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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 5-[(Z)-(3,5-dimethyl-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)iminomethyl]-2-methoxyphenol —— C12H14N4O2
    5-[(Z)-(3,5-dimethyl-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)iminomethyl]-2-methoxyphenol
    —— N-[(Z)-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-3-(4-methylpiperazine-1,4-diium-1-yl)propanamide —— C16H26N4O3+2
    N-[(Z)-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-3-(4-methylpiperazine-1,4-diium-1-yl)propanamide
    —— N-[(Z)-(3-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-3-(4-methylpiperazine-1,4-diium-1-yl)propanamide —— C15H24N4O2+2
    N-[(Z)-(3-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-3-(4-methylpiperazine-1,4-diium-1-yl)propanamide
    —— 4-chloro-2-[[(Z)-(5-hydroxy-2-nitrophenyl)methylideneamino]carbamoyl]phenolate —— C14H9ClN3O5-
    4-chloro-2-[[(Z)-(5-hydroxy-2-nitrophenyl)methylideneamino]carbamoyl]phenolate
    —— (3Z)-3-[[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethylamino]methylidene]-1-ethylindol-2-one —— C19H20N2O3
    (3Z)-3-[[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethylamino]methylidene]-1-ethylindol-2-one
    —— 1-(4-amino-1,2,5-oxadiazol-3-yl)-N-[(Z)-(3-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-5-methyltriazole-4-carboxamide —— C13H12N8O3
    1-(4-amino-1,2,5-oxadiazol-3-yl)-N-[(Z)-(3-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-5-methyltriazole-4-carboxamide
    —— 10-bromo-4-[(3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-5-thia-7,12-diaza-2-azoniatricyclo[6.4.0.02,6]dodeca-1(8),2(6),9,11-tetraen-3-one —— C16H10Br2N3O3S+
    10-bromo-4-[(3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-5-thia-7,12-diaza-2-azoniatricyclo[6.4.0.02,6]dodeca-1(8),2(6),9,11-tetraen-3-one
    —— 2-diethoxyphosphoryl-N-[(Z)-(3-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]acetamide —— C13H19N2O5P
    2-diethoxyphosphoryl-N-[(Z)-(3-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]acetamide
    —— 5-[(Z)-[(Z)-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylidenehydrazinylidene]methyl]-2-methoxyphenol —— C16H16N2O4
    5-[(Z)-[(Z)-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylidenehydrazinylidene]methyl]-2-methoxyphenol
    —— 5-methoxy-2-[[4-[(E)-3-phenylprop-2-enyl]piperazine-1,4-diium-1-yl]methyl]phenol —— C21H28N2O2+2
    5-methoxy-2-[[4-[(E)-3-phenylprop-2-enyl]piperazine-1,4-diium-1-yl]methyl]phenol
    —— 3-[(Z)-[(E)-(3-ethyl-4-methyl-1,3-thiazol-2-ylidene)hydrazinylidene]methyl]phenol —— C13H15N3OS
    3-[(Z)-[(E)-(3-ethyl-4-methyl-1,3-thiazol-2-ylidene)hydrazinylidene]methyl]phenol
    —— 2-[(2Z,5R)-2-[(Z)-(3-hydroxyphenyl)methylidenehydrazinylidene]-4-oxo-1,3-thiazolidin-5-yl]acetate —— C12H10N3O4S-
    2-[(2Z,5R)-2-[(Z)-(3-hydroxyphenyl)methylidenehydrazinylidene]-4-oxo-1,3-thiazolidin-5-yl]acetate
    —— 4-amino-N'-[(Z)-(3-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-1,2,5-oxadiazole-3-carboximidamide —— C10H10N6O2
    4-amino-N'-[(Z)-(3-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-1,2,5-oxadiazole-3-carboximidamide
    —— (5Z)-5-[(3-chloro-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-[[(Z)-(3-chloro-5-methoxy-4-oxocyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene)methyl]amino]-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C19H14Cl2N2O5S2
    (5Z)-5-[(3-chloro-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-[[(Z)-(3-chloro-5-methoxy-4-oxocyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene)methyl]amino]-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 2-bromo-6-methoxy-4-[[4-[(E)-3-phenylprop-2-enyl]piperazine-1,4-diium-1-yl]methyl]phenol —— C21H27BrN2O2+2
    2-bromo-6-methoxy-4-[[4-[(E)-3-phenylprop-2-enyl]piperazine-1,4-diium-1-yl]methyl]phenol
    —— 2-methoxy-4-[[4-[(E)-3-phenylprop-2-enyl]piperazine-1,4-diium-1-yl]methyl]phenol —— C21H28N2O2+2
    2-methoxy-4-[[4-[(E)-3-phenylprop-2-enyl]piperazine-1,4-diium-1-yl]methyl]phenol
    —— 4-(2-Aminoethyl)-5-methylbenzene-1,2-diol hydrochloride —— C9H14ClNO2
    4-(2-Aminoethyl)-5-methylbenzene-1,2-diol hydrochloride
    —— (5Z)-1-benzyl-5-[(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)methylidene]-1,3-diazinane-2,4,6-trione —— C20H18N2O6
    (5Z)-1-benzyl-5-[(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)methylidene]-1,3-diazinane-2,4,6-trione
    —— 2-methoxy-5-[(Z)-(4-methylpiperazin-4-ium-1-yl)iminomethyl]phenol —— C13H20N3O2+
    2-methoxy-5-[(Z)-(4-methylpiperazin-4-ium-1-yl)iminomethyl]phenol
    —— N,N-Dimethyl-2-phenylcyclohexanamine picrate —— C20H24N4O7
    N,N-Dimethyl-2-phenylcyclohexanamine picrate
    —— acetic acid;ethyl (2E)-7-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-5-methyl-2-[(2-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-3-oxo-7H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate —— C26H25N3O9S
    acetic acid;ethyl (2E)-7-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-5-methyl-2-[(2-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-3-oxo-7H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate
    —— 4-[[4-[(4-Ethoxyphenyl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl]methyl]-2,6-dimethoxyphenol;oxalic acid —— C24H32N2O8
    4-[[4-[(4-Ethoxyphenyl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl]methyl]-2,6-dimethoxyphenol;oxalic acid
    —— 4-[[4-[(4-Fluorophenyl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl]methyl]-2,6-dimethoxyphenol;oxalic acid —— C22H27FN2O7
    4-[[4-[(4-Fluorophenyl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl]methyl]-2,6-dimethoxyphenol;oxalic acid
    —— 4-[[4-[(2-Fluorophenyl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl]methyl]-2,6-dimethoxyphenol;oxalic acid —— C22H27FN2O7
    4-[[4-[(2-Fluorophenyl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl]methyl]-2,6-dimethoxyphenol;oxalic acid
    —— 2,6-Dimethoxy-4-[[4-[(3-nitrophenyl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl]methyl]phenol;oxalic acid —— C22H27N3O9
    2,6-Dimethoxy-4-[[4-[(3-nitrophenyl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl]methyl]phenol;oxalic acid
    —— 2,6-Dimethoxy-4-[[4-[(4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl]methyl]phenol;oxalic acid —— C23H30N2O8
    2,6-Dimethoxy-4-[[4-[(4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl]methyl]phenol;oxalic acid
    —— N'-[(E)-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-(1H-indol-3-yl)acetohydrazide —— C18H17N3O3
    N'-[(E)-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-(1H-indol-3-yl)acetohydrazide
    —— (E)-4-(prop-2-enoylamino)-N-[(2,4,6-trihydroxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)methyl]but-2-enamide —— C16H20N2O5
    (E)-4-(prop-2-enoylamino)-N-[(2,4,6-trihydroxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)methyl]but-2-enamide
    —— (E)-4-(prop-2-enoylamino)-N-[(2,3,4-trihydroxy-5-methylphenyl)methyl]but-2-enamide —— C15H18N2O5
    (E)-4-(prop-2-enoylamino)-N-[(2,3,4-trihydroxy-5-methylphenyl)methyl]but-2-enamide
    —— (E)-N-[(2,5-dihydroxy-3-methylphenyl)methyl]-4-(prop-2-enoylamino)but-2-enamide —— C15H18N2O4
