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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 4-[(1R)-2-amino-1-[(2R)-2-methylpiperidin-1-yl]ethyl]-2-chloro-6-methoxyphenol —— C15H23ClN2O2
    4-[(1R)-2-amino-1-[(2R)-2-methylpiperidin-1-yl]ethyl]-2-chloro-6-methoxyphenol
    —— 4-[(1R)-2-amino-1-[(3S,5S)-3,5-dimethylpiperidin-1-yl]ethyl]-2-methoxyphenol —— C16H26N2O2
    4-[(1R)-2-amino-1-[(3S,5S)-3,5-dimethylpiperidin-1-yl]ethyl]-2-methoxyphenol
    —— 2-[(1R)-2-amino-1-[(3S,5S)-3,5-dimethylpiperidin-1-yl]ethyl]-5-methoxyphenol —— C16H26N2O2
    2-[(1R)-2-amino-1-[(3S,5S)-3,5-dimethylpiperidin-1-yl]ethyl]-5-methoxyphenol
    —— 5-[(1R)-2-amino-1-[(2R)-2-methylpiperidin-1-yl]ethyl]-2-methoxyphenol —— C15H24N2O2
    5-[(1R)-2-amino-1-[(2R)-2-methylpiperidin-1-yl]ethyl]-2-methoxyphenol
    —— 1-hydrosulfonyl-N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)formamidine —— C7H7N2O3S-
    1-hydrosulfonyl-N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)formamidine
    —— ethyl (2Z,5R)-2-[(4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-7-methyl-3-oxo-5-phenyl-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate —— C23H19N3O6S
    ethyl (2Z,5R)-2-[(4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-7-methyl-3-oxo-5-phenyl-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate
    —— ethyl (2Z,5S)-2-[(4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-7-methyl-3-oxo-5-phenyl-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate —— C23H19N3O6S
    ethyl (2Z,5S)-2-[(4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-7-methyl-3-oxo-5-phenyl-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate
    —— ethyl (2Z,5R)-2-[(4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-5-(4-methoxyphenyl)-7-methyl-3-oxo-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate —— C24H21N3O7S
    ethyl (2Z,5R)-2-[(4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-5-(4-methoxyphenyl)-7-methyl-3-oxo-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate
    —— 2-Dimethylphosphaniumylethyl(dimethyl)phosphanium;phenol;uranium —— C36H60O4P4U+4
    2-Dimethylphosphaniumylethyl(dimethyl)phosphanium;phenol;uranium
    —— Copper;azane;2,4,6-trichlorophenol —— C12H12Cl6CuN2O2+2
    Copper;azane;2,4,6-trichlorophenol
    —— Cobalt;(3,5-dichloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)chloranium;methanol —— C32H48Cl12Co4O12+4
    Cobalt;(3,5-dichloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)chloranium;methanol
    —— Pentapotassium;2-(dioxidoamino)-3-hydroxy-4,6-dinitrophenolate;hexahydroxide —— C6H8K5N3O14-4
    Pentapotassium;2-(dioxidoamino)-3-hydroxy-4,6-dinitrophenolate;hexahydroxide
    —— 3-hydroxy-N-[(2S)-2-(1H-indol-3-yl)-2-phenylethyl]-4-nitrobenzamide —— C23H19N3O4
    3-hydroxy-N-[(2S)-2-(1H-indol-3-yl)-2-phenylethyl]-4-nitrobenzamide
    —— Azane;osmium(7+);phenol —— C6H21N5OOs+7
    Azane;osmium(7+);phenol
    —— dizinc;8,28-dimethyl-1,4,12,15,18,21,24,32,35,38-decazapentacyclo[33.5.2.215,21.16,10.126,30]hexatetraconta-6,8,10(46),26(43),27,29-hexaene-43,46-diol —— C38H66N10O2Zn2+4
    dizinc;8,28-dimethyl-1,4,12,15,18,21,24,32,35,38-decazapentacyclo[33.5.2.215,21.16,10.126,30]hexatetraconta-6,8,10(46),26(43),27,29-hexaene-43,46-diol
    —— Copper;4-tert-butyl-2-[[16-[(5-tert-butyl-2-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)methyl]-1,4,10,13-tetraoxa-7,16-diazacyclooctadec-7-yl]methyl]-6-nitrophenol —— C34H52CuN4O10+2
