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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 2-methoxy-6-[[(2R)-2-(3-methylthiophen-2-yl)azepan-1-yl]methyl]phenol —— C19H25NO2S
    2-methoxy-6-[[(2R)-2-(3-methylthiophen-2-yl)azepan-1-yl]methyl]phenol
    —— 2-methoxy-6-[[(2R)-2-(5-methylthiophen-2-yl)azepan-1-yl]methyl]phenol —— C19H25NO2S
    2-methoxy-6-[[(2R)-2-(5-methylthiophen-2-yl)azepan-1-yl]methyl]phenol
    —— 5-[[(2S)-2-(3-fluorophenyl)azepan-1-yl]methyl]-2-methoxyphenol —— C20H24FNO2
    5-[[(2S)-2-(3-fluorophenyl)azepan-1-yl]methyl]-2-methoxyphenol
    —— 2-methoxy-6-[[(2S)-2-(4-methylphenyl)azepan-1-yl]methyl]phenol —— C21H27NO2
    2-methoxy-6-[[(2S)-2-(4-methylphenyl)azepan-1-yl]methyl]phenol
    —— (4R)-4-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-methyl-1-(6-methyl-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one —— C23H22N4O4S
    (4R)-4-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-methyl-1-(6-methyl-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one
    —— 2,6-dimethoxy-4-[[(2S)-2-(3-methylphenyl)azepan-1-yl]methyl]phenol —— C22H29NO3
    2,6-dimethoxy-4-[[(2S)-2-(3-methylphenyl)azepan-1-yl]methyl]phenol
    —— 2,6-dimethoxy-4-[[(2S)-2-(3-methylthiophen-2-yl)azepan-1-yl]methyl]phenol —— C20H27NO3S
    2,6-dimethoxy-4-[[(2S)-2-(3-methylthiophen-2-yl)azepan-1-yl]methyl]phenol
    —— 2-methoxy-5-[[(2S)-2-(3-methylphenyl)azepan-1-yl]methyl]phenol —— C21H27NO2
    2-methoxy-5-[[(2S)-2-(3-methylphenyl)azepan-1-yl]methyl]phenol
    —— 5-methoxy-2-[[(2S)-2-thiophen-2-ylazepan-1-yl]methyl]phenol —— C18H23NO2S
    5-methoxy-2-[[(2S)-2-thiophen-2-ylazepan-1-yl]methyl]phenol
    —— 2-methoxy-5-[[(2R)-2-(3-methylphenyl)azepan-1-yl]methyl]phenol —— C21H27NO2
    2-methoxy-5-[[(2R)-2-(3-methylphenyl)azepan-1-yl]methyl]phenol
    —— 2-[[(2R)-2-(3-fluorophenyl)azepan-1-yl]methyl]-6-methoxyphenol —— C20H24FNO2
    2-[[(2R)-2-(3-fluorophenyl)azepan-1-yl]methyl]-6-methoxyphenol
    —— 2,6-dimethoxy-4-[[(2R)-2-(5-methylthiophen-2-yl)azepan-1-yl]methyl]phenol —— C20H27NO3S
    2,6-dimethoxy-4-[[(2R)-2-(5-methylthiophen-2-yl)azepan-1-yl]methyl]phenol
    —— 2,6-dimethoxy-4-[[(2R)-2-(3-methylthiophen-2-yl)azepan-1-yl]methyl]phenol —— C20H27NO3S
    2,6-dimethoxy-4-[[(2R)-2-(3-methylthiophen-2-yl)azepan-1-yl]methyl]phenol
    —— 2,6-dimethoxy-4-[[(2S)-2-(5-methylthiophen-2-yl)azepan-1-yl]methyl]phenol —— C20H27NO3S
    2,6-dimethoxy-4-[[(2S)-2-(5-methylthiophen-2-yl)azepan-1-yl]methyl]phenol
    —— 2-methoxy-5-[[(2S)-2-(3-methylthiophen-2-yl)azepan-1-yl]methyl]phenol —— C19H25NO2S
    2-methoxy-5-[[(2S)-2-(3-methylthiophen-2-yl)azepan-1-yl]methyl]phenol
    —— (7S)-2-ethylsulfanyl-7-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-N-(2-methoxyphenyl)-5-methyl-4,7-dihydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxamide —— C23H25N5O4S
    (7S)-2-ethylsulfanyl-7-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-N-(2-methoxyphenyl)-5-methyl-4,7-dihydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxamide
    —— (5Z)-2-(2-chlorophenyl)imino-5-[(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C17H13ClN2O3S
    (5Z)-2-(2-chlorophenyl)imino-5-[(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— (5E)-5-(furan-2-ylmethylidene)-2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)imino-3-prop-2-enyl-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C17H14N2O3S
    (5E)-5-(furan-2-ylmethylidene)-2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)imino-3-prop-2-enyl-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— N-[(Z)-(2-chlorophenyl)methylideneamino]-2-hydroxy-3,5-dinitrobenzamide —— C14H9ClN4O6
    N-[(Z)-(2-chlorophenyl)methylideneamino]-2-hydroxy-3,5-dinitrobenzamide
    —— (5E)-2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)imino-5-[(E)-2-methyl-3-phenylprop-2-enylidene]-3-prop-2-enyl-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C22H20N2O2S
