酚类是一大类化合物,它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基(-OH)直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中,并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。
结构与分类酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同,可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类:
酚类可以通过多种途径制备:
尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景,但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。
以上是对酚类的简单介绍,涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
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—— | methyl (2E)-2-cyano-2-[(2-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)hydrazinylidene]acetate | —— | C10H8N4O5 |
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—— | (2R)-2-[[2,5-dihydroxy-4-[[(1S)-2-oxocyclooctyl]methyl]phenyl]methyl]cyclooctan-1-one | —— | C24H34O4 |
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—— | (E)-3-(5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)-2-(4-nitrocyclohexyl)prop-2-enenitrile | —— | C15H15ClN2O3 |
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—— | (5Z)-1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-5-[[5-(4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)furan-2-yl]methylidene]-4-methyl-2,6-dioxopyridine-3-carbonitrile | —— | C20H15N3O7 |
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—— | 2-methoxy-5-[(Z)-(2-{4-[(4-nitrophenyl)amino]-6-(phenylamino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl}hydrazinylidene)methyl]phenol | —— | C23H20N8O4 |
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—— | (E)-2-(5-chloro-1,3-benzoxazol-2-yl)-3-(2-hydroxy-5-nitroanilino)prop-2-enenitrile | —— | C16H9ClN4O4 |
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—— | 5-[(Z)-[(2,4-difluorophenyl)hydrazinylidene]methyl]-2-methoxyphenol | —— | C14H12F2N2O2 |
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—— | 5-Amino-7-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-[(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)me thylene]-3-oxo-4,7-dihydro-1,3-thiazolidino[3,2-a]pyridine-6,8-dicarbonitrile | —— | C26H22N4O7S |
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—— | (2E)-1-(4-ethylphenyl)-3-[(2-hydroxy-4-methylphenyl)amino]prop-2-en-1-one | —— | C18H19NO2 |
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—— | (4E)-1-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-[(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]pyrazolidine-3,5-dione | —— | C17H12Cl2N2O4 |
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—— | 3,4,5-trihydroxy-N'-[(1E)-1-(6-oxocyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-ylidene)ethyl]benzohydrazide | —— | C15H14N2O5 |
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—— | methyl (4Z)-4-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)-1-(2-methoxyethyl)-2-methyl-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxylate | —— | C17H19NO5 |
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—— | methyl (4Z)-4-(3-hydroxybenzylidene)-1-(2-methoxyethyl)-2-methyl-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxylate | —— | C17H19NO5 |
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—— | 2-[(5Z)-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2,4-dioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]ethylazanium | —— | C13H15N2O4S+ |
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—— | 2-[(5Z)-5-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzylidene)-4-oxo-2-thioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]ethanesulfonic acid | —— | C13H13NO6S3 |
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—— | (5E)-5-[(5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-(4-ethylphenyl)imino-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one | —— | C18H15ClN2O2S |
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—— | (4R)-1-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)-4-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one | —— | C21H18N4O4S |
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—— | 4-[[(2R)-2-(3,5-dimethyl-1,2-oxazol-4-yl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]methyl]-2,6-dimethoxyphenol | —— | C18H24N2O4 |
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—— | 4-[[(2S)-2-(3,5-dimethyl-1,2-oxazol-4-yl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]methyl]-2,6-dimethoxyphenol | —— | C18H24N2O4 |
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—— | (2Z)-2-(2-hydroxy-3-nitrobenzylidene)-5-(3-methoxyphenyl)-7-methyl-3-oxo-N-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxamide | —— | C28H22N4O6S |
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—— | (4R)-1-(3-chloro-4-methylphenyl)-4-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-methyl-2,4-dihydropyrazolo[3,4-e][1,4]thiazepin-7-one | —— | C22H22ClN3O4S |
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—— | (5Z)-3-cyclopropyl-5-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one | —— | C13H11NO2S2 |
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—— | (2E,5Z)-5-(3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzylidene)-2-[(2-chlorophenyl)imino]-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one | —— | C17H12BrClN2O3S |
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—— | (5E)-5-[(3-bromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-ethyl-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one | —— | C12H10BrNO2S2 |
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—— | propan-2-yl (2Z)-2-(2-hydroxy-3-nitrobenzylidene)-5-(4-methoxyphenyl)-7-methyl-3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate | —— | C25H23N3O7S |
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—— | 2-[(5Z)-5-(3-bromobenzylidene)-4-oxo-2-thioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]-N-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)acetamide | —— | C18H12BrN3O5S2 |
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—— | (4R)-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-methyl-1-(5-phenyl-1,2,4-triazin-3-yl)-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one | —— | C23H20N6O3 |
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—— | (4S)-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-methyl-1-(5-phenyl-1,2,4-triazin-3-yl)-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one | —— | C22H18N6O2 |
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—— | (4S)-4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-3-methyl-1-(5-phenyl-1,2,4-triazin-3-yl)-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one | —— | C22H18N6O2 |
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—— | ethyl (2Z)-2-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-5-(3-methoxy-4-prop-2-enoxyphenyl)-7-methyl-3-oxo-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate | —— | C28H28N2O7S |
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—— | benzyl (2Z)-5-(4-butoxyphenyl)-2-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-7-methyl-3-oxo-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate | —— | C33H32N2O6S |
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—— | benzyl (2Z)-2-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-5-[3-methoxy-4-(3-methylbutoxy)phenyl]-7-methyl-3-oxo-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate | —— | C35H36N2O7S |
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—— | benzyl (2Z)-2-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-7-methyl-3-oxo-5-(4-propoxyphenyl)-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate | —— | C32H30N2O6S |
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—— | propan-2-yl (2Z)-2-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-7-methyl-3-oxo-5-(4-phenylmethoxyphenyl)-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate | —— | C32H30N2O6S |
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—— | prop-2-enyl (2Z)-2-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-7-methyl-3-oxo-5-(4-phenylmethoxyphenyl)-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate | —— | C32H28N2O6S |
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—— | benzyl (2Z)-2-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-5-(3-methoxy-4-phenylmethoxyphenyl)-7-methyl-3-oxo-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate | —— | C37H32N2O7S |
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—— | prop-2-enyl (2Z)-2-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-5-(3-methoxy-4-prop-2-enoxyphenyl)-7-methyl-3-oxo-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate | —— | C29H28N2O7S |
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—— | N-(2-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)-2-[(5Z)-4-oxo-5-(thiophen-2-ylmethylidene)-2-thioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]acetamide | —— | C16H11N3O5S3 |
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—— | methyl (2Z)-2-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-7-methyl-3-oxo-5-(4-phenylmethoxyphenyl)-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate | —— | C30H26N2O6S |
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—— | prop-2-enyl (2Z)-5-(4-butoxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-7-methyl-3-oxo-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate | —— | C30H32N2O7S |
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—— | 2-methylpropyl (2Z)-2-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-5-[3-methoxy-4-(3-methylbutoxy)phenyl]-7-methyl-3-oxo-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate | —— | C32H38N2O7S |
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—— | 2-methylpropyl (2Z)-2-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-5-(3-methoxy-4-phenylmethoxyphenyl)-7-methyl-3-oxo-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate | —— | C34H34N2O7S |
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—— | ethyl (2Z)-2-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-5-(3-methoxy-4-pentoxyphenyl)-7-methyl-3-oxo-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate | —— | C30H34N2O7S |
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—— | propan-2-yl (2Z)-2-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-5-(3-methoxy-4-prop-2-enoxyphenyl)-7-methyl-3-oxo-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate | —— | C29H30N2O7S |
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—— | prop-2-enyl (2Z)-2-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-5-(3-methoxy-4-pentoxyphenyl)-7-methyl-3-oxo-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate | —— | C31H34N2O7S |
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—— | ethyl (2Z)-5-(4-butoxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-7-methyl-3-oxo-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate | —— | C29H32N2O7S |
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—— | benzyl (2Z)-2-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-5-(3-methoxy-4-pentoxyphenyl)-7-methyl-3-oxo-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate | —— | C35H36N2O7S |
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—— | 2-methylpropyl (2Z)-2-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-5-(3-methoxy-4-pentoxyphenyl)-7-methyl-3-oxo-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate | —— | C32H38N2O7S |
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—— | 2-methoxyethyl (2Z)-2-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-5-(3-methoxy-4-pentoxyphenyl)-7-methyl-3-oxo-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate | —— | C31H36N2O8S |
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—— | ethyl (2Z)-2-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-7-methyl-3-oxo-5-(4-phenylmethoxyphenyl)-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate | —— | C31H28N2O6S |
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