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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 3-methyl-5-[3-methyl-6-[(4-methyl-5H-cyclopenta[d]pyrimidin-2-yl)amino]hexyl]phenol —— C22H29N3O
    3-methyl-5-[3-methyl-6-[(4-methyl-5H-cyclopenta[d]pyrimidin-2-yl)amino]hexyl]phenol
    —— 4-[[2-[2-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-1,3-thiazol-4-yl]-5-methylpyrrol-1-yl]methyl]benzene-1,2-diol —— C22H20N2O3S
    4-[[2-[2-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-1,3-thiazol-4-yl]-5-methylpyrrol-1-yl]methyl]benzene-1,2-diol
    —— (5E)-5-[(3-bromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-(2-ethoxyethyl)-2-phenylimino-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C20H19BrN2O3S
    (5E)-5-[(3-bromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-(2-ethoxyethyl)-2-phenylimino-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— (4Z)-4-[(2-hydroxy-3,5-dinitroanilino)methylidene]-5-methyl-2-(4-methylphenyl)pyrazol-3-one —— C18H15N5O6
    (4Z)-4-[(2-hydroxy-3,5-dinitroanilino)methylidene]-5-methyl-2-(4-methylphenyl)pyrazol-3-one
    —— (2E,5E)-5-(5-chloro-2-hydroxybenzylidene)-3-(furan-2-ylmethyl)-2-(phenylimino)-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C21H15ClN2O3S
    (2E,5E)-5-(5-chloro-2-hydroxybenzylidene)-3-(furan-2-ylmethyl)-2-(phenylimino)-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 3,4,5-trihydroxy-N-[(Z)-1-[4-[(2,2,2-trifluoroacetyl)amino]phenyl]ethylideneamino]benzamide —— C17H14F3N3O5
    3,4,5-trihydroxy-N-[(Z)-1-[4-[(2,2,2-trifluoroacetyl)amino]phenyl]ethylideneamino]benzamide
    —— 5-[3-(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)propa-1,2-dienyl]-6-hydroxy-1,3-dimethylpyrimidine-2,4-dione —— C15H14N2O5
    5-[3-(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)propa-1,2-dienyl]-6-hydroxy-1,3-dimethylpyrimidine-2,4-dione
    —— 2-[[[4-(Dimethylamino)-6-(4-fluoroanilino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]diazenyl]methyl]-4-nitrophenol —— C18H17FN8O3
    2-[[[4-(Dimethylamino)-6-(4-fluoroanilino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]diazenyl]methyl]-4-nitrophenol
    —— 4-Behenylpyrogallol —— C28H50O3
    4-Behenylpyrogallol
    —— (5Z)-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-[(3-nitroanilino)methyl]-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C18H15N3O5S2
    (5Z)-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-[(3-nitroanilino)methyl]-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— ethyl (2Z)-2-[[2-[2-(benzylamino)-2-oxoethoxy]phenyl]methylidene]-5-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-7-methyl-3-oxo-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate —— C33H31N3O7S
    ethyl (2Z)-2-[[2-[2-(benzylamino)-2-oxoethoxy]phenyl]methylidene]-5-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-7-methyl-3-oxo-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate
    —— 3,4,5-Tris[2-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethoxy]phenol —— C27H48O13
    3,4,5-Tris[2-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethoxy]phenol
    —— 4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)-N-[(Z)-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]butanamide —— C18H18Cl2N2O4
    4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)-N-[(Z)-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]butanamide
    —— (5Z)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-(pyridin-2-ylmethylidene)-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one 157325-79-6 C15H10N2O2S2
    (5Z)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-(pyridin-2-ylmethylidene)-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 2-(Dimethoxymethyl)-4-(2-hydroxy-4-nitroanilino)-2-methyl-3,4-dihydrochromen-3-ol —— C19H22N2O7
    2-(Dimethoxymethyl)-4-(2-hydroxy-4-nitroanilino)-2-methyl-3,4-dihydrochromen-3-ol
    —— N-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl]octadeca-5,9,12-trienamide —— C26H39NO3
    N-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl]octadeca-5,9,12-trienamide
    —— (5Z)-5-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-propyl-2-sulfanylideneimidazolidin-4-one —— C14H16N2O3S
    (5Z)-5-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-propyl-2-sulfanylideneimidazolidin-4-one
    —— N-[(5E)-5-(4-hydroxy-3-nitrobenzylidene)-4-oxo-2-thioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]benzamide —— C17H11N3O5S2
    N-[(5E)-5-(4-hydroxy-3-nitrobenzylidene)-4-oxo-2-thioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]benzamide
    —— 3-[(Z)-1,2,4-triazol-1-yliminomethyl]phenol —— C9H8N4O
    3-[(Z)-1,2,4-triazol-1-yliminomethyl]phenol
    —— N-[(Z)-(3-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]methanesulfonamide —— C8H10N2O3S
    N-[(Z)-(3-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]methanesulfonamide
    —— (5E)-5-[(3-bromo-4,5-dihydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-(4-methylphenyl)-1,3-thiazol-4-one —— C17H12BrNO3S
    (5E)-5-[(3-bromo-4,5-dihydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-(4-methylphenyl)-1,3-thiazol-4-one
    —— ethyl (5Z)-2-anilino-5-[(3-bromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-4-oxothiophene-3-carboxylate —— C20H16BrNO4S
    ethyl (5Z)-2-anilino-5-[(3-bromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-4-oxothiophene-3-carboxylate
    —— N-[(Z)-(3-bromo-5-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-2-(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)acetamide —— C15H17BrN4O3
    N-[(Z)-(3-bromo-5-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-2-(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)acetamide
    —— N'-(5-chlorothiophen-2-yl)sulfonyl-7-fluoro-1-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-1H-isoquinoline-2-carbohydrazide —— C20H15ClFN3O4S2
    N'-(5-chlorothiophen-2-yl)sulfonyl-7-fluoro-1-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-1H-isoquinoline-2-carbohydrazide
    —— 3-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-2-iminopropanal —— C9H9NO2
    3-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-2-iminopropanal
    —— 1-(3-hydroxy-4-methylphenyl)ethyl N-[2-chloroethyl(methylsulfonyl)amino]-N-methylsulfonylcarbamate;1-(3-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)ethyl N-[2-chloroethyl(methylsulfonyl)amino]-N-methylsulfonylcarbamate —— C27H39Cl2N5O16S4
    1-(3-hydroxy-4-methylphenyl)ethyl N-[2-chloroethyl(methylsulfonyl)amino]-N-methylsulfonylcarbamate;1-(3-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)ethyl N-[2-chloroethyl(methylsulfonyl)amino]-N-methylsulfonylcarbamate
    —— N-[(Z)-(3-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)methylideneamino]-2-[4-(2,4,4-trimethylpentan-2-yl)phenoxy]acetamide —— C23H29N3O5
    N-[(Z)-(3-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)methylideneamino]-2-[4-(2,4,4-trimethylpentan-2-yl)phenoxy]acetamide
    —— N-[(Z)-(5-hydroxy-2-nitrophenyl)methylideneamino]-2-[4-(2,4,4-trimethylpentan-2-yl)phenoxy]acetamide —— C23H29N3O5
    N-[(Z)-(5-hydroxy-2-nitrophenyl)methylideneamino]-2-[4-(2,4,4-trimethylpentan-2-yl)phenoxy]acetamide
    —— 2-Methoxy-5-[[[6-(4-methoxyphenyl)-7-methylthieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]diazenyl]methyl]phenol —— C22H20N4O3S
    2-Methoxy-5-[[[6-(4-methoxyphenyl)-7-methylthieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]diazenyl]methyl]phenol
    —— (Diacetylamino) 3-(4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)propanoate —— C14H17NO5
    (Diacetylamino) 3-(4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)propanoate
    —— 1-Ethylsulfanylpropane;phenol —— C11H18OS
    1-Ethylsulfanylpropane;phenol
    —— 1-[(Z)-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-3-(2-methoxyphenyl)thiourea —— C16H17N3O3S
    1-[(Z)-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-3-(2-methoxyphenyl)thiourea
    —— (5Z)-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-[2-[(4E)-4-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-5-oxo-2-phenylimidazol-1-yl]-2-sulfanylideneethanethioyl]-2-phenylimidazol-4-one —— C36H26N4O6S2
    (5Z)-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-[2-[(4E)-4-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-5-oxo-2-phenylimidazol-1-yl]-2-sulfanylideneethanethioyl]-2-phenylimidazol-4-one
    —— 2-(4-fluoro-3-hydroxyphenyl)-N-[2-(2-fluoro-4-methylanilino)-1,5-dimethyl-6-oxopyridin-3-yl]cyclopropane-1-sulfinamide —— C23H23F2N3O3S
    2-(4-fluoro-3-hydroxyphenyl)-N-[2-(2-fluoro-4-methylanilino)-1,5-dimethyl-6-oxopyridin-3-yl]cyclopropane-1-sulfinamide
    —— Ethane;(3-hydroxyphenyl)boronic acid —— C8H13BO3
    Ethane;(3-hydroxyphenyl)boronic acid
    —— (5E)-5-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-sulfanylideneimidazolidin-4-one —— C11H10N2O3S
    (5E)-5-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-sulfanylideneimidazolidin-4-one
    —— [2-[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethoxy]-6-morpholin-4-ylpyrimidin-4-yl]-(1H-indol-3-ylmethyl)diazene —— C27H30N6O4
    [2-[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethoxy]-6-morpholin-4-ylpyrimidin-4-yl]-(1H-indol-3-ylmethyl)diazene
    —— (5Z)-5-(2-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzylidene)-3-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)-1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione —— C18H12BrCl2NO4S
    (5Z)-5-(2-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzylidene)-3-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)-1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione
    —— 3-[1-(6-Phenyl-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-b][1,2,4]triazin-3-yl)cyclopropyl]phenol —— C19H15N5O
    3-[1-(6-Phenyl-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-b][1,2,4]triazin-3-yl)cyclopropyl]phenol
    —— (Z)-2-(5-chloro-1,3-benzoxazol-2-yl)-3-(2-hydroxy-5-nitroanilino)prop-2-enal —— C16H10ClN3O5
    (Z)-2-(5-chloro-1,3-benzoxazol-2-yl)-3-(2-hydroxy-5-nitroanilino)prop-2-enal
    —— N-benzyl-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)octanamide —— C22H29NO3
    N-benzyl-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)octanamide
    —— 2-Amino-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethane-1,1-diol —— C8H11NO3
    2-Amino-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethane-1,1-diol
    —— 3-[(3-Hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]adamantane-1-carboxylic acid —— C19H24O4
    3-[(3-Hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]adamantane-1-carboxylic acid
    —— 2-methoxy-4-[(E)-2-methyl-3-nitroprop-1-enyl]phenol —— C11H13NO4
    2-methoxy-4-[(E)-2-methyl-3-nitroprop-1-enyl]phenol
    —— 1-Hydroxy-3,5-dimethyl-2-(phenoxysulfinylamino)benzene;1-hydroxy-4,5-dimethyl-2-(phenoxysulfinylamino)benzene —— C28H30N2O6S2
    1-Hydroxy-3,5-dimethyl-2-(phenoxysulfinylamino)benzene;1-hydroxy-4,5-dimethyl-2-(phenoxysulfinylamino)benzene
    —— (Z)-2-(1,3-benzoxazol-2-yl)-3-(2-hydroxy-4-nitroanilino)prop-2-enal —— C16H11N3O5
    (Z)-2-(1,3-benzoxazol-2-yl)-3-(2-hydroxy-4-nitroanilino)prop-2-enal
    —— 5-[(2-Hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-methylideneimidazolidin-4-one —— C11H10N2O2
    5-[(2-Hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-methylideneimidazolidin-4-one
    —— 3,4,5-Trimethyl-2-(2-methylcyclopropyl)phenol —— C13H18O
    3,4,5-Trimethyl-2-(2-methylcyclopropyl)phenol
    —— 2-Ethyl-6-methylphenol;methanesulfonic acid —— C10H16O4S
    2-Ethyl-6-methylphenol;methanesulfonic acid
    —— N-[(5Z)-5-(5-bromo-2-oxo-1H-indol-3-ylidene)-4-oxo-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]-4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzamide —— C19H12BrN3O5S2
    N-[(5Z)-5-(5-bromo-2-oxo-1H-indol-3-ylidene)-4-oxo-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]-4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzamide