
    (5E)-5-[(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione
    —— 3-allyl-5-salicylidene-2-thioxo-thiazolidin-4-one 100727-38-6 C13H11NO2S2
    3-allyl-5-salicylidene-2-thioxo-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— (5E)-2-amino-5-[(2-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazol-4-one —— C10H7N3O4S
    (5E)-2-amino-5-[(2-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazol-4-one
    —— (5Z)-5-[(5-bromo-3-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C10H5BrClNO2S2
    (5Z)-5-[(5-bromo-3-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 4-[(4-Ethylcyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-yl)sulfanylmethyl]phenol —— C15H18OS
    4-[(4-Ethylcyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-yl)sulfanylmethyl]phenol
    —— (5E)-5-[(5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione —— C10H6ClNO3S
    (5E)-5-[(5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione
    —— N-[(5E)-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-4-oxo-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]octanamide —— C19H24N2O4S2
    N-[(5E)-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-4-oxo-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]octanamide
    —— (5Z)-5-[(2-hydroxy-3,5-dinitrophenyl)methylidene]-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C10H5N3O6S2
    (5Z)-5-[(2-hydroxy-3,5-dinitrophenyl)methylidene]-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— (2S)-5-[[amino(nitramido)methylidene]amino]-2-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylamino]pentanoic acid —— C14H21N5O6
    (2S)-5-[[amino(nitramido)methylidene]amino]-2-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylamino]pentanoic acid
    —— (5E)-5-[(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione —— C10H7NO4S
    (5E)-5-[(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione
    —— 2-Hydroxy-2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)undecanamide —— C18H29NO4
    2-Hydroxy-2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)undecanamide
    —— 5-[(Z)-[[4,6-di(piperidin-1-yl)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]hydrazinylidene]methyl]-2-methoxyphenol —— C21H29N7O2
    5-[(Z)-[[4,6-di(piperidin-1-yl)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]hydrazinylidene]methyl]-2-methoxyphenol
    —— Ethane;nitromethane;phenol —— C13H27NO3
    Ethane;nitromethane;phenol
    —— (5Z)-3-ethyl-5-(2-hydroxy-3-nitrobenzylidene)-2-thioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C12H10N2O4S2
    (5Z)-3-ethyl-5-(2-hydroxy-3-nitrobenzylidene)-2-thioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 3-Benzyl-5-(3-hydroxy-benzylidene)-2-thioxo-thiazolidin-4-one —— C17H13NO2S2
    3-Benzyl-5-(3-hydroxy-benzylidene)-2-thioxo-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— Ethane;1-methylpyrazole;phenol —— C14H24N2O
    Ethane;1-methylpyrazole;phenol
    —— 4-[[Chloro(pyridin-3-yl)methoxy]methyl]-3,5-difluorophenol —— C13H10ClF2NO2
    4-[[Chloro(pyridin-3-yl)methoxy]methyl]-3,5-difluorophenol
    —— 2-[[2-(3,5-Dihydroxyphenyl)-2-hydroxyethyl]amino]guanidine —— C9H14N4O3
    2-[[2-(3,5-Dihydroxyphenyl)-2-hydroxyethyl]amino]guanidine
    —— 3-Amino-4-(1-hydroxyethoxy)phenol —— C8H11NO3
    3-Amino-4-(1-hydroxyethoxy)phenol
    —— 5-(2-Amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-3-nitrobenzene-1,2-diol —— C9H7N3O4S
    5-(2-Amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-3-nitrobenzene-1,2-diol
    —— [1-Amino-2-(2-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)ethyl]boronic acid —— C9H14BNO3
    [1-Amino-2-(2-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)ethyl]boronic acid
