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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— methyl 5-(2-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)pentanoate 1427753-65-8 C12H15ClO3
    methyl 5-(2-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)pentanoate
    —— 4-(1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a-Decahydronaphthalen-1-ylmethyl)-3-methylphenol —— C18H26O
    4-(1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a-Decahydronaphthalen-1-ylmethyl)-3-methylphenol
    —— 5-[2-[(1S,2S,4aS,8aR)-2,5,5,8a-tetramethyl-1,2,3,4,4a,6,7,8-octahydronaphthalen-1-yl]-1-hydroxyethyl]benzene-1,3-diol —— C22H34O3
    5-[2-[(1S,2S,4aS,8aR)-2,5,5,8a-tetramethyl-1,2,3,4,4a,6,7,8-octahydronaphthalen-1-yl]-1-hydroxyethyl]benzene-1,3-diol
    —— 4-[4-[2-Hydroxy-5-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-6-methyl-1,3-dioxan-4-yl]pentyl]-1,3-dioxan-2-yl]phenol —— C26H34O7
    4-[4-[2-Hydroxy-5-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-6-methyl-1,3-dioxan-4-yl]pentyl]-1,3-dioxan-2-yl]phenol
    —— 3-[4-[2-Hydroxy-5-[2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-6-methyl-1,3-dioxan-4-yl]pentyl]-1,3-dioxan-2-yl]phenol —— C26H34O7
    3-[4-[2-Hydroxy-5-[2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-6-methyl-1,3-dioxan-4-yl]pentyl]-1,3-dioxan-2-yl]phenol
    —— 4-Heptyl-2,5-di(pentadecyl)phenol —— C43H80O
    4-Heptyl-2,5-di(pentadecyl)phenol
    —— 2-Pentadecyl-6-tetradecyl-4-undecylphenol —— C46H86O
    2-Pentadecyl-6-tetradecyl-4-undecylphenol
    —— 4-Heptyl-2,6-di(pentadecyl)phenol —— C43H80O
    4-Heptyl-2,6-di(pentadecyl)phenol
    —— 2-(((trans-2-aminocyclohexyl)amino)methyl)-4-methoxyphenol —— C14H22N2O2
    2-(((trans-2-aminocyclohexyl)amino)methyl)-4-methoxyphenol
    —— N-[2-[(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)methylamino]ethyl]carbamate —— C10H12N3O5-
    N-[2-[(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)methylamino]ethyl]carbamate
    —— 1-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one;hydrochloride —— C9H9ClO3
    1-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one;hydrochloride
    —— 5-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-1-phenyl-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-pyrimidinetrione —— C18H14N2O5
    5-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-1-phenyl-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-pyrimidinetrione
    —— 2-[4-[3-(methylamino)-1-phenylpropoxy]phenyl]ethyl (6S)-6-methylnonanoate —— C28H41NO3
    2-[4-[3-(methylamino)-1-phenylpropoxy]phenyl]ethyl (6S)-6-methylnonanoate
    —— (6E)-3-(diethylamino)-6-[(2-hydroxy-5-methylanilino)methylidene]cyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one —— C18H22N2O2
    (6E)-3-(diethylamino)-6-[(2-hydroxy-5-methylanilino)methylidene]cyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one
    —— 5-(2,3-Dibromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzylidene)-3-methyl-2-thioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C12H9Br2NO3S2
    5-(2,3-Dibromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzylidene)-3-methyl-2-thioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— benzyl-[(Z)-2-(2,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-nitroethenyl]azanium —— C15H15N2O4+
    benzyl-[(Z)-2-(2,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-nitroethenyl]azanium
    —— 2-[4-[3-(Chloroamino)-1-phenylpropoxy]phenyl]ethanol —— C17H20ClNO2
    2-[4-[3-(Chloroamino)-1-phenylpropoxy]phenyl]ethanol
    —— (S)-tert-butyl 3-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)phenoxy]-3-phenylpropyl(methyl)carbamate —— C23H31NO4
    (S)-tert-butyl 3-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)phenoxy]-3-phenylpropyl(methyl)carbamate
    —— 2-(4-Butoxyphenyl)ethoxy-tert-butyl-dimethylsilane —— C18H32O2Si
    2-(4-Butoxyphenyl)ethoxy-tert-butyl-dimethylsilane
    —— 2-[4-[3-[3-(Methylamino)phenyl]propoxy]phenyl]ethanol —— C18H23NO2
    2-[4-[3-[3-(Methylamino)phenyl]propoxy]phenyl]ethanol
    —— (3R,4S,5R)-2-[2-(benzylamino)-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)butyl]oxane-3,4,5-triol —— C23H31NO6
    (3R,4S,5R)-2-[2-(benzylamino)-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)butyl]oxane-3,4,5-triol
    —— 2-[[4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1-[(3R,4S,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]butan-2-yl]amino]-2-phenylacetic acid —— C24H31NO8
    2-[[4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1-[(3R,4S,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]butan-2-yl]amino]-2-phenylacetic acid
    —— 4-[4-[2-[Tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxyethyl]phenoxy]-4-phenylbutan-2-amine —— C24H37NO2Si
    4-[4-[2-[Tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxyethyl]phenoxy]-4-phenylbutan-2-amine
    —— 2-[4-[Morpholin-2-yl(phenyl)methoxy]phenyl]ethanol —— C19H23NO3
    2-[4-[Morpholin-2-yl(phenyl)methoxy]phenyl]ethanol
    —— 3-[4-[2-[Tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxyethyl]phenoxy]-3-thiophen-2-ylbutan-1-amine —— C22H35NO2SSi
    3-[4-[2-[Tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxyethyl]phenoxy]-3-thiophen-2-ylbutan-1-amine
    —— 2-[4-[3-(Methylamino)-1-thiophen-2-ylpropoxy]phenyl]ethanol —— C16H21NO2S
    2-[4-[3-(Methylamino)-1-thiophen-2-ylpropoxy]phenyl]ethanol
    —— 1-[2-(Dimethylamino)-1-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)phenoxy]ethyl]cyclohexan-1-ol —— C18H29NO3
    1-[2-(Dimethylamino)-1-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)phenoxy]ethyl]cyclohexan-1-ol
    —— Butane;(3,5-dibutyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)methoxy-hydroxy-oxophosphanium —— C19H34O4P+
    Butane;(3,5-dibutyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)methoxy-hydroxy-oxophosphanium
    —— 2-[4-[2-[3-(Methylamino)phenyl]propan-2-yloxy]phenyl]ethanol;hydrochloride —— C18H24ClNO2
    2-[4-[2-[3-(Methylamino)phenyl]propan-2-yloxy]phenyl]ethanol;hydrochloride
    —— 2-[4-[2-[3-(Methylamino)phenyl]propan-2-yloxy]phenyl]ethanol —— C18H23NO2
    2-[4-[2-[3-(Methylamino)phenyl]propan-2-yloxy]phenyl]ethanol
    —— (E)-N-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]non-7-enamide —— C17H25NO3
    (E)-N-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]non-7-enamide
    —— 2-amino-4-ethyl-N-[(Z)-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxamide —— C14H16N4O3S
    2-amino-4-ethyl-N-[(Z)-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxamide
    —— 4-[ethenyl-[(Z)-prop-1-enyl]amino]-3,5-dimethylphenol —— C13H17NO
    4-[ethenyl-[(Z)-prop-1-enyl]amino]-3,5-dimethylphenol
    —— 2-[Tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]-3-methylphenol —— C13H22OSi
    2-[Tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]-3-methylphenol
    —— 1-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-4,6-bis(sulfanyl)hexan-2-one —— C13H18O3S2
