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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 2,3,5-Trimethyl-6-non-1-enylbenzene-1,4-diol —— C18H28O2
    2,3,5-Trimethyl-6-non-1-enylbenzene-1,4-diol
    —— 2-[[[6-[2-Methoxyethyl(methyl)amino]-2-(2-morpholin-4-ylethoxy)pyrimidin-4-yl]diazenyl]methyl]-4-methylphenol —— C22H32N6O4
    2-[[[6-[2-Methoxyethyl(methyl)amino]-2-(2-morpholin-4-ylethoxy)pyrimidin-4-yl]diazenyl]methyl]-4-methylphenol
    —— N-[2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-(methylideneamino)ethenyl]-N,4,4-trimethyl-1,3-oxazolidine-3-carboxamide —— C17H23N3O4
    N-[2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-(methylideneamino)ethenyl]-N,4,4-trimethyl-1,3-oxazolidine-3-carboxamide
    —— 4-[[8-Benzyl-6-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5,6-dihydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyrazin-2-yl]methyl]phenol —— C26H23N3O2
    4-[[8-Benzyl-6-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5,6-dihydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyrazin-2-yl]methyl]phenol
    —— 4-hydroxy-5-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-3-[5-methyl-2-(trifluoromethyl)furan-3-yl]-1H-imidazol-2-one —— C16H13F3N2O4
    4-hydroxy-5-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-3-[5-methyl-2-(trifluoromethyl)furan-3-yl]-1H-imidazol-2-one
    —— (5Z)-5-[(5-chloro-2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-(2-oxo-2-pyrrolidin-1-ylethyl)-1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione —— C17H17ClN2O5S
    (5Z)-5-[(5-chloro-2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-(2-oxo-2-pyrrolidin-1-ylethyl)-1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione
    —— 4-[Diazenyl(nitroso)methyl]-2,6-dimethylphenol —— C9H11N3O2
    4-[Diazenyl(nitroso)methyl]-2,6-dimethylphenol
    —— (4-Hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)-methoxy-oxoazanium —— C8H10NO3+
    (4-Hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)-methoxy-oxoazanium
    —— 5-[(5-Bromo-2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-1-prop-2-enyl-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-diazinane-4,6-dione —— C15H13BrN2O4S
    5-[(5-Bromo-2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-1-prop-2-enyl-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-diazinane-4,6-dione
    —— N-hydroxy-2-[(2-hydroxy-6-methoxyphenyl)methylamino]acetamide —— C10H14N2O4
    N-hydroxy-2-[(2-hydroxy-6-methoxyphenyl)methylamino]acetamide
    —— 1-butyl-3-[(Z)-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]thiourea —— C13H19N3O2S
    1-butyl-3-[(Z)-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]thiourea
    —— 1-(Furan-2-yl)-3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)propan-2-one —— C13H12O3
    1-(Furan-2-yl)-3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)propan-2-one
    —— 4-[4-[1,3-Benzodioxol-5-yl(methyl)amino]but-3-enyl]-2-methoxyphenol —— C19H21NO4
    4-[4-[1,3-Benzodioxol-5-yl(methyl)amino]but-3-enyl]-2-methoxyphenol
    —— 5-{(Z)-[2-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)hydrazinylidene]methyl}-2-methoxyphenol —— C15H14N4O2
    5-{(Z)-[2-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)hydrazinylidene]methyl}-2-methoxyphenol
    —— methyl (4Z)-1-cyclohexyl-4-(2-hydroxybenzylidene)-2-methyl-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxylate —— C20H23NO4
    methyl (4Z)-1-cyclohexyl-4-(2-hydroxybenzylidene)-2-methyl-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxylate
    —— 2-(2-chlorophenyl)imino-N'-[(3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]acetohydrazide —— C15H12Br2ClN3O2
    2-(2-chlorophenyl)imino-N'-[(3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]acetohydrazide
    —— 2-[(2-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)aminomethylene]cyclohexa-3,5-dien-1(2H)-one —— C13H10N2O4
    2-[(2-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)aminomethylene]cyclohexa-3,5-dien-1(2H)-one
    —— Dimethyl 2-[(2-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)methyl]but-2-enedioate —— C14H16O5
    Dimethyl 2-[(2-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)methyl]but-2-enedioate
    —— (5Z)-3-(4-chlorobenzyl)-5-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione —— C18H14ClNO4S
    (5Z)-3-(4-chlorobenzyl)-5-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione
    —— ethane;(2Z)-2-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-4-methylthiomorpholin-3-one —— C16H25NO2S
    ethane;(2Z)-2-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-4-methylthiomorpholin-3-one
    —— ethyl (2Z)-5-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-hydroxy-3-nitrobenzylidene)-7-methyl-3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate —— C25H23N3O8S
    ethyl (2Z)-5-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-hydroxy-3-nitrobenzylidene)-7-methyl-3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate
    —— 5,10,11-Trihydroxy-8-methoxy-1,4,5,6,7,8-hexahydro-4-benzazecine-2,3-dione —— C14H17NO6
    5,10,11-Trihydroxy-8-methoxy-1,4,5,6,7,8-hexahydro-4-benzazecine-2,3-dione
    —— [(2-Hydroxy-phenyl)-(pyridin-2-ylamino)-methyl]-phosphonic acid diethyl ester 61146-37-0 C16H21N2O4P
    [(2-Hydroxy-phenyl)-(pyridin-2-ylamino)-methyl]-phosphonic acid diethyl ester
    —— 3-(3-Methyl-but-2-enyl)-phenol —— C11H14O
    3-(3-Methyl-but-2-enyl)-phenol
    —— (2Z,5Z)-5-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-3-phenyl-2-(2-phenylhydrazinylidene)-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C23H19N3O3S
    (2Z,5Z)-5-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-3-phenyl-2-(2-phenylhydrazinylidene)-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 2-(4-hydroxy-2,6-dimethoxyphenyl)-N-[2-(4-hydroxy-2,6-dimethoxyphenyl)ethynylsulfinyl]ethanesulfinamide —— C20H23NO8S2
    2-(4-hydroxy-2,6-dimethoxyphenyl)-N-[2-(4-hydroxy-2,6-dimethoxyphenyl)ethynylsulfinyl]ethanesulfinamide
    —— 2,6-Dimethyl-4-(5-methyldecan-5-yl)phenol —— C19H32O
    2,6-Dimethyl-4-(5-methyldecan-5-yl)phenol
    —— 1-Deuteriooxy-2-methylbenzene;ethane —— C9H14O
    1-Deuteriooxy-2-methylbenzene;ethane
    —— 3-fluoro-4-[[(Z)-1-hydrazinyl-2-nitroethenyl]amino]phenol —— C8H9FN4O3
    3-fluoro-4-[[(Z)-1-hydrazinyl-2-nitroethenyl]amino]phenol
    —— 6-ethyl 8-methyl (2Z)-5-amino-2-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)-7-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyridine-6,8-dicarboxylate —— C25H22N2O7S
    6-ethyl 8-methyl (2Z)-5-amino-2-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)-7-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyridine-6,8-dicarboxylate
    —— (5E)-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-(2-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)-2-phenylimidazol-4-one —— C23H17N3O6
    (5E)-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-(2-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)-2-phenylimidazol-4-one
    —— 4-[(3-Bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methyldiazenyl]-6-(2-ethoxyphenyl)thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-7-ol —— C22H19BrN4O4S
    4-[(3-Bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methyldiazenyl]-6-(2-ethoxyphenyl)thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-7-ol
    —— 4,4-Dihydroxy-2-(2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyphenyl)-5-(trihydroxymethyl)pyrazol-3-one —— C10H10N2O11
    4,4-Dihydroxy-2-(2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyphenyl)-5-(trihydroxymethyl)pyrazol-3-one