    Copper;4-tert-butyl-2-[[16-[(5-tert-butyl-2-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)methyl]-1,4,10,13-tetraoxa-7,16-diazacyclooctadec-7-yl]methyl]-6-nitrophenol
    —— dihydroxy(oxo)azanium;dioxouranium;(2-hydroxyphenyl)methanediol —— C14H20N2O16U2+2
    dihydroxy(oxo)azanium;dioxouranium;(2-hydroxyphenyl)methanediol
    —— copper(1+);8,28-dimethyl-1,4,12,15,18,21,24,32,35,38-decazapentacyclo[33.5.2.215,21.16,10.126,30]hexatetraconta-6,8,10(46),26(43),27,29-hexaene-43,46-diol —— C38H66Cu2N10O2+2
    copper(1+);8,28-dimethyl-1,4,12,15,18,21,24,32,35,38-decazapentacyclo[33.5.2.215,21.16,10.126,30]hexatetraconta-6,8,10(46),26(43),27,29-hexaene-43,46-diol
    —— hydroxy-[2-hydroxy-5-[hydroxy(oxo)azaniumyl]phenyl]-oxoazanium —— C6H6N2O5+2
    hydroxy-[2-hydroxy-5-[hydroxy(oxo)azaniumyl]phenyl]-oxoazanium
    —— (2E,5E)-3-(furan-2-ylmethyl)-5-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)-2-(phenylimino)-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C21H16N2O3S
    (2E,5E)-3-(furan-2-ylmethyl)-5-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)-2-(phenylimino)-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— (2Z,5E)-3-(4-ethylphenyl)-2-[(4-ethylphenyl)imino]-5-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C26H24N2O2S
    (2Z,5E)-3-(4-ethylphenyl)-2-[(4-ethylphenyl)imino]-5-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— Sodium;2,5,8,11,14-pentaoxabicyclo[13.4.0]nonadeca-1(19),15,17-triene;2,4,6-trinitrophenolate —— C20H22N3NaO12
    Sodium;2,5,8,11,14-pentaoxabicyclo[13.4.0]nonadeca-1(19),15,17-triene;2,4,6-trinitrophenolate
    —— ethyl (2E)-2-[(1-ethyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)methylidene]-5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-7-methyl-3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate —— C22H22N4O4S
    ethyl (2E)-2-[(1-ethyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)methylidene]-5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-7-methyl-3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate
    —— (4Z)-4-[(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)methylidene]-1-(4-methylphenyl)pyrazolidine-3,5-dione —— C19H18N2O5
    (4Z)-4-[(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)methylidene]-1-(4-methylphenyl)pyrazolidine-3,5-dione
    —— 2-((2R,4S,5R)-3,4-Dimethyl-5-phenyl-oxazolidin-2-yl)-phenol —— C17H19NO2
    2-((2R,4S,5R)-3,4-Dimethyl-5-phenyl-oxazolidin-2-yl)-phenol
    —— (5E)-3-hexyl-5-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)-2-thioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C16H19NO2S2
    (5E)-3-hexyl-5-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)-2-thioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— (5E)-3-tert-butyl-5-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C14H15NO2S2
    (5E)-3-tert-butyl-5-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— (2E)-2-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-5,6-dihydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazol-3-one —— C12H10N2O2S
    (2E)-2-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-5,6-dihydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazol-3-one
    —— (5E)-3-(4-ethylphenyl)-5-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C18H15NO2S2