    (5E)-2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)imino-5-[(E)-2-methyl-3-phenylprop-2-enylidene]-3-prop-2-enyl-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— (5E)-2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)imino-5-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-prop-2-enyl-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C19H16N2O3S
    (5E)-2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)imino-5-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-prop-2-enyl-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 2-hydroxy-N-[(Z)-(4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-5-nitrobenzamide —— C15H13N3O5
    2-hydroxy-N-[(Z)-(4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-5-nitrobenzamide
    —— (5E)-5-benzylidene-2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)imino-3-prop-2-enyl-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C19H16N2O2S
    (5E)-5-benzylidene-2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)imino-3-prop-2-enyl-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— ethyl (2Z)-5-(2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-(2-hydroxy-3-nitrobenzylidene)-7-methyl-3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate —— C25H23N3O8S
    ethyl (2Z)-5-(2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-(2-hydroxy-3-nitrobenzylidene)-7-methyl-3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate
    —— (4S)-4-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-methyl-1-([1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-b]pyridazin-6-yl)-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one —— C20H19N7O4
    (4S)-4-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-methyl-1-([1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-b]pyridazin-6-yl)-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one
    —— (E)-3-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)-4-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)but-3-enoic acid —— C18H15NO4S
    (E)-3-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)-4-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)but-3-enoic acid
    —— 2-[(5Z)-5-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-4-oxo-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]acetic acid —— C13H11NO5S2
    2-[(5Z)-5-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-4-oxo-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]acetic acid
    —— methyl (2Z)-2-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-7-methyl-3-oxo-5-phenyl-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate —— C22H18N2O4S
    methyl (2Z)-2-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-7-methyl-3-oxo-5-phenyl-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate
    —— 2-{[(5E)-5-(3,4-dihydroxybenzylidene)-2,4-dioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]methyl}benzonitrile —— C18H12N2O4S
    2-{[(5E)-5-(3,4-dihydroxybenzylidene)-2,4-dioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]methyl}benzonitrile
    —— 3,4,5-trihydroxy-N'-[(E)-(5-methoxy-6-oxocyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-ylidene)methyl]benzohydrazide —— C15H14N2O6
    3,4,5-trihydroxy-N'-[(E)-(5-methoxy-6-oxocyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-ylidene)methyl]benzohydrazide
    —— 4-methoxy-2-[(Z,2R)-pent-3-en-2-yl]phenol —— C12H16O2
    4-methoxy-2-[(Z,2R)-pent-3-en-2-yl]phenol
    —— 3-[(Z)-1-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)prop-2-enylidene]-6-methylpyran-2,4-dione —— C15H11NO7
    3-[(Z)-1-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)prop-2-enylidene]-6-methylpyran-2,4-dione
    —— 4-[(2R)-pentan-2-yl]-2-[(2S)-pentan-2-yl]phenol —— C16H26O
    4-[(2R)-pentan-2-yl]-2-[(2S)-pentan-2-yl]phenol
    —— (1R,2S)-N-[(E)-(3-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxamide —— C17H16N2O2
    (1R,2S)-N-[(E)-(3-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxamide
    —— 4-[(2S)-pentan-2-yl]-2-[(2R)-pentan-2-yl]phenol —— C16H26O
    4-[(2S)-pentan-2-yl]-2-[(2R)-pentan-2-yl]phenol
    —— (5Z)-3-benzyl-5-(3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzylidene)-2-thioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C17H11Br2NO2S2
    (5Z)-3-benzyl-5-(3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzylidene)-2-thioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— [(2R)-1-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propan-2-yl]phosphonic acid —— C9H14NO4P
    [(2R)-1-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propan-2-yl]phosphonic acid
    —— (5Z)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-2-thioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C17H12ClNO3S2
    (5Z)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-2-thioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 2-[[(2S,6S)-2,6-dimethylmorpholin-4-yl]methyl]-6-methoxy-4-prop-2-enylphenol —— C17H25NO3
    2-[[(2S,6S)-2,6-dimethylmorpholin-4-yl]methyl]-6-methoxy-4-prop-2-enylphenol
    —— (4S,5R,8R,9R)-8-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-9-hydroxy-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,7-dioxaspiro[4.4]nonane-2,6-dione —— C15H16O8
    (4S,5R,8R,9R)-8-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-9-hydroxy-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,7-dioxaspiro[4.4]nonane-2,6-dione
    —— [(S)-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-[2-[[(S)-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-phosphonomethyl]amino]ethylamino]methyl]phosphonic acid —— C16H22N2O8P2
    [(S)-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-[2-[[(S)-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-phosphonomethyl]amino]ethylamino]methyl]phosphonic acid
    —— Chlorocopper(1+);[(2-oxoniophenyl)methylideneamino]-pyridin-2-ylazanide —— C12H11ClCuN3O+
    Chlorocopper(1+);[(2-oxoniophenyl)methylideneamino]-pyridin-2-ylazanide
    —— (5S)-5-(aminomethyl)-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-benzo[7]annulene-1,2-diol —— C12H17NO2
    (5S)-5-(aminomethyl)-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-benzo[7]annulene-1,2-diol
    —— 4-[2-[3-[(E)-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethenyl]-2-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-ylidene]ethylidene]-2-methoxycyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one —— C27H24N2O4
    4-[2-[3-[(E)-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethenyl]-2-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-ylidene]ethylidene]-2-methoxycyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one
    —— 5-[(Z)-N-hydroxy-C-methylcarbonimidoyl]-2-methoxyphenol —— C9H11NO3
    5-[(Z)-N-hydroxy-C-methylcarbonimidoyl]-2-methoxyphenol
    —— 4-[(1R)-1-hydroxybut-3-enyl]phenol —— C10H12O2
    4-[(1R)-1-hydroxybut-3-enyl]phenol
    —— (1S)-1-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-(methylamino)ethanesulfonic acid —— C9H13NO5S
    (1S)-1-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-(methylamino)ethanesulfonic acid
    —— N-cyclohexyl-N'-[(Z)-(3-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]butanediamide —— C17H23N3O3
    N-cyclohexyl-N'-[(Z)-(3-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]butanediamide
    —— 2-[(E)-4-(4a,5',5',7a-tetramethylspiro[6,7-dihydro-5H-cyclopenta[c]pyran-1,2'-furan]-3-yl)-3-methylbut-2-enyl]-4-methoxy-6-methylphenol —— C28H38O4
    2-[(E)-4-(4a,5',5',7a-tetramethylspiro[6,7-dihydro-5H-cyclopenta[c]pyran-1,2'-furan]-3-yl)-3-methylbut-2-enyl]-4-methoxy-6-methylphenol
    —— 2-[(5E)-5-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-4-oxo-2-thioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]pentanoic acid —— C16H17NO5S2
    2-[(5E)-5-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-4-oxo-2-thioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]pentanoic acid