    (E)-N-[(2,5-dihydroxy-3-methylphenyl)methyl]-4-(prop-2-enoylamino)but-2-enamide
    —— (1R)-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethane-1,2-diol;(1S)-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethane-1,2-diol —— C18H24O8
    (1R)-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethane-1,2-diol;(1S)-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethane-1,2-diol
    —— 4-[(1R)-1-hydroxy-2-(methylamino)ethyl]-2-methoxyphenol;4-[(1S)-1-hydroxy-2-(methylamino)ethyl]-2-methoxyphenol;dihydrochloride —— C20H32Cl2N2O6
    4-[(1R)-1-hydroxy-2-(methylamino)ethyl]-2-methoxyphenol;4-[(1S)-1-hydroxy-2-(methylamino)ethyl]-2-methoxyphenol;dihydrochloride
    —— 4-[(1R)-1-hydroxy-2-(methylamino)ethyl]phenol;4-[(1S)-1-hydroxy-2-(methylamino)ethyl]phenol;sulfuric acid —— C36H56N4O16S2
    4-[(1R)-1-hydroxy-2-(methylamino)ethyl]phenol;4-[(1S)-1-hydroxy-2-(methylamino)ethyl]phenol;sulfuric acid
    —— 4-[(1R)-1-hydroxy-2-(methylamino)ethyl]phenol;sulfuric acid —— C18H28N2O8S
    4-[(1R)-1-hydroxy-2-(methylamino)ethyl]phenol;sulfuric acid
    —— [(2R)-2-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxy-2-methoxyphenoxy)propyl] carbamate —— C11H15NO6
    [(2R)-2-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxy-2-methoxyphenoxy)propyl] carbamate
    —— 2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl-1,1-D2-amine hcl —— C8H12ClNO2
    2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl-1,1-D2-amine hcl
    —— 3-Pyridinemethanol, 5-butyl-4-(4-fluoro-2-hydroxyphenyl)-a-methyl-2,6-bis(1-methylethyl)-, (aR)- —— C23H34FNO2
    3-Pyridinemethanol, 5-butyl-4-(4-fluoro-2-hydroxyphenyl)-a-methyl-2,6-bis(1-methylethyl)-, (aR)-
    —— (2E)-5-[5-(2,5-dihydroxyphenyl)furan-3-yl]-3,8-dimethylnona-2,7-dienoic acid —— C21H24O5
    (2E)-5-[5-(2,5-dihydroxyphenyl)furan-3-yl]-3,8-dimethylnona-2,7-dienoic acid
    —— (5Z)-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-[[(2S)-oxolan-2-yl]methyl]-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C16H17NO4S2
    (5Z)-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-[[(2S)-oxolan-2-yl]methyl]-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— Aspulvinone I 61370-80-7 C22H20O5
    Aspulvinone I
    —— 3-Pyridinemethanol, 5-ethyl-4-(4-fluoro-2-hydroxyphenyl)-a-methyl-2,6-bis(1-methylethyl)-, (aR,4R)-(9CI) —— C21H30FNO2
    3-Pyridinemethanol, 5-ethyl-4-(4-fluoro-2-hydroxyphenyl)-a-methyl-2,6-bis(1-methylethyl)-, (aR,4R)-(9CI)
    —— Hydroxy(3-hydroxy-2-methyl-6-nitrophenyl)mercury sodium salt —— C6H5HgNNaO4
    Hydroxy(3-hydroxy-2-methyl-6-nitrophenyl)mercury sodium salt
    —— 2,3,6-Trimethylphenol-D11 —— C9H12O
    2,3,6-Trimethylphenol-D11
    —— 4-[Chloro(methylsulfanyl)methyl]-3-methylphenol —— C9H11ClOS
    4-[Chloro(methylsulfanyl)methyl]-3-methylphenol
    —— 2,3,5-Trichlorophenol-4,6-D2 —— C6H3Cl3O
    2,3,5-Trichlorophenol-4,6-D2
    —— 2,4,6-Trimethylphenol-D11 —— C9H12O
    2,4,6-Trimethylphenol-D11
    —— (4S)-4-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)cyclohex-2-en-1-one —— C16H21NO2
    (4S)-4-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)cyclohex-2-en-1-one
    —— (2,5-Dihydroxyphenyl)azanium;hydrogen sulfite —— C6H9NO5S
    (2,5-Dihydroxyphenyl)azanium;hydrogen sulfite
    —— 4-[[1-[(3-Methylphenyl)methyl]triazol-4-yl]methyl]benzene-1,2-diol —— C17H17N3O2
    4-[[1-[(3-Methylphenyl)methyl]triazol-4-yl]methyl]benzene-1,2-diol
    —— (4-methoxyphenyl) (E)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethenesulfonate —— C15H14O6S
    (4-methoxyphenyl) (E)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethenesulfonate