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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— ethyl (2Z,5R)-2-[(1-ethyl-3,5-dimethylpyrazol-4-yl)methylidene]-5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-7-methyl-3-oxo-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate —— C24H26N4O4S
    ethyl (2Z,5R)-2-[(1-ethyl-3,5-dimethylpyrazol-4-yl)methylidene]-5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-7-methyl-3-oxo-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate
    —— ethyl (6R)-6-(2,3-dibromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-4-methyl-2-oxo-3-phenyl-1,6-dihydropyrimidine-5-carboxylate —— C21H20Br2N2O5
    ethyl (6R)-6-(2,3-dibromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-4-methyl-2-oxo-3-phenyl-1,6-dihydropyrimidine-5-carboxylate
    —— ethyl (6S)-6-(2,3-dibromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-4-methyl-2-oxo-3-phenyl-1,6-dihydropyrimidine-5-carboxylate —— C21H20Br2N2O5
    ethyl (6S)-6-(2,3-dibromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-4-methyl-2-oxo-3-phenyl-1,6-dihydropyrimidine-5-carboxylate
    —— 2-Nitrophenol-4-sulfomethyl amide —— C7H8N2O5S
    2-Nitrophenol-4-sulfomethyl amide
    —— 2,4-bis[(2R)-pentan-2-yl]phenol —— C16H26O
    2,4-bis[(2R)-pentan-2-yl]phenol
    —— (R)-hydroxy-(2-hydroxyphenyl)methanesulfonic acid —— C7H8O5S
    (R)-hydroxy-(2-hydroxyphenyl)methanesulfonic acid
    —— 4-[(1S)-2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl]-2-fluorophenol —— C8H10FNO2
    4-[(1S)-2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl]-2-fluorophenol
    —— 3-[(1S)-2-(tert-butylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl]phenol —— C12H19NO2
    3-[(1S)-2-(tert-butylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl]phenol
    —— 2-methylpropyl 7-(3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-5-methyl-1,7-dihydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate —— C18H21BrN4O4
    2-methylpropyl 7-(3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-5-methyl-1,7-dihydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate
    —— (5E)-3-(5,6-dimethyl-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-phenylimidazol-4-one —— C26H21N3O3S
    (5E)-3-(5,6-dimethyl-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-phenylimidazol-4-one
    —— 2-[[bis[(2S)-2-hydroxypropyl]amino]methyl]-4-phenylmethoxyphenol —— C20H27NO4
    2-[[bis[(2S)-2-hydroxypropyl]amino]methyl]-4-phenylmethoxyphenol
    —— (5E)-5-(3H-1,3-benzothiazol-2-ylidene)-6-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-4-phenyl-1,6-dihydropyrimidin-2-one —— C24H19N3O3S
    (5E)-5-(3H-1,3-benzothiazol-2-ylidene)-6-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-4-phenyl-1,6-dihydropyrimidin-2-one
    —— 2-[[bis[(2R)-2-hydroxypropyl]amino]methyl]-4-phenylmethoxyphenol —— C20H27NO4
    2-[[bis[(2R)-2-hydroxypropyl]amino]methyl]-4-phenylmethoxyphenol
    —— 2-methoxy-4-[(2R,4S)-4-methyl-1,3-dioxan-2-yl]phenol —— C12H16O4
    2-methoxy-4-[(2R,4S)-4-methyl-1,3-dioxan-2-yl]phenol
    —— (5Z)-3-(2-chloro-4-fluorobenzyl)-5-(3-chloro-4-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzylidene)-1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione —— C18H12Cl2FNO4S
    (5Z)-3-(2-chloro-4-fluorobenzyl)-5-(3-chloro-4-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzylidene)-1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione
    —— (5E)-5-(3-bromo-4-hydroxybenzylidene)-3-(prop-2-en-1-yl)-1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione —— C13H10BrNO3S
    (5E)-5-(3-bromo-4-hydroxybenzylidene)-3-(prop-2-en-1-yl)-1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione
    —— 2-chloro-5-[(4R,5R)-2,4,5-trimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-yl]phenol —— C12H15ClO3
    2-chloro-5-[(4R,5R)-2,4,5-trimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-yl]phenol
    —— (4R)-2-amino-4-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrimidin-6-one —— C11H13N3O3
    (4R)-2-amino-4-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrimidin-6-one
    —— (2S)-2-[[2,5-dihydroxy-4-[[(1S)-2-oxocyclooctyl]methyl]phenyl]methyl]cyclooctan-1-one —— C24H34O4
