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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 4-(2-Hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)-4-oxo-but-2-enoic acid benzo[1,3]dioxol-5-ylmethyl-(cyclohexylcarbamoyl-pyridin-4-yl-methyl)-amide —— C32H33N3O7
    4-(2-Hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)-4-oxo-but-2-enoic acid benzo[1,3]dioxol-5-ylmethyl-(cyclohexylcarbamoyl-pyridin-4-yl-methyl)-amide
    —— (E)-N-[2-(cyclohexylamino)-2-oxoethyl]-N-[(4-fluorophenyl)methyl]-4-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxobut-2-enamide —— C26H29FN2O5
    (E)-N-[2-(cyclohexylamino)-2-oxoethyl]-N-[(4-fluorophenyl)methyl]-4-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxobut-2-enamide
    —— (E)-N-[2-(cyclohexylamino)-2-oxo-1-pyridin-4-ylethyl]-N-(furan-2-ylmethyl)-4-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxobut-2-enamide —— C29H31N3O6
    (E)-N-[2-(cyclohexylamino)-2-oxo-1-pyridin-4-ylethyl]-N-(furan-2-ylmethyl)-4-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxobut-2-enamide
    —— (E)-N-[2-(cyclohexylamino)-2-oxoethyl]-4-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-N-(oxolan-2-ylmethyl)but-2-enamide —— C24H32N2O6
    (E)-N-[2-(cyclohexylamino)-2-oxoethyl]-4-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-N-(oxolan-2-ylmethyl)but-2-enamide
    —— Tetrafluor-p-benzo-semichinon 24719-25-3 C6HF4O2
    Tetrafluor-p-benzo-semichinon
    —— (E)-N-[2-(cyclohexylamino)-1-(2-fluorophenyl)-2-oxoethyl]-4-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-N-(thiophen-2-ylmethyl)but-2-enamide —— C30H31FN2O5S
    (E)-N-[2-(cyclohexylamino)-1-(2-fluorophenyl)-2-oxoethyl]-4-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-N-(thiophen-2-ylmethyl)but-2-enamide
    —— (E)-N-[2-(cyclohexylamino)-2-oxoethyl]-4-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-N-[(2-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-4-oxobut-2-enamide —— C27H32N2O6
    (E)-N-[2-(cyclohexylamino)-2-oxoethyl]-4-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-N-[(2-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-4-oxobut-2-enamide
    —— (E)-N-[2-(cyclohexylamino)-2-oxoethyl]-N-(furan-2-ylmethyl)-4-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxobut-2-enamide —— C24H28N2O6
    (E)-N-[2-(cyclohexylamino)-2-oxoethyl]-N-(furan-2-ylmethyl)-4-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxobut-2-enamide
    —— 4-(2-Hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)-4-oxo-but-2-enoic acid benzyl-(cyclohexylcarbamoyl-pyridin-4-yl-methyl)-amide —— C31H33N3O5
    4-(2-Hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)-4-oxo-but-2-enoic acid benzyl-(cyclohexylcarbamoyl-pyridin-4-yl-methyl)-amide
    —— (E)-N-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-ylmethyl)-N-[2-(cyclohexylamino)-2-oxoethyl]-4-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxobut-2-enamide —— C27H30N2O7
    (E)-N-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-ylmethyl)-N-[2-(cyclohexylamino)-2-oxoethyl]-4-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxobut-2-enamide
    —— 7-chloro-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-benzo[7]annulen-4-ol —— C11H13ClO
    7-chloro-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-benzo[7]annulen-4-ol
    —— 1-(2-Hydroxy-3,4,5,6-tetramethylphenyl)sulfinamoyloxy-2,3,4,5,6-pentamethylbenzene;1-(4-hydroxy-2,3,5,6-tetramethylphenyl)sulfinamoyloxy-2,3,4,5,6-pentamethylbenzene —— C42H58N2O6S2
    1-(2-Hydroxy-3,4,5,6-tetramethylphenyl)sulfinamoyloxy-2,3,4,5,6-pentamethylbenzene;1-(4-hydroxy-2,3,5,6-tetramethylphenyl)sulfinamoyloxy-2,3,4,5,6-pentamethylbenzene
    —— Bis[2-(4-phenylmethoxyphenyl)ethyl] propanedioate;ethane —— C37H44O6
    Bis[2-(4-phenylmethoxyphenyl)ethyl] propanedioate;ethane
    —— Ethane;2-methylphenol —— C15H32O
    Ethane;2-methylphenol
    —— (2E)-2-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enenitrile —— C17H13N3O2
    (2E)-2-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enenitrile
    —— (5E)-5-[(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione —— C12H11NO3S
    (5E)-5-[(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione
    —— (5E)-3-[2-(azepan-1-yl)-2-oxoethyl]-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-prop-2-enylphenyl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione —— C22H26N2O5S
    (5E)-3-[2-(azepan-1-yl)-2-oxoethyl]-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-prop-2-enylphenyl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione
    —— 6-hydroxy-2-[(Z)-2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)ethenyl]-5-nitropyrimidin-4(3H)-one —— C13H11N3O6
    6-hydroxy-2-[(Z)-2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)ethenyl]-5-nitropyrimidin-4(3H)-one
    —— 2-(5-pyrazin-2-yl-4,5-dihydro-3H-pyrazol-3-yl)phenol —— C13H12N4O
    2-(5-pyrazin-2-yl-4,5-dihydro-3H-pyrazol-3-yl)phenol
    —— 2-Methoxy-3-(6-methylheptan-2-yl)benzene-1,4-diol —— C15H24O3
    2-Methoxy-3-(6-methylheptan-2-yl)benzene-1,4-diol
    —— 4-[3-[(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)methyl]-1H-benzimidazol-2-ylidene]-2,6-dimethoxycyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one —— C24H24N2O6
    4-[3-[(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)methyl]-1H-benzimidazol-2-ylidene]-2,6-dimethoxycyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one
    —— cyclohexylmethyl 4-ethyl-6-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-oxo-5,6-dihydro-1H-pyrimidine-5-carboxylate —— C21H28N2O5
    cyclohexylmethyl 4-ethyl-6-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-oxo-5,6-dihydro-1H-pyrimidine-5-carboxylate
    —— 6-[(Z)-2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)ethenyl]-5-nitropyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione —— C13H11N3O6
    6-[(Z)-2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)ethenyl]-5-nitropyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione
    —— (5Z)-2-amino-5-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzylidene)-4,6-dimethyl-5H-cyclopenta[b]pyridine-3,7-dicarbonitrile —— C20H16N4O2
    (5Z)-2-amino-5-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzylidene)-4,6-dimethyl-5H-cyclopenta[b]pyridine-3,7-dicarbonitrile
    —— Chloromethane;ethane;phenol —— C15H33ClO
    Chloromethane;ethane;phenol
    —— (5E)-2-(4-hydroxyanilino)-5-[(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazol-4-one —— C18H16N2O5S
    (5E)-2-(4-hydroxyanilino)-5-[(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazol-4-one
    —— 1-[1-(4-Fluoro-2,3,5-trihydroxy-6-methylphenyl)ethyl]-3-methyl-3-propan-2-yl-1-[3-[(1,1,2,2-tetrahydroxy-5-oxohexyl)-(1,1,2,2-tetrahydroxypropyl)amino]butyl]urea —— C27H46FN3O13
    1-[1-(4-Fluoro-2,3,5-trihydroxy-6-methylphenyl)ethyl]-3-methyl-3-propan-2-yl-1-[3-[(1,1,2,2-tetrahydroxy-5-oxohexyl)-(1,1,2,2-tetrahydroxypropyl)amino]butyl]urea
    —— (5E)-5-[(2-hydroxy-3,5-dinitrophenyl)methylidene]-2-imino-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C10H6N4O6S
    (5E)-5-[(2-hydroxy-3,5-dinitrophenyl)methylidene]-2-imino-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— (5Z)-5-[(3,5-dibromo-2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-imino-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C11H8Br2N2O3S
    (5Z)-5-[(3,5-dibromo-2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-imino-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— (5E)-5-[(3,5-dibromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-imino-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C10H6Br2N2O2S
    (5E)-5-[(3,5-dibromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-imino-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 5-(3,4-dihydroxybenzylidene)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)rhodanine —— C16H11NO5S2
    5-(3,4-dihydroxybenzylidene)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)rhodanine
    —— (5Z)-5-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-(morpholin-4-ylmethyl)-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C15H16N2O3S2
    (5Z)-5-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-(morpholin-4-ylmethyl)-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— (5Z)-2-(4-fluorophenyl)imino-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-prop-2-enylphenyl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C20H17FN2O3S
    (5Z)-2-(4-fluorophenyl)imino-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-prop-2-enylphenyl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— (5Z)-2-(4-fluorophenyl)imino-5-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C17H13FN2O3S
    (5Z)-2-(4-fluorophenyl)imino-5-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— (5Z)-2-(4-chloro-2-methylphenyl)imino-5-[(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C18H15ClN2O3S
    (5Z)-2-(4-chloro-2-methylphenyl)imino-5-[(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— tert-butyl (3R)-3-[(4-hydroxy-3-nitrobenzoyl)(isopropyl)amino]piperidine-1-carboxylate 1163280-81-6 C20H29N3O6
    tert-butyl (3R)-3-[(4-hydroxy-3-nitrobenzoyl)(isopropyl)amino]piperidine-1-carboxylate
    —— (5Z)-2-(5-chloro-2-methylphenyl)imino-5-[(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C18H15ClN2O3S
    (5Z)-2-(5-chloro-2-methylphenyl)imino-5-[(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— (5Z)-2-(5-chloro-2-methylphenyl)imino-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C18H15ClN2O3S
    (5Z)-2-(5-chloro-2-methylphenyl)imino-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— (Z)-4-(4-hydroxy-3-nitroanilino)-4-oxobut-2-enoic acid —— C10H8N2O6
    (Z)-4-(4-hydroxy-3-nitroanilino)-4-oxobut-2-enoic acid
    —— methyl (4Z)-4-[(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-methyl-5-oxo-1-(oxolan-2-ylmethyl)pyrrole-3-carboxylate —— C20H23NO6
    methyl (4Z)-4-[(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-methyl-5-oxo-1-(oxolan-2-ylmethyl)pyrrole-3-carboxylate
    —— 2-Hydroxy-2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)decanamide —— C17H27NO4
    2-Hydroxy-2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)decanamide
    —— Tricyclo[9.4.0.02,4]pentadeca-1(11),2(4),12,14-tetraen-7-yn-15-ol —— C15H14O
    Tricyclo[9.4.0.02,4]pentadeca-1(11),2(4),12,14-tetraen-7-yn-15-ol
    —— methyl (4Z)-4-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-methyl-5-oxo-1-(oxolan-2-ylmethyl)pyrrole-3-carboxylate —— C19H21NO5
    methyl (4Z)-4-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-methyl-5-oxo-1-(oxolan-2-ylmethyl)pyrrole-3-carboxylate
    —— methyl (4Z)-4-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-1-(3-methoxypropyl)-2-methyl-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxylate —— C19H23NO6
    methyl (4Z)-4-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-1-(3-methoxypropyl)-2-methyl-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxylate
    —— 5-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzylidene)-2-(2-methoxy-phenylimino)-thiazolidin-4-one —— C18H16N2O4S
    5-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzylidene)-2-(2-methoxy-phenylimino)-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— Benzene;ethane;phenol;propane —— C48H80O3
    Benzene;ethane;phenol;propane
    —— 4-[6-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3,5-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[5,1-c][1,2,4]triazol-3-yl]phenol —— C12H14N4O2
    4-[6-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3,5-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[5,1-c][1,2,4]triazol-3-yl]phenol
    —— Methyl 2-chloro-2-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dinitrophenyl)propanoate —— C10H9ClN2O7
    Methyl 2-chloro-2-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dinitrophenyl)propanoate
    —— 1-[6-(2-Ethoxyphenyl)-4-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methyldiazenyl]thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-7-yl]-4,5-dihydroxypentan-2-one —— C27H28N4O6S
    1-[6-(2-Ethoxyphenyl)-4-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methyldiazenyl]thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-7-yl]-4,5-dihydroxypentan-2-one
    —— (5E)-5-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-imino-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C11H10N2O3S
    (5E)-5-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-imino-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one