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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 4-[5-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-ylmethylene)-4-oxo-2-thioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]-N-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)butanamide —— C21H17N3O7S2
    4-[5-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-ylmethylene)-4-oxo-2-thioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]-N-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)butanamide
    —— 4-Methylphenol;tritiomethane —— C8H12O
    4-Methylphenol;tritiomethane
    —— (5Z)-5-(2-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzylidene)-3-(2-methoxyethyl)-2-thioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C14H14BrNO4S2
    (5Z)-5-(2-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzylidene)-3-(2-methoxyethyl)-2-thioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 4-(1-Diethoxyphosphoryl-2-pyridin-3-yliminoethyl)-2,6-dimethoxyphenol —— C19H25N2O6P
    4-(1-Diethoxyphosphoryl-2-pyridin-3-yliminoethyl)-2,6-dimethoxyphenol
    —— (5Z)-5-(4-hydroxy-3-nitrobenzylidene)-3-(pyridin-3-ylmethyl)-2-thioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C16H11N3O4S2
    (5Z)-5-(4-hydroxy-3-nitrobenzylidene)-3-(pyridin-3-ylmethyl)-2-thioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 3-[(4-Aminophenyl)methoxy]-4-(3-chloro-2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethoxybenzoyl)-5-methylcyclohex-3-en-1-one —— C23H24ClNO6
    3-[(4-Aminophenyl)methoxy]-4-(3-chloro-2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethoxybenzoyl)-5-methylcyclohex-3-en-1-one
    —— 4-[3-(5-methyl-5-phenyl-2H-1,2-oxazol-3-yl)propyl]phenol —— C19H21NO2
    4-[3-(5-methyl-5-phenyl-2H-1,2-oxazol-3-yl)propyl]phenol
    —— 4-Bromo-5-(2-iminoethyl)-2-methoxyphenol —— C9H10BrNO2
    4-Bromo-5-(2-iminoethyl)-2-methoxyphenol
    —— Ethane;2-methylpropyl 2-(4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)acetate —— C15H24O3
    Ethane;2-methylpropyl 2-(4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)acetate
    —— Acetyl-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-dimethylazanium —— C12H18NO2+
    Acetyl-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-dimethylazanium
    —— Butane;ethane;2-methylphenol —— C35H62O3
    Butane;ethane;2-methylphenol
    —— 5-{[5-(4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)furan-2-yl]methylidene}pyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione —— C15H9N3O7
    5-{[5-(4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)furan-2-yl]methylidene}pyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione
    —— 6-[(E)-2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)ethenyl]-1,3-dimethyl-5-nitropyrimidine-2,4-dione —— C15H15N3O6
    6-[(E)-2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)ethenyl]-1,3-dimethyl-5-nitropyrimidine-2,4-dione
    —— 4-[(5Z)-5-(2-chlorobenzylidene)-4-oxo-2-thioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]-N-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)butanamide —— C20H16ClN3O5S2
    4-[(5Z)-5-(2-chlorobenzylidene)-4-oxo-2-thioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]-N-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)butanamide
    —— ethyl (2E)-2-[(2-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-5-(2-methoxyphenyl)-7-methyl-3-oxo-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate —— C24H21N3O7S
    ethyl (2E)-2-[(2-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-5-(2-methoxyphenyl)-7-methyl-3-oxo-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate
    —— N-(2-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)-4-[5-(4-methylbenzylidene)-4-oxo-2-thioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]butanamide —— C21H19N3O5S2
    N-(2-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)-4-[5-(4-methylbenzylidene)-4-oxo-2-thioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]butanamide
    —— 4-[(5Z)-5-(2-chlorobenzylidene)-4-oxo-2-thioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]-N-(2-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)butanamide —— C20H16ClN3O5S2
    4-[(5Z)-5-(2-chlorobenzylidene)-4-oxo-2-thioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]-N-(2-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)butanamide
    —— ethyl 2-(2-hydroxy-3-nitrobenzylidene)-7-methyl-3-oxo-5-(2-thienyl)-2,3-dihydro-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate —— C21H17N3O6S2
    ethyl 2-(2-hydroxy-3-nitrobenzylidene)-7-methyl-3-oxo-5-(2-thienyl)-2,3-dihydro-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate
    —— N-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)-4-[5-(4-methylbenzylidene)-4-oxo-2-thioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]butanamide —— C21H19N3O5S2
    N-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)-4-[5-(4-methylbenzylidene)-4-oxo-2-thioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]butanamide
    —— ethyl (2E)-5-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-[(2-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-7-methyl-3-oxo-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate —— C23H18FN3O6S
    ethyl (2E)-5-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-[(2-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-7-methyl-3-oxo-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate
    —— ethyl (5Z)-5-[(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-(4-nitroanilino)-4-oxothiophene-3-carboxylate —— C22H20N2O8S
    ethyl (5Z)-5-[(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-(4-nitroanilino)-4-oxothiophene-3-carboxylate
    —— 4-[3-(2,6-dimethylpyridin-3-yl)imino-2-[(3S)-3-methyl-1-oxo-1lambda5-phospholan-1-yl]propyl]-2,6-dimethoxyphenol —— C23H31N2O4P
    4-[3-(2,6-dimethylpyridin-3-yl)imino-2-[(3S)-3-methyl-1-oxo-1lambda5-phospholan-1-yl]propyl]-2,6-dimethoxyphenol
    —— 4-[3-(Furan-2-ylmethyl)-4-phenyl-1,3-oxazolidin-2-yl]-2-methoxyphenol —— C21H21NO4
    4-[3-(Furan-2-ylmethyl)-4-phenyl-1,3-oxazolidin-2-yl]-2-methoxyphenol
    —— (5E)-5-(3-chloro-4-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzylidene)-3-(4-nitrophenyl)-2-thioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C17H11ClN2O5S2
    (5E)-5-(3-chloro-4-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzylidene)-3-(4-nitrophenyl)-2-thioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— (Z)-1-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-3-(2-hydroxy-5-nitroanilino)prop-2-en-1-one —— C15H10Cl2N2O4
    (Z)-1-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-3-(2-hydroxy-5-nitroanilino)prop-2-en-1-one
    —— ethyl (5Z)-5-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-(4-nitroanilino)-4-oxothiophene-3-carboxylate —— C21H18N2O7S
    ethyl (5Z)-5-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-(4-nitroanilino)-4-oxothiophene-3-carboxylate
    —— 2-Amino-3-nitrophenol;ethane —— C8H12N2O3
    2-Amino-3-nitrophenol;ethane
    —— 5-(3-bromo-4,5-dihydroxybenzylidene)-2-(4-methylphenyl)-1,3-thiazol-4(5H)-one —— C17H12BrNO3S
    5-(3-bromo-4,5-dihydroxybenzylidene)-2-(4-methylphenyl)-1,3-thiazol-4(5H)-one
    —— 4-[5-(4-ethylbenzylidene)-4-oxo-2-thioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]-N-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)butanamide —— C22H21N3O5S2
    4-[5-(4-ethylbenzylidene)-4-oxo-2-thioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]-N-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)butanamide
    —— 2-[5-(4-ethylbenzylidene)-4-oxo-2-thioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]-N-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)acetamide —— C20H17N3O5S2
    2-[5-(4-ethylbenzylidene)-4-oxo-2-thioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]-N-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)acetamide
    —— 4,4-Dibutoxy-2,2-diethyl-6,6-dimethyl-1-[2-[4-(oxiran-2-ylmethoxy)phenyl]ethoxy]piperidine —— C30H51NO5
    4,4-Dibutoxy-2,2-diethyl-6,6-dimethyl-1-[2-[4-(oxiran-2-ylmethoxy)phenyl]ethoxy]piperidine
    —— 2-((Z)-2-((Z)-benzylidenehydrazono)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-oxothiazolidin-5-yl)acetic acid —— C18H15N3O4S
    2-((Z)-2-((Z)-benzylidenehydrazono)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-oxothiazolidin-5-yl)acetic acid
    —— 2-[(5E)-5-[(3-bromophenyl)methylidene]-4-oxo-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]-N-(2-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)acetamide —— C18H12BrN3O5S2
    2-[(5E)-5-[(3-bromophenyl)methylidene]-4-oxo-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]-N-(2-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)acetamide
    —— N-[(E)-(3-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)methylideneamino]-1,3-benzodioxole-5-carboxamide —— C15H11N3O6
    N-[(E)-(3-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)methylideneamino]-1,3-benzodioxole-5-carboxamide
    —— N-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)-4-[(5E)-4-oxo-2-sulfanylidene-5-(thiophen-2-ylmethylidene)-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]butanamide —— C18H15N3O5S3
    N-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)-4-[(5E)-4-oxo-2-sulfanylidene-5-(thiophen-2-ylmethylidene)-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]butanamide
    —— (4R,6S,8S,13S)-16-chloro-13,19-dihydroxy-17-methoxy-4-methyl-3,7-dioxatricyclo[13.4.0.06,8]nonadeca-1(15),11,16,18-tetraen-2-one —— C19H23ClO6
    (4R,6S,8S,13S)-16-chloro-13,19-dihydroxy-17-methoxy-4-methyl-3,7-dioxatricyclo[13.4.0.06,8]nonadeca-1(15),11,16,18-tetraen-2-one
    —— ethyl (2Z)-2-[(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-7-methyl-3-oxo-5-phenyl-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate —— C24H22N2O5S
    ethyl (2Z)-2-[(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-7-methyl-3-oxo-5-phenyl-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate
    —— Formaldehyde;4-[2-(4-methylphenoxy)ethoxy]phenol —— C16H18O4
    Formaldehyde;4-[2-(4-methylphenoxy)ethoxy]phenol
    —— ethyl 2-(4-hydroxy-3-nitrobenzylidene)-5-(2-methoxyphenyl)-7-methyl-3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate —— C24H21N3O7S
    ethyl 2-(4-hydroxy-3-nitrobenzylidene)-5-(2-methoxyphenyl)-7-methyl-3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate
    —— 2-[[[2-Hydroxy-1-(methylamino)ethyl]amino]methyl]phenol —— C10H16N2O2
    2-[[[2-Hydroxy-1-(methylamino)ethyl]amino]methyl]phenol
    —— 4-(2,2-Dimethylcyclobutyl)oxyphenol;ethane —— C14H22O2
    4-(2,2-Dimethylcyclobutyl)oxyphenol;ethane
    —— N'-[(E)-(4-fluorophenyl)methylidene]-2-[(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)amino]-2-phenylacetohydrazide —— C21H17FN4O4
    N'-[(E)-(4-fluorophenyl)methylidene]-2-[(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)amino]-2-phenylacetohydrazide
    —— ethyl (2Z)-2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzylidene)-7-methyl-3-oxo-5-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate —— C24H22N2O5S
    ethyl (2Z)-2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzylidene)-7-methyl-3-oxo-5-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate
    —— 3-Benzyl-5-(5-chloro-2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-2-thioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C18H14ClNO3S2
    3-Benzyl-5-(5-chloro-2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-2-thioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— (Z)-3-Benzyl-5-(2-Hydroxy-3-Nitrobenzylidene)-2-Thioxothiazolidin-4-One —— C17H12N2O4S2
    (Z)-3-Benzyl-5-(2-Hydroxy-3-Nitrobenzylidene)-2-Thioxothiazolidin-4-One
    —— Cambridge id 5819631 —— C18H14BrN3O2
    Cambridge id 5819631
    —— ethyl (2Z)-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-[(4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-7-methyl-3-oxo-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate —— C23H18ClN3O6S
    ethyl (2Z)-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-[(4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-7-methyl-3-oxo-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate
    —— 6-[2-(4-Hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxy-phenyl)-vinyl]-5-nitro-1H-pyrimidine-2,4-dione —— C14H13N3O7
    6-[2-(4-Hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxy-phenyl)-vinyl]-5-nitro-1H-pyrimidine-2,4-dione
    —— [4-(2-hydroxyethyl)phenyl] 2-bromo-N-ethenylpropanimidate —— C13H16BrNO2
    [4-(2-hydroxyethyl)phenyl] 2-bromo-N-ethenylpropanimidate
    —— 5-{[5-(2-Hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)furan-2-YL]methylidene}-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-diazinane-4,6-dione —— C15H9N3O6S
    5-{[5-(2-Hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)furan-2-YL]methylidene}-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-diazinane-4,6-dione