    —— 2-cyano-5-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-N-(1-hydroxyethyl)penta-2,4-dienamide —— C16H18N2O5
    2-cyano-5-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-N-(1-hydroxyethyl)penta-2,4-dienamide
    —— 4-Bromo-2-(1-cyclopropylethyl)phenol —— C11H13BrO
    4-Bromo-2-(1-cyclopropylethyl)phenol
    —— 4-[(1R,5S)-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-3-yl]but-2-ynyl 2-cyclohexyl-2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)acetate —— C23H29NO3
    4-[(1R,5S)-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-3-yl]but-2-ynyl 2-cyclohexyl-2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)acetate
    —— 4-(Diethoxyphosphorylmethyl)-2,6-dimethylphenol;4-[[ethoxy(methyl)phosphoryl]methyl]-2,6-dimethylphenol;propane —— C37H72O7P2
    4-(Diethoxyphosphorylmethyl)-2,6-dimethylphenol;4-[[ethoxy(methyl)phosphoryl]methyl]-2,6-dimethylphenol;propane
    —— 1-hydroxy-5H-benzo[d][2,3]benzothiazepin-7-one —— C13H9NO2S
    1-hydroxy-5H-benzo[d][2,3]benzothiazepin-7-one
    —— [4-[2-[4-[(2-Methyl-1,3-dioxan-5-yl)methyl]phenoxy]ethyl]phenyl] methanesulfonate —— C21H26O6S
    [4-[2-[4-[(2-Methyl-1,3-dioxan-5-yl)methyl]phenoxy]ethyl]phenyl] methanesulfonate
    —— 5-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]-4-(1H-pyrrol-2-ylmethylidene)pyrazolidin-3-one —— C16H15N3O2
    5-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]-4-(1H-pyrrol-2-ylmethylidene)pyrazolidin-3-one
    —— 4-(3-Bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-3-methyl-2-oxo-4,5-dihydropyrimidine-5-carboxylic acid —— C13H13BrN2O5
    4-(3-Bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-3-methyl-2-oxo-4,5-dihydropyrimidine-5-carboxylic acid
    —— 4-Amino-2-nitrophenol hydrochloride —— C6H7ClN2O3
    4-Amino-2-nitrophenol hydrochloride
    —— Ipalbidine hydrobromide hydrate —— C15H22BrNO2
    Ipalbidine hydrobromide hydrate
    —— N-[2-[2-(5-hydroxy-2-nitrophenyl)-1,4-oxazin-4-yl]ethyl]benzamide —— C19H17N3O5
    N-[2-[2-(5-hydroxy-2-nitrophenyl)-1,4-oxazin-4-yl]ethyl]benzamide
    —— 4-(2-Amino-2,2-dihydroxyethyl)benzene-1,2,3,5-tetrol —— C8H11NO6
    4-(2-Amino-2,2-dihydroxyethyl)benzene-1,2,3,5-tetrol
    —— 1-(m-Hydroxyphenyl)cyclopentanecarboxylic acid (2-(diethylamino)ethyl) ester —— C18H27NO3
    1-(m-Hydroxyphenyl)cyclopentanecarboxylic acid (2-(diethylamino)ethyl) ester
    —— ar',ar'-Dinitro-ar,ar-biphenyldiol —— C12H8N2O6
    ar',ar'-Dinitro-ar,ar-biphenyldiol
    —— 3-[(2Z)-2-(3-tert-butyl-6-oxocyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-ylidene)hydrazinyl]-2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzenesulfonic acid —— C16H17N3O7S
    3-[(2Z)-2-(3-tert-butyl-6-oxocyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-ylidene)hydrazinyl]-2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzenesulfonic acid
    —— 4-(1-Fluoropropan-2-yloxy)phenol —— C9H10FO2+
    4-(1-Fluoropropan-2-yloxy)phenol
    —— potassium;3-[(2Z)-2-(3-tert-butyl-6-oxocyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-ylidene)hydrazinyl]-2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzenesulfonate —— C16H16KN3O7S
    potassium;3-[(2Z)-2-(3-tert-butyl-6-oxocyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-ylidene)hydrazinyl]-2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzenesulfonate
    —— 1-[4-[2-(Cyclopropylmethoxy)ethyl]phenoxy]-2-[(propan-2-ylamino)methyl]pentane-2,3-diol —— C21H35NO4
    1-[4-[2-(Cyclopropylmethoxy)ethyl]phenoxy]-2-[(propan-2-ylamino)methyl]pentane-2,3-diol
    —— (2-Hydroxy-6-nitrophenyl) pentanoate —— C11H13NO5
    (2-Hydroxy-6-nitrophenyl) pentanoate