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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 2-[7-[[2-(2,3-difluorophenyl)-7,8-dihydro-6H-imidazo[4,5-c]azocin-6-yl]methyl]-4-methyl-2,3-dihydrooxepin-5-yl]-5-methoxyphenol —— C29H27F2N3O3
    2-[7-[[2-(2,3-difluorophenyl)-7,8-dihydro-6H-imidazo[4,5-c]azocin-6-yl]methyl]-4-methyl-2,3-dihydrooxepin-5-yl]-5-methoxyphenol
    —— 1-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)dodecan-4-one —— C18H28O3
    1-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)dodecan-4-one
    —— (E)-3-Benzofuran-2-yl-1-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)-propenone 67262-08-2 C18H14O4
    (E)-3-Benzofuran-2-yl-1-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)-propenone
    —— 2-[[[6-Amino-2-(2-morpholin-4-ylethoxy)pyrimidin-4-yl]diazenyl]methyl]-4-methylphenol —— C18H24N6O3
    2-[[[6-Amino-2-(2-morpholin-4-ylethoxy)pyrimidin-4-yl]diazenyl]methyl]-4-methylphenol
    —— [2-Hydroxy-1-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylamino]ethyl]-methyl-methylidenephosphanium —— C11H17NO2P+
    [2-Hydroxy-1-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylamino]ethyl]-methyl-methylidenephosphanium
    —— N-[(Z)-[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]methylideneamino]-2-hydroxy-3,5-dinitrobenzamide —— C16H15N5O6
    N-[(Z)-[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]methylideneamino]-2-hydroxy-3,5-dinitrobenzamide
    —— 4-(Dihexylamino)-2-hexoxyphenol;4-(dihexylamino)-2-hexylphenol;4-(dihexylamino)-2-methoxy-6-methylphenol;4-methyl-2-pentan-3-yloxyphenol —— C80H139N3O7
    4-(Dihexylamino)-2-hexoxyphenol;4-(dihexylamino)-2-hexylphenol;4-(dihexylamino)-2-methoxy-6-methylphenol;4-methyl-2-pentan-3-yloxyphenol
    —— 4-(1-Nitrosopentyl)phenol —— C11H15NO2
    4-(1-Nitrosopentyl)phenol
    —— 2-Decyl-5-heptyl-6-hexyl-3-nonyl-4-octylphenol —— C46H86O
    2-Decyl-5-heptyl-6-hexyl-3-nonyl-4-octylphenol
    —— 4-(21-Thia-22,23,24-triazapentacyclo[16.2.1.13,6.18,11.113,16]tetracosa-1(20),2,4,6,8,10,12,14,16,18-decaen-2-yl)phenol —— C26H19N3OS
    4-(21-Thia-22,23,24-triazapentacyclo[16.2.1.13,6.18,11.113,16]tetracosa-1(20),2,4,6,8,10,12,14,16,18-decaen-2-yl)phenol
    —— ethyl (2Z)-5-(3-ethoxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-2-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-7-methyl-3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate —— C27H28N2O7S
    ethyl (2Z)-5-(3-ethoxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-2-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-7-methyl-3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate
    —— (2Z,5Z)-5-[(4-Hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-phenyl-2-(phenylimino)-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C22H16N2O2S
    (2Z,5Z)-5-[(4-Hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-phenyl-2-(phenylimino)-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— [2-Amino-2-ethyl-3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)diaziridin-2-ium-1-yl]-(4-ethyl-4-nitrocyclohexa-1,5-dien-1-yl)methanone —— C18H23N4O4+
    [2-Amino-2-ethyl-3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)diaziridin-2-ium-1-yl]-(4-ethyl-4-nitrocyclohexa-1,5-dien-1-yl)methanone
    —— diethyl (2Z)-5-amino-2-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)-7-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyridine-6,8-dicarboxylate —— C26H24N2O7S
    diethyl (2Z)-5-amino-2-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)-7-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyridine-6,8-dicarboxylate
    —— ethane;2-(3H-pyrrol-5-yl)phenol —— C14H21NO
    ethane;2-(3H-pyrrol-5-yl)phenol
    —— (5E)-5-[(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-3-(4-methylphenyl)-2-(4-methylphenyl)imino-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C24H19N3O4S
    (5E)-5-[(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-3-(4-methylphenyl)-2-(4-methylphenyl)imino-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— ethyl (2Z)-5-amino-6-cyano-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-7-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyridine-8-carboxylate —— C26H23N3O7S
    ethyl (2Z)-5-amino-6-cyano-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-7-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyridine-8-carboxylate
    —— (5E)-5-(3-bromo-2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzylidene)-3-phenyl-1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione —— C16H9BrN2O5S
    (5E)-5-(3-bromo-2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzylidene)-3-phenyl-1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione
    —— [2-(2-Hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)ethyl-propylsulfamoyl]methyl-(2-methylbutyl)carbamic acid —— C18H29N3O7S
    [2-(2-Hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)ethyl-propylsulfamoyl]methyl-(2-methylbutyl)carbamic acid
    —— 3,5-Dimethylphenol;2-(methylideneamino)benzene-1,4-diol —— C15H17NO3
    3,5-Dimethylphenol;2-(methylideneamino)benzene-1,4-diol
    —— 5-[(Z)-[[4,6-di(piperidin-1-yl)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]-methylhydrazinylidene]methyl]-2-methoxyphenol —— C22H31N7O2
    5-[(Z)-[[4,6-di(piperidin-1-yl)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]-methylhydrazinylidene]methyl]-2-methoxyphenol
    —— 5-[2-[(3-Hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]heptylidene]-1-prop-2-enyl-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-diazinane-4,6-dione —— C22H26N2O4S
    5-[2-[(3-Hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]heptylidene]-1-prop-2-enyl-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-diazinane-4,6-dione
    —— Benzene;ethane;phenol;propane —— C21H38O
    Benzene;ethane;phenol;propane
    —— S-ethyl 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)propanethioate —— C11H14O2S
    S-ethyl 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)propanethioate
    —— Ethane;2-prop-2-enylphenol —— C11H16O
    Ethane;2-prop-2-enylphenol
    —— (5E)-3-(2-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)-5-[(2-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-phenylimidazol-4-one —— C23H17N3O5
    (5E)-3-(2-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)-5-[(2-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-phenylimidazol-4-one
    —— 3-(2,4-Dichloro-benzoyl)-5-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzylidene)-2-thioxo-imidazolidin-4-one —— C18H12Cl2N2O4S
    3-(2,4-Dichloro-benzoyl)-5-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzylidene)-2-thioxo-imidazolidin-4-one
    —— 2-Methoxy-5-[[[7-methyl-6-(2-propoxyphenyl)thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]diazenyl]methyl]phenol —— C24H24N4O3S
    2-Methoxy-5-[[[7-methyl-6-(2-propoxyphenyl)thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]diazenyl]methyl]phenol
    —— (5E)-2-[(4,5-dimethyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)hydrazinylidene]-5-[(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C16H16N4O3S2
    (5E)-2-[(4,5-dimethyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)hydrazinylidene]-5-[(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 4-(3,4-Dihydro-1,2-benzodioxin-3-ylmethyl)-2,6-dimethoxyphenol —— C17H18O5
    4-(3,4-Dihydro-1,2-benzodioxin-3-ylmethyl)-2,6-dimethoxyphenol
    —— ethyl (2Z)-2-[(2-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-5-(2-methoxyphenyl)-7-methyl-3-oxo-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate —— C24H21N3O7S
    ethyl (2Z)-2-[(2-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-5-(2-methoxyphenyl)-7-methyl-3-oxo-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate
    —— 2-methoxy-5-[(Z)-(pyridin-2-ylhydrazinylidene)methyl]phenol —— C13H13N3O2
    2-methoxy-5-[(Z)-(pyridin-2-ylhydrazinylidene)methyl]phenol
    —— 3,4,5-trihydroxy-N-[(Z)-1-(3-nitrophenyl)ethylideneamino]benzamide —— C15H13N3O6
    3,4,5-trihydroxy-N-[(Z)-1-(3-nitrophenyl)ethylideneamino]benzamide
    —— (2Z,6E)-2,6-bis[(E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enylidene]-4-methylcyclohexan-1-one —— C27H28O5
    (2Z,6E)-2,6-bis[(E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enylidene]-4-methylcyclohexan-1-one
    —— Diethyl 4-(2-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)-2,6-dimethyl-3,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate —— C19H22N2O7
    Diethyl 4-(2-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)-2,6-dimethyl-3,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate
    —— 1-N,1-N'-dimethyl-1-N,1-N'-di(propan-2-yl)ethane-1,1-diamine;ethane;phenol —— C26H48N2O2
    1-N,1-N'-dimethyl-1-N,1-N'-di(propan-2-yl)ethane-1,1-diamine;ethane;phenol
    —— 2-[2-[1-(4-Chloro-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroxyphenyl)cyclobutyl]-2-(dimethylamino)-1,1-dihydroxyethyl]propane-1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptol —— C17H26ClNO13
    2-[2-[1-(4-Chloro-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroxyphenyl)cyclobutyl]-2-(dimethylamino)-1,1-dihydroxyethyl]propane-1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptol
    —— 3-[5-[(3,4-Dihydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-4-oxo-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]heptanedioic acid —— C18H19NO8S2
    3-[5-[(3,4-Dihydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-4-oxo-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]heptanedioic acid
    —— ethyl (2Z)-2-[(4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-7-methyl-3-oxo-5-phenyl-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate —— C23H19N3O6S
    ethyl (2Z)-2-[(4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-7-methyl-3-oxo-5-phenyl-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate
    —— ethyl (2Z)-2-(5-bromo-2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-7-methyl-3-oxo-5-(thiophen-2-yl)-2,3-dihydro-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate —— C22H19BrN2O5S2
    ethyl (2Z)-2-(5-bromo-2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-7-methyl-3-oxo-5-(thiophen-2-yl)-2,3-dihydro-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate
    —— 4-[[Ditert-butyl-(4-methoxyphenyl)silyl]methylsulfanyl]-2,6-dimethylphenol —— C24H36O2SSi
    4-[[Ditert-butyl-(4-methoxyphenyl)silyl]methylsulfanyl]-2,6-dimethylphenol
    —— 4-(3,3-Dimethyl-4-pyridin-2-ylbutan-2-yl)oxy-3,5-dimethylphenol;ethane —— C23H37NO2
    4-(3,3-Dimethyl-4-pyridin-2-ylbutan-2-yl)oxy-3,5-dimethylphenol;ethane
    —— (3E)-3-[[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethylamino]methylidene]-1H-indol-2-one —— C17H16N2O3
    (3E)-3-[[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethylamino]methylidene]-1H-indol-2-one
    —— (5E)-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-(1-phenylethyl)-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C19H17NO3S2
    (5E)-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-(1-phenylethyl)-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 4-(3-Chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-6-(furan-2-yl)-2-methyl-3,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarbonitrile —— C18H12ClN3O2
    4-(3-Chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-6-(furan-2-yl)-2-methyl-3,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarbonitrile
    —— 2-[(4-Hydroxyphenoxy)methyl]butanamide —— C11H15NO3
    2-[(4-Hydroxyphenoxy)methyl]butanamide
    —— 5-tert-butyl-1-(3,3-dimethylbutyl)-3-(1-ethoxy-6-hydroxy-1-oxo-2,4-dihydro-2,4,1λ5-benzodiazaphosphinin-3-ylidene)-4-hydroxypyrrol-2-one —— C23H34N3O5P
    5-tert-butyl-1-(3,3-dimethylbutyl)-3-(1-ethoxy-6-hydroxy-1-oxo-2,4-dihydro-2,4,1λ5-benzodiazaphosphinin-3-ylidene)-4-hydroxypyrrol-2-one
    —— 2-Ethyl-6-methyltricyclo[9.4.0.03,7]pentadeca-1,3(7),10,12,14-pentaen-14-ol —— C18H22O
    2-Ethyl-6-methyltricyclo[9.4.0.03,7]pentadeca-1,3(7),10,12,14-pentaen-14-ol
    —— 1,2,4,5-Tetrafluoro-3-(2-hexyldecoxy)-6-(trioxidanylsulfanyl)benzene;1,2,5-trifluoro-3-methoxy-4-(trifluoromethyl)-6-(trioxidanylsulfanyl)benzene;2,4,5-trifluoro-3-methoxy-6-(trioxidanylsulfanyl)phenol —— C37H43F13O13S3
    1,2,4,5-Tetrafluoro-3-(2-hexyldecoxy)-6-(trioxidanylsulfanyl)benzene;1,2,5-trifluoro-3-methoxy-4-(trifluoromethyl)-6-(trioxidanylsulfanyl)benzene;2,4,5-trifluoro-3-methoxy-6-(trioxidanylsulfanyl)phenol
    —— 2-(5-Amino-1-hydroxypent-2-enylidene)-5-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-methylimidazolidin-4-one —— C16H19N3O3
    2-(5-Amino-1-hydroxypent-2-enylidene)-5-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-methylimidazolidin-4-one