    —— 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-7-methyl-8aH-chromene-3,5-diol —— C16H14O5
    2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-7-methyl-8aH-chromene-3,5-diol
    —— N-[(3-hydroxy-4-methylphenyl)methyl]nonanamide —— C17H27NO2
    N-[(3-hydroxy-4-methylphenyl)methyl]nonanamide
    —— (5Z)-5-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)-2-imino-3-(1,3-thiazol-2-yl)-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C13H9N3O2S2
    (5Z)-5-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)-2-imino-3-(1,3-thiazol-2-yl)-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— (2R,3R,4R)-3-[5-[5-chloro-3-(diethoxymethyl)-2-hydroxy-6-methoxy-4-methylphenyl]-3-methylpenta-1,3-dienyl]-2,3,4-trimethylcyclohexan-1-one —— C28H41ClO5
    (2R,3R,4R)-3-[5-[5-chloro-3-(diethoxymethyl)-2-hydroxy-6-methoxy-4-methylphenyl]-3-methylpenta-1,3-dienyl]-2,3,4-trimethylcyclohexan-1-one
    —— (5Z)-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-imino-3-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C18H13F3N2O3S
    (5Z)-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-imino-3-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— (10S)-10,18-dihydroxy-16-methyl-3-oxabicyclo[12.4.0]octadeca-1(14),5,12,15,17-pentaene-2,8-dione —— C18H20O5
    (10S)-10,18-dihydroxy-16-methyl-3-oxabicyclo[12.4.0]octadeca-1(14),5,12,15,17-pentaene-2,8-dione
    —— (5Z)-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-imino-3-(1,3-thiazol-2-yl)-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C14H11N3O3S2
    (5Z)-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-imino-3-(1,3-thiazol-2-yl)-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 3-[[2-(2-Hydroxyethyl)hydrazinyl]methyl]phenol —— C9H14N2O2
    3-[[2-(2-Hydroxyethyl)hydrazinyl]methyl]phenol
    —— 2-Chloro-6-[2-(2-hydroxyethyl)pyrrol-2-yl]-4-nitrophenol —— C12H11ClN2O4
    2-Chloro-6-[2-(2-hydroxyethyl)pyrrol-2-yl]-4-nitrophenol
    —— 4-hydroxy-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-3H-1,3-thiazol-2-one —— C11H11NO4S
    4-hydroxy-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-3H-1,3-thiazol-2-one
    —— ethyl (2Z)-2-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-7-methyl-3-oxo-5-thiophen-2-yl-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate —— C21H18N2O4S2
    ethyl (2Z)-2-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-7-methyl-3-oxo-5-thiophen-2-yl-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate
    —— 6-[(E)-2-(2-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)ethenyl]-5-nitro-1H-pyrimidine-2,4-dione —— C12H8N4O7
    6-[(E)-2-(2-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)ethenyl]-5-nitro-1H-pyrimidine-2,4-dione
    —— 3-(4-Hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)propanehydrazide —— C10H14N2O2
    3-(4-Hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)propanehydrazide
    —— 5-[2-(2,5-Dimethylphenoxy)ethoxy]-2-hydroxy-4-methylbenzaldehyde;ethyl 2-(chloromethyl)-1,3-oxazole-5-carboxylate —— C25H28ClNO7
    5-[2-(2,5-Dimethylphenoxy)ethoxy]-2-hydroxy-4-methylbenzaldehyde;ethyl 2-(chloromethyl)-1,3-oxazole-5-carboxylate
    —— 3-[(Methylidene-lambda4-sulfanylidene)methylamino]benzene-1,2-diol —— C8H9NO2S
    3-[(Methylidene-lambda4-sulfanylidene)methylamino]benzene-1,2-diol
    —— (4Z)-4-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-1,2,5-thiadiazolidin-3-one —— C10H10N2O3S
    (4Z)-4-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-1,2,5-thiadiazolidin-3-one
    —— 2-Methoxy-5-[[(6-pyrrol-1-yl-1,4-dihydroisoquinolin-4-yl)methylideneamino]methyl]phenol —— C22H21N3O2
    2-Methoxy-5-[[(6-pyrrol-1-yl-1,4-dihydroisoquinolin-4-yl)methylideneamino]methyl]phenol