    1-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-4,6-bis(sulfanyl)hexan-2-one
    —— 5-[(Z)-[3-[(2-chlorophenyl)methylsulfanyl]-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl]iminomethyl]-2-methoxyphenol —— C17H15ClN4O2S
    5-[(Z)-[3-[(2-chlorophenyl)methylsulfanyl]-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl]iminomethyl]-2-methoxyphenol
    —— Butane-1,3-dithiol;2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)acetaldehyde —— C13H20O3S2
    Butane-1,3-dithiol;2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)acetaldehyde
    —— (2Z,5Z)-2-[(5-ethyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)imino]-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-prop-2-enyl-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C18H18N4O3S2
    (2Z,5Z)-2-[(5-ethyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)imino]-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-prop-2-enyl-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 2-methoxy-5-[(Z)-[3-[(4-methylphenyl)methylsulfanyl]-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl]iminomethyl]phenol —— C18H18N4O2S
    2-methoxy-5-[(Z)-[3-[(4-methylphenyl)methylsulfanyl]-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl]iminomethyl]phenol
    —— 2-Bromo-6-hydroxy-3-methylbenzonitrile —— C8H6BrNO
    2-Bromo-6-hydroxy-3-methylbenzonitrile
    —— 2-Chloro-3,4-dihydroxy-5-methylbenzaldehyde —— C8H7ClO3
    2-Chloro-3,4-dihydroxy-5-methylbenzaldehyde
    —— 3-[(Z)-[[1-(4-azaniumyl-1,2,5-oxadiazol-3-yl)-5-propyltriazole-4-carbonyl]hydrazinylidene]methyl]phenolate —— C15H16N8O3
    3-[(Z)-[[1-(4-azaniumyl-1,2,5-oxadiazol-3-yl)-5-propyltriazole-4-carbonyl]hydrazinylidene]methyl]phenolate
    —— [3-(4-amino-1,2,5-oxadiazol-3-yl)-5-[[(Z)-(3-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]carbamoyl]triazol-4-yl]methyl-dimethylazanium —— C15H18N9O3+
    [3-(4-amino-1,2,5-oxadiazol-3-yl)-5-[[(Z)-(3-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]carbamoyl]triazol-4-yl]methyl-dimethylazanium
    —— 2-[[Piperidin-1-yl(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)amino]methyl]phenol —— C18H23N3O
    2-[[Piperidin-1-yl(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)amino]methyl]phenol
    —— 3-[(Z)-[[1-(4-amino-1,2,5-oxadiazol-3-yl)-5-[(dimethylazaniumyl)methyl]triazole-4-carbonyl]hydrazinylidene]methyl]phenolate —— C15H17N9O3
    3-[(Z)-[[1-(4-amino-1,2,5-oxadiazol-3-yl)-5-[(dimethylazaniumyl)methyl]triazole-4-carbonyl]hydrazinylidene]methyl]phenolate
    —— 2-[[2-[[2-Hydroxy-5-methyl-3-tri(propan-2-yl)silylphenyl]methylsulfanyl]cyclooctyl]sulfanylmethyl]-4-methyl-6-tri(propan-2-yl)silylphenol —— C42H72O2S2Si2
    2-[[2-[[2-Hydroxy-5-methyl-3-tri(propan-2-yl)silylphenyl]methylsulfanyl]cyclooctyl]sulfanylmethyl]-4-methyl-6-tri(propan-2-yl)silylphenol
    —— 5-[(5-Chloro-2-adamantylidene)-methoxymethyl]-2-methylphenol —— C19H23ClO2
    5-[(5-Chloro-2-adamantylidene)-methoxymethyl]-2-methylphenol
    —— (5E)-3-ethyl-5-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-methylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C13H13NO2S
    (5E)-3-ethyl-5-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-methylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 5-bromo-1-O-methyl-3-n-pentylcatechol —— C12H17BrO2
    5-bromo-1-O-methyl-3-n-pentylcatechol
    —— 3,4-Dimethoxyphenol;2-methoxy-4-prop-2-enylphenol —— C18H22O5
    3,4-Dimethoxyphenol;2-methoxy-4-prop-2-enylphenol