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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (5E)-3-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C18H14N2O4S2
    (5E)-3-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-5-[(4,5-dihydroxy-2-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-diazinane-4,6-dione —— C17H10ClN3O6S
    1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-5-[(4,5-dihydroxy-2-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-diazinane-4,6-dione
    —— 3-Fluoro-2,4,6-trihydroxy-5-(2-pyridin-2-yl-4,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[1,3]oxazolo[4,5-c]azepin-5-yl)benzonitrile —— C19H15FN4O4
    3-Fluoro-2,4,6-trihydroxy-5-(2-pyridin-2-yl-4,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[1,3]oxazolo[4,5-c]azepin-5-yl)benzonitrile
    —— N-(3-cyclopentylidenepropyl)-4-[(E)-2-[3-(2,6-dihydroxyphenyl)-4-imino-2-oxopyrimido[4,5-b]azepin-8-yl]ethenyl]-5-methylcyclohexa-1,3-diene-1-sulfonamide —— C31H33N5O5S
    N-(3-cyclopentylidenepropyl)-4-[(E)-2-[3-(2,6-dihydroxyphenyl)-4-imino-2-oxopyrimido[4,5-b]azepin-8-yl]ethenyl]-5-methylcyclohexa-1,3-diene-1-sulfonamide
    —— 2-(2-bromophenoxy)-N-[(Z)-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]acetamide —— C16H15BrN2O4
    2-(2-bromophenoxy)-N-[(Z)-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]acetamide
    —— [amino-[N-[amino-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-5-propan-2-ylphenyl)methyl]-4-[[4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)piperazin-1-yl]methyl]anilino]methyl]-oxo-(propan-2-ylamino)azanium —— C28H43F3N7O3+
    [amino-[N-[amino-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-5-propan-2-ylphenyl)methyl]-4-[[4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)piperazin-1-yl]methyl]anilino]methyl]-oxo-(propan-2-ylamino)azanium
    —— 2,4-Dimethylbenzene-1,3,5-triol;3-methoxy-4-methylphenol —— C16H20O5
    2,4-Dimethylbenzene-1,3,5-triol;3-methoxy-4-methylphenol
    —— 2,3,5-Triamino-6-(2,3,5,6-tetraamino-4-hydroxyanilino)benzene-1,4-diol —— C12H18N8O3
    2,3,5-Triamino-6-(2,3,5,6-tetraamino-4-hydroxyanilino)benzene-1,4-diol
    —— 2,4-Dimethylpentane;phenol —— C19H28O2
    2,4-Dimethylpentane;phenol
    —— 4-[4-[(3-Hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methyldiazenyl]-7-methylthieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-6-yl]benzoic acid —— C22H18N4O4S
    4-[4-[(3-Hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methyldiazenyl]-7-methylthieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-6-yl]benzoic acid
    —— (2,3-Dihydroxyphenyl)methylidene-[2-[(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)methylideneazaniumylidene]ethylidene]azanium —— C16H14N2O4+2
    (2,3-Dihydroxyphenyl)methylidene-[2-[(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)methylideneazaniumylidene]ethylidene]azanium
    —— 3,3-dimethylbutan-2-yl 6-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-4-methyl-2-oxo-5,6-dihydro-1H-pyrimidine-5-carboxylate —— C19H26N2O5
    3,3-dimethylbutan-2-yl 6-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-4-methyl-2-oxo-5,6-dihydro-1H-pyrimidine-5-carboxylate
    —— 5-[(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)methyl]-4-methyl-6-pyrrolidin-1-yl-1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]hexan-2-one —— C25H30F3NO4
    5-[(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)methyl]-4-methyl-6-pyrrolidin-1-yl-1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]hexan-2-one
    —— 5-[(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)methyl]-4-methyl-6-pyrrolidin-1-yl-1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]hexan-2-one —— C25H29F3NO4-
    5-[(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)methyl]-4-methyl-6-pyrrolidin-1-yl-1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]hexan-2-one
    —— 3-(2-fluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-N-propylpropanamide —— C12H16FNO2
    3-(2-fluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-N-propylpropanamide
    —— 5-[(Z)-[(4-amino-5-methyl-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)hydrazinylidene]methyl]-2-methoxyphenol —— C11H14N6O2
    5-[(Z)-[(4-amino-5-methyl-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)hydrazinylidene]methyl]-2-methoxyphenol
    —— (2Z)-6-Acetyl-2-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-5-(2-methoxyphenyl)-7-methyl-2H,3H,5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-A]pyrimidin-3-one —— C24H22N2O5S
    (2Z)-6-Acetyl-2-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-5-(2-methoxyphenyl)-7-methyl-2H,3H,5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-A]pyrimidin-3-one
    —— 1-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-[(Z)-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]thiourea —— C17H19N3O4S
    1-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-[(Z)-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]thiourea
    —— 4-{[(2E,5E)-5-(3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzylidene)-4-oxo-2-(phenylimino)-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]methyl}benzoic acid —— C24H16BrN3O6S
    4-{[(2E,5E)-5-(3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzylidene)-4-oxo-2-(phenylimino)-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]methyl}benzoic acid
    —— 2-But-1-enyl-6-(chloromethyl)-3-methoxy-5-methylbenzene-1,4-diol —— C13H17ClO3
    2-But-1-enyl-6-(chloromethyl)-3-methoxy-5-methylbenzene-1,4-diol
    —— (5Z)-5-[(2-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-cyclopentyl-2-phenylimino-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C22H21BrN2O3S
    (5Z)-5-[(2-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-cyclopentyl-2-phenylimino-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— (2Z,5E)-5-(5-chloro-2-hydroxy-3-nitrobenzylidene)-3-methyl-2-(methylimino)-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C12H10ClN3O4S
    (2Z,5E)-5-(5-chloro-2-hydroxy-3-nitrobenzylidene)-3-methyl-2-(methylimino)-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— ethyl (5Z)-5-[(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-(4-methylanilino)-4-oxothiophene-3-carboxylate —— C23H23NO6S
    ethyl (5Z)-5-[(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-(4-methylanilino)-4-oxothiophene-3-carboxylate
    —— (2Z,5E)-2-[(3,5-Dimethylphenyl)imino]-5-[(2-hydroxy-3,5-dinitrophenyl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C18H14N4O6S
    (2Z,5E)-2-[(3,5-Dimethylphenyl)imino]-5-[(2-hydroxy-3,5-dinitrophenyl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 5-[(Z)-(1,3-benzoxazol-2-ylhydrazinylidene)methyl]-2-methoxyphenol —— C15H13N3O3
    5-[(Z)-(1,3-benzoxazol-2-ylhydrazinylidene)methyl]-2-methoxyphenol
    —— 5-(5-Chlorothiophen-2-yl)-2-methoxyphenol —— C11H9ClO2S
    5-(5-Chlorothiophen-2-yl)-2-methoxyphenol
    —— 4-Methylbicyclo[4.2.0]octa-1(6),2,4-triene-2,3,5-triol —— C9H10O3
    4-Methylbicyclo[4.2.0]octa-1(6),2,4-triene-2,3,5-triol
    —— (2E,5E)-2-[(4-ethylphenyl)imino]-5-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzylidene)-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C19H18N2O3S
    (2E,5E)-2-[(4-ethylphenyl)imino]-5-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzylidene)-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 5-[(2-Hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-6-iminocyclohex-2-en-1-one —— C13H13NO2
    5-[(2-Hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-6-iminocyclohex-2-en-1-one
    —— ethyl (5Z)-2-(3-chloroanilino)-5-[(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)methylidene]-4-oxothiophene-3-carboxylate —— C22H20ClNO6S
    ethyl (5Z)-2-(3-chloroanilino)-5-[(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)methylidene]-4-oxothiophene-3-carboxylate
    —— diethyl (2Z)-5-amino-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-7-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyridine-6,8-dicarboxylate —— C28H28N2O9S
    diethyl (2Z)-5-amino-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-7-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyridine-6,8-dicarboxylate
    —— (NE)-5-chloro-N-[(5Z)-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-4-oxo-3-prop-2-enyl-1,3-thiazolidin-2-ylidene]thiophene-2-sulfonamide —— C18H15ClN2O5S3
    (NE)-5-chloro-N-[(5Z)-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-4-oxo-3-prop-2-enyl-1,3-thiazolidin-2-ylidene]thiophene-2-sulfonamide
    —— 2-Methoxy-5-[[[7-methyl-6-(morpholin-4-ylmethyl)thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]diazenyl]methyl]phenol —— C20H23N5O3S
    2-Methoxy-5-[[[7-methyl-6-(morpholin-4-ylmethyl)thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]diazenyl]methyl]phenol
    —— (2E)-3-[(2-hydroxy-4-methylphenyl)amino]-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one —— C17H17NO3
    (2E)-3-[(2-hydroxy-4-methylphenyl)amino]-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one
    —— 5-n-Pentadecatrienyl resorcinol —— C21H30O2
    5-n-Pentadecatrienyl resorcinol
    —— 2-[2-methyl-3-octyl-5-(2-phenylethyl)-4H-pyrimidin-6-yl]phenol —— C27H36N2O
    2-[2-methyl-3-octyl-5-(2-phenylethyl)-4H-pyrimidin-6-yl]phenol
    —— methyl N-[(Z)-(5-hydroxy-2-nitrophenyl)methylideneamino]carbamate —— C9H9N3O5
    methyl N-[(Z)-(5-hydroxy-2-nitrophenyl)methylideneamino]carbamate
    —— 2-methoxy-5-[(Z)-[(4-nitrophenyl)hydrazinylidene]methyl]phenol —— C14H13N3O4
    2-methoxy-5-[(Z)-[(4-nitrophenyl)hydrazinylidene]methyl]phenol
    —— Ethane;methoxymethane;phenol —— C18H30O3
    Ethane;methoxymethane;phenol
    —— (E)-2-cyano-N-(3-cyano-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1-benzothiophen-2-yl)-3-(2-hydroxy-3,5-dinitrophenyl)prop-2-enamide —— C19H13N5O6S
    (E)-2-cyano-N-(3-cyano-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1-benzothiophen-2-yl)-3-(2-hydroxy-3,5-dinitrophenyl)prop-2-enamide
    —— (5E)-5-[(5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-phenylimino-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C16H11ClN2O2S
    (5E)-5-[(5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-phenylimino-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 2-methoxy-5-[(E)-2-(6-nitro-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)ethenyl]phenol —— C16H12N2O4S
    2-methoxy-5-[(E)-2-(6-nitro-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)ethenyl]phenol
    —— N-[(Z)-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]adamantane-1-carboxamide —— C19H24N2O3
    N-[(Z)-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]adamantane-1-carboxamide
    —— 4-[(1E)-3-(4-benzylpiperazin-1-yl)prop-1-en-1-yl]-2-bromo-6-methoxyphenol —— C21H25BrN2O2
    4-[(1E)-3-(4-benzylpiperazin-1-yl)prop-1-en-1-yl]-2-bromo-6-methoxyphenol
    —— (5Z)-5-(3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzylidene)-3-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-thioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C17H10BrCl2NO3S2
    (5Z)-5-(3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzylidene)-3-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-thioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 2,6-Dibromo-4-((E)-2-nitro-propenyl)-phenol 82040-81-1 C9H7Br2NO3
    2,6-Dibromo-4-((E)-2-nitro-propenyl)-phenol
    —— 1-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-3-[(Z)-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]thiourea —— C17H19N3O2S
    1-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-3-[(Z)-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]thiourea
    —— 2-[3,5-Dihydroxy-2-[5-(morpholin-4-ylmethyl)furan-2-yl]phenyl]acetic acid —— C17H19NO6
    2-[3,5-Dihydroxy-2-[5-(morpholin-4-ylmethyl)furan-2-yl]phenyl]acetic acid
    —— 3-(2-(1H-pyrazol-4-yl)ethyl)phenol —— C11H12N2O
    3-(2-(1H-pyrazol-4-yl)ethyl)phenol
    —— (5Z)-5-[(2-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-3-(2-oxo-2-piperidin-1-ylethyl)-1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione —— C17H17N3O6S
    (5Z)-5-[(2-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-3-(2-oxo-2-piperidin-1-ylethyl)-1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione