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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 6-[(5Z)-5-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-ylmethylidene)-4-oxo-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]-N-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)hexanamide —— C23H21N3O7S2
    6-[(5Z)-5-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-ylmethylidene)-4-oxo-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]-N-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)hexanamide
    —— N-(2-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)-6-[(5Z)-5-[(4-methylphenyl)methylidene]-4-oxo-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]hexanamide —— C23H23N3O5S2
    N-(2-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)-6-[(5Z)-5-[(4-methylphenyl)methylidene]-4-oxo-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]hexanamide
    —— N-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)-6-[(5Z)-5-[(4-methylphenyl)methylidene]-4-oxo-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]hexanamide —— C23H23N3O5S2
    N-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)-6-[(5Z)-5-[(4-methylphenyl)methylidene]-4-oxo-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]hexanamide
    —— 6-[(5Z)-5-[(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)methylidene]-4-oxo-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]-N-(2-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)hexanamide —— C24H25N3O7S2
    6-[(5Z)-5-[(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)methylidene]-4-oxo-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]-N-(2-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)hexanamide
    —— N-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)-6-[(5Z)-5-[(4-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-4-oxo-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]hexanamide —— C23H23N3O6S2
    N-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)-6-[(5Z)-5-[(4-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-4-oxo-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]hexanamide
    —— 6-[(5Z)-5-benzylidene-4-oxo-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]-N-(2-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)hexanamide —— C22H21N3O5S2
    6-[(5Z)-5-benzylidene-4-oxo-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]-N-(2-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)hexanamide
    —— 6-[(5Z)-5-benzylidene-4-oxo-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]-N-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)hexanamide —— C22H21N3O5S2
    6-[(5Z)-5-benzylidene-4-oxo-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]-N-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)hexanamide
    —— (Z)-4-(5-(benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-ylmethylene)-4-oxo-2-thioxothiazolidin-3-yl)-N-(2-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)butanamide —— C21H17N3O7S2
    (Z)-4-(5-(benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-ylmethylene)-4-oxo-2-thioxothiazolidin-3-yl)-N-(2-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)butanamide
    —— 4-[(5Z)-5-[(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)methylidene]-4-oxo-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]-N-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)butanamide —— C22H21N3O7S2
    4-[(5Z)-5-[(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)methylidene]-4-oxo-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]-N-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)butanamide
    —— (5E)-2-(2-ethoxyphenyl)imino-5-[(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C18H15N3O5S
    (5E)-2-(2-ethoxyphenyl)imino-5-[(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— (5Z)-3-amino-5-[(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C10H7N3O4S2
    (5Z)-3-amino-5-[(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 4-[(5Z)-5-[(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)methylidene]-4-oxo-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]-N-(2-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)butanamide —— C22H21N3O7S2
    4-[(5Z)-5-[(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)methylidene]-4-oxo-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]-N-(2-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)butanamide
    —— 2-[(5Z)-5-[(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)methylidene]-4-oxo-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]-N-(2-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)acetamide —— C20H17N3O7S2
    2-[(5Z)-5-[(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)methylidene]-4-oxo-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]-N-(2-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)acetamide
    —— 2-[(5Z)-5-[(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)methylidene]-4-oxo-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]-N-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)acetamide —— C20H17N3O7S2
    2-[(5Z)-5-[(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)methylidene]-4-oxo-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]-N-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)acetamide
    —— 3-[(Z)-(3-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C10H8N2O2S2
    3-[(Z)-(3-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— (5E)-2-(2-ethoxyphenyl)imino-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C19H18N2O4S
    (5E)-2-(2-ethoxyphenyl)imino-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— N-(2-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)-4-[(5Z)-5-[(3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-4-oxo-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]butanamide —— C21H19N3O6S2
    N-(2-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)-4-[(5Z)-5-[(3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-4-oxo-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]butanamide
    —— N-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)-4-[(5Z)-5-[(3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-4-oxo-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]butanamide —— C21H19N3O6S2
    N-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)-4-[(5Z)-5-[(3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-4-oxo-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]butanamide
    —— 4-[[5-amino-1-[(3R)-1,1-dioxothiolan-3-yl]pyrazol-4-yl]methyl]phenol —— C14H17N3O3S
    4-[[5-amino-1-[(3R)-1,1-dioxothiolan-3-yl]pyrazol-4-yl]methyl]phenol
    —— 4-[[5-amino-1-[(3S)-1,1-dioxothiolan-3-yl]pyrazol-4-yl]methyl]phenol —— C14H17N3O3S
    4-[[5-amino-1-[(3S)-1,1-dioxothiolan-3-yl]pyrazol-4-yl]methyl]phenol
    —— 2-[(5Z)-5-[(4-ethoxyphenyl)methylidene]-4-oxo-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]-N-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)acetamide —— C20H17N3O6S2
    2-[(5Z)-5-[(4-ethoxyphenyl)methylidene]-4-oxo-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]-N-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)acetamide
    —— (5Z)-5-[(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione —— C18H15NO6S
    (5Z)-5-[(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione
    —— 3-[(5Z)-5-(2,4-dihydroxybenzylidene)-4-oxo-2-thioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]propanoic acid —— C13H11NO5S2
    3-[(5Z)-5-(2,4-dihydroxybenzylidene)-4-oxo-2-thioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]propanoic acid
    —— 3-[[(5Z)-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2,4-dioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]methyl]benzoic acid —— C19H15NO6S
    3-[[(5Z)-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2,4-dioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]methyl]benzoic acid
    —— 4-[[(2R)-2-[5-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-1,2-oxazol-3-yl]azepan-1-yl]methyl]-2-methoxyphenol —— C25H30N2O5
    4-[[(2R)-2-[5-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-1,2-oxazol-3-yl]azepan-1-yl]methyl]-2-methoxyphenol
    —— 2,6-dimethoxy-4-[[(2R)-2-(5-thiophen-2-yl-1,2-oxazol-3-yl)azepan-1-yl]methyl]phenol —— C22H26N2O4S
    2,6-dimethoxy-4-[[(2R)-2-(5-thiophen-2-yl-1,2-oxazol-3-yl)azepan-1-yl]methyl]phenol
    —— 4-[[(2R)-2-[5-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1,2-oxazol-3-yl]azepan-1-yl]methyl]-2-methoxyphenol —— C24H26N2O5
    4-[[(2R)-2-[5-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1,2-oxazol-3-yl]azepan-1-yl]methyl]-2-methoxyphenol
    —— 2,6-dimethoxy-4-[[(2R)-2-(5-propyl-1,2-oxazol-3-yl)azepan-1-yl]methyl]phenol —— C21H30N2O4
    2,6-dimethoxy-4-[[(2R)-2-(5-propyl-1,2-oxazol-3-yl)azepan-1-yl]methyl]phenol
    —— 2,6-dimethoxy-4-[[(2R)-2-(1-methylpyrazol-3-yl)azepan-1-yl]methyl]phenol —— C19H27N3O3
    2,6-dimethoxy-4-[[(2R)-2-(1-methylpyrazol-3-yl)azepan-1-yl]methyl]phenol
    —— (5E)-5-[(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)methylidene]-2-(2-methylphenyl)imino-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C19H18N2O2S
    (5E)-5-[(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)methylidene]-2-(2-methylphenyl)imino-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 3,4,5-trihydroxy-N-[(Z)-(4-methylphenyl)methylideneamino]benzamide —— C15H14N2O4
    3,4,5-trihydroxy-N-[(Z)-(4-methylphenyl)methylideneamino]benzamide
    —— 3,4,5-trihydroxy-N-[(Z)-(3-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]benzamide —— C14H12N2O5
    3,4,5-trihydroxy-N-[(Z)-(3-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]benzamide
    —— 2-hydroxy-3,5-dinitro-N-[(Z)-pyridin-4-ylmethylideneamino]benzamide —— C13H9N5O6
    2-hydroxy-3,5-dinitro-N-[(Z)-pyridin-4-ylmethylideneamino]benzamide
    —— 3,4,5-trihydroxy-N-[(Z)-[4-methoxy-3-[(3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)methyl]phenyl]methylideneamino]benzamide —— C18H16N6O7
    3,4,5-trihydroxy-N-[(Z)-[4-methoxy-3-[(3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)methyl]phenyl]methylideneamino]benzamide
    —— (3Z,5E)-3,5-bis[(3,5-dibromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-1-methylpiperidin-4-one —— C20H15Br4NO3
    (3Z,5E)-3,5-bis[(3,5-dibromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-1-methylpiperidin-4-one
    —— (5Z)-5-[(2-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)methylene]-2-[2-[4-(4-nitrophenyl)thiazol-2-yl]hydrazino]thiazol-4-one —— C20H15N5O5S2
    (5Z)-5-[(2-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)methylene]-2-[2-[4-(4-nitrophenyl)thiazol-2-yl]hydrazino]thiazol-4-one
    —— 2-methoxy-6-[[[(3S,5R)-3-(3-propan-2-yloxyphenyl)-5-sulfanyl-1,2,4-triazolidin-4-yl]amino]methyl]phenol —— C19H26N4O3S
    2-methoxy-6-[[[(3S,5R)-3-(3-propan-2-yloxyphenyl)-5-sulfanyl-1,2,4-triazolidin-4-yl]amino]methyl]phenol
    —— 2-methoxy-6-[[[(3S,5S)-3-(3-propan-2-yloxyphenyl)-5-sulfanyl-1,2,4-triazolidin-4-yl]amino]methyl]phenol —— C19H26N4O3S
    2-methoxy-6-[[[(3S,5S)-3-(3-propan-2-yloxyphenyl)-5-sulfanyl-1,2,4-triazolidin-4-yl]amino]methyl]phenol
    —— (E)-2-[4-(4-ethoxyphenyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]-3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enenitrile —— C21H18N2O3S
    (E)-2-[4-(4-ethoxyphenyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]-3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enenitrile
    —— (5Z)-3-[(4-chloroanilino)methyl]-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione —— C18H15ClN2O4S
    (5Z)-3-[(4-chloroanilino)methyl]-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione
    —— N-[(5Z)-5-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)-4-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]acetamide —— C12H10N2O3S
    N-[(5Z)-5-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)-4-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]acetamide
    —— (E)-2-cyano-3-[5-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)furan-2-yl]-N-(2-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)prop-2-enamide —— C20H11Cl2N3O5
    (E)-2-cyano-3-[5-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)furan-2-yl]-N-(2-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)prop-2-enamide
    —— (5Z)-5-[(5-chloro-2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-(2-oxo-2-piperidin-1-ylethyl)-1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione —— C18H19ClN2O5S
    (5Z)-5-[(5-chloro-2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-(2-oxo-2-piperidin-1-ylethyl)-1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione
    —— (2E)-2-{[(2-hydroxy-4-methylphenyl)amino]methylidene}-6-methylcyclohexanone —— C15H19NO2
    (2E)-2-{[(2-hydroxy-4-methylphenyl)amino]methylidene}-6-methylcyclohexanone
    —— N-[(2R)-2-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-morpholin-4-ylethyl]-3-hydroxy-4-nitrobenzamide —— C19H20FN3O5
    N-[(2R)-2-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-morpholin-4-ylethyl]-3-hydroxy-4-nitrobenzamide
    —— (4Z)-2-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-[(2-hydroxy-4-nitroanilino)methylidene]-5-methylpyrazol-3-one —— C17H13FN4O4
    (4Z)-2-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-[(2-hydroxy-4-nitroanilino)methylidene]-5-methylpyrazol-3-one
    —— 3-Hexyl-5-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-2-thioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one 611185-79-6 C17H21NO3S2
    3-Hexyl-5-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-2-thioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 2,6-Dimethyl-4-((E)-2-nitro-vinyl)-phenol 210057-08-2 C10H11NO3
    2,6-Dimethyl-4-((E)-2-nitro-vinyl)-phenol
    —— (E)-2-cyano-3-[(5E)-5-[(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-4-oxo-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]prop-2-enamide —— C15H11N3O4S2
    (E)-2-cyano-3-[(5E)-5-[(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-4-oxo-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]prop-2-enamide
    —— (2Z,5E)-2,5-bis[(Z)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enylidene]cyclopentan-1-one —— C25H24O5
    (2Z,5E)-2,5-bis[(Z)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enylidene]cyclopentan-1-one