    (5E)-3-(4-ethylphenyl)-5-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— (5R)-5-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]oxolan-2-one —— C11H12O3
    (5R)-5-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]oxolan-2-one
    —— 2-[(1R)-1-[(1-ethylpyrazol-4-yl)amino]ethyl]-5-methoxyphenol —— C14H19N3O2
    2-[(1R)-1-[(1-ethylpyrazol-4-yl)amino]ethyl]-5-methoxyphenol
    —— 2-[(1S)-1-[(1-ethylpyrazol-4-yl)amino]ethyl]-5-methylphenol —— C14H19N3O
    2-[(1S)-1-[(1-ethylpyrazol-4-yl)amino]ethyl]-5-methylphenol
    —— 4-methoxy-2-[(1R)-1-(1H-pyrazol-4-ylamino)ethyl]phenol —— C12H15N3O2
    4-methoxy-2-[(1R)-1-(1H-pyrazol-4-ylamino)ethyl]phenol
    —— 2-[(1S)-1-[[(1S)-1-(furan-2-yl)ethyl]amino]ethyl]-4-methylphenol —— C15H19NO2
    2-[(1S)-1-[[(1S)-1-(furan-2-yl)ethyl]amino]ethyl]-4-methylphenol
    —— 2-[(1R)-1-[[(1R)-1-(furan-2-yl)ethyl]amino]ethyl]-5-methoxyphenol —— C15H19NO3
    2-[(1R)-1-[[(1R)-1-(furan-2-yl)ethyl]amino]ethyl]-5-methoxyphenol
    —— 4-[(1R)-1-[[(1R)-1-(furan-2-yl)ethyl]amino]ethyl]-2-methoxyphenol —— C15H19NO3
    4-[(1R)-1-[[(1R)-1-(furan-2-yl)ethyl]amino]ethyl]-2-methoxyphenol
    —— 2-[(1S)-1-[[(1S)-1-(furan-2-yl)ethyl]amino]ethyl]-4-methoxyphenol —— C15H19NO3
    2-[(1S)-1-[[(1S)-1-(furan-2-yl)ethyl]amino]ethyl]-4-methoxyphenol
    —— 2-[(1R)-1-[[(1R)-1-(furan-2-yl)ethyl]amino]ethyl]-4-methylphenol —— C15H19NO2
    2-[(1R)-1-[[(1R)-1-(furan-2-yl)ethyl]amino]ethyl]-4-methylphenol
    —— 2-[(1R)-1-[[(1R)-1-(furan-2-yl)ethyl]amino]ethyl]-4-methoxyphenol —— C15H19NO3
    2-[(1R)-1-[[(1R)-1-(furan-2-yl)ethyl]amino]ethyl]-4-methoxyphenol
    —— 4-[(1R)-1-[[(1S)-1-(furan-2-yl)ethyl]amino]ethyl]-2-methoxyphenol —— C15H19NO3
    4-[(1R)-1-[[(1S)-1-(furan-2-yl)ethyl]amino]ethyl]-2-methoxyphenol
    —— 2-[(1R)-1-[[(1S)-1-(furan-2-yl)ethyl]amino]ethyl]phenol —— C14H17NO2
    2-[(1R)-1-[[(1S)-1-(furan-2-yl)ethyl]amino]ethyl]phenol
    —— 2-[(1R)-1-[[(1S)-1-(furan-2-yl)ethyl]amino]ethyl]-4-methylphenol —— C15H19NO2
    2-[(1R)-1-[[(1S)-1-(furan-2-yl)ethyl]amino]ethyl]-4-methylphenol
    —— (4E)-4-phenyl-4-[(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyl)hydrazinylidene]butanoic acid —— C17H16N2O6
    (4E)-4-phenyl-4-[(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyl)hydrazinylidene]butanoic acid
    —— 2-[(1R)-1-[[(1R)-1-(furan-2-yl)ethyl]amino]ethyl]phenol —— C14H17NO2
    2-[(1R)-1-[[(1R)-1-(furan-2-yl)ethyl]amino]ethyl]phenol
    —— 2-[(1R)-1-[[(1S)-1-(furan-2-yl)ethyl]amino]ethyl]-4-methoxyphenol —— C15H19NO3
    2-[(1R)-1-[[(1S)-1-(furan-2-yl)ethyl]amino]ethyl]-4-methoxyphenol
    —— 2-[(1R)-1-[[(1R)-1-(furan-2-yl)ethyl]amino]ethyl]-5-methylphenol —— C15H19NO2
    2-[(1R)-1-[[(1R)-1-(furan-2-yl)ethyl]amino]ethyl]-5-methylphenol
    —— 2-[(1S)-1-[[(1R)-1-(furan-2-yl)ethyl]amino]ethyl]-4-methoxyphenol —— C15H19NO3
    2-[(1S)-1-[[(1R)-1-(furan-2-yl)ethyl]amino]ethyl]-4-methoxyphenol
    —— 4-methyl-2-[(1S)-1-[(1-methylpyrazol-4-yl)amino]ethyl]phenol —— C13H17N3O
    4-methyl-2-[(1S)-1-[(1-methylpyrazol-4-yl)amino]ethyl]phenol
    —— 3-[(1R)-1-[[(1R)-1-cyclopropylethyl]amino]ethyl]phenol —— C13H19NO
    3-[(1R)-1-[[(1R)-1-cyclopropylethyl]amino]ethyl]phenol
    —— (2Z)-2-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-6-methylcyclohexan-1-one —— C14H16O2
    (2Z)-2-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-6-methylcyclohexan-1-one