    (2S)-2-[[2,5-dihydroxy-4-[[(1S)-2-oxocyclooctyl]methyl]phenyl]methyl]cyclooctan-1-one
    —— 4-bromo-2-methoxy-6-[(Z)-2-nitroprop-1-enyl]phenol —— C10H10BrNO4
    4-bromo-2-methoxy-6-[(Z)-2-nitroprop-1-enyl]phenol
    —— ethyl (2Z)-5-(4-bromophenyl)-2-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-7-methyl-3-oxo-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate —— C24H21BrN2O5S
    ethyl (2Z)-5-(4-bromophenyl)-2-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-7-methyl-3-oxo-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate
    —— (2S)-2-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)acetaldehyde —— C9H10O4
    (2S)-2-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)acetaldehyde
    —— (3E)-3-[(3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-5-chloro-1H-indol-2-one —— C16H11BrClNO3
    (3E)-3-[(3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-5-chloro-1H-indol-2-one
    —— (5E)-5-(3-bromo-4-hydroxybenzylidene)-3-(2-chlorobenzyl)-1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione —— C17H11BrClNO3S
    (5E)-5-(3-bromo-4-hydroxybenzylidene)-3-(2-chlorobenzyl)-1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione
    —— (2R)-3-(5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C15H11Cl2NO2S
    (2R)-3-(5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— methyl (4S)-4-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-6-methyl-2-oxo-3,4-dihydro-1H-pyrimidine-5-carboxylate —— C14H16N2O5
    methyl (4S)-4-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-6-methyl-2-oxo-3,4-dihydro-1H-pyrimidine-5-carboxylate
    —— N'-(2-hydroxy-4-nitroanilino)-N-[(Z)-(4-nitro-6-oxocyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-ylidene)amino]ethanimidamide —— C14H12N6O6
    N'-(2-hydroxy-4-nitroanilino)-N-[(Z)-(4-nitro-6-oxocyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-ylidene)amino]ethanimidamide
    —— N-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)-4-[(5Z)-5-(4-methylbenzylidene)-4-oxo-2-thioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]butanamide —— C21H19N3O5S2
    N-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)-4-[(5Z)-5-(4-methylbenzylidene)-4-oxo-2-thioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]butanamide
    —— 4-chloro-5-nitro-2-[[(Z)-pyrrol-2-ylidenemethyl]amino]phenol —— C11H8ClN3O3
    4-chloro-5-nitro-2-[[(Z)-pyrrol-2-ylidenemethyl]amino]phenol
    —— (5E)-5-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-imino-3-phenyl-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C16H12N2O2S
    (5E)-5-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-imino-3-phenyl-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 3,4,5-trihydroxy-N-[(Z)-thiophen-3-ylmethylideneamino]benzamide —— C12H10N2O4S
    3,4,5-trihydroxy-N-[(Z)-thiophen-3-ylmethylideneamino]benzamide
    —— benzene-1,4-diol;manganese(2+) —— C6H6MnO2+2
    benzene-1,4-diol;manganese(2+)
    —— europium(3+);2,4,6-trinitrophenol —— C6H3EuN3O7+3
    europium(3+);2,4,6-trinitrophenol
    —— (5Z)-3-cyclohexyl-5-[(2,3-dibromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-phenylimino-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C23H22Br2N2O3S
    (5Z)-3-cyclohexyl-5-[(2,3-dibromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-phenylimino-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— chromium;hydron;6-[(2-hydroxy-3,5-dinitrophenyl)hydrazinylidene]-4-methoxycyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one;2-[2-(3-methyl-5-oxo-1-phenylpyrazol-4-ylidene)hydrazinyl]-6-nitro-4-sulfophenolate —— C29H24CrN9O14S+
    chromium;hydron;6-[(2-hydroxy-3,5-dinitrophenyl)hydrazinylidene]-4-methoxycyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one;2-[2-(3-methyl-5-oxo-1-phenylpyrazol-4-ylidene)hydrazinyl]-6-nitro-4-sulfophenolate
    —— (2Z,5E)-5-(3-bromo-5-chloro-4-hydroxybenzylidene)-2-[(4-ethylphenyl)imino]-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C18H14BrClN2O2S
    (2Z,5E)-5-(3-bromo-5-chloro-4-hydroxybenzylidene)-2-[(4-ethylphenyl)imino]-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 2-(2-methyl-5-nitroimidazol-1-yl)ethanethiol;2,4,6-trinitrophenol —— C12H12N6O9S
    2-(2-methyl-5-nitroimidazol-1-yl)ethanethiol;2,4,6-trinitrophenol
    —— Ethyl 5-{3-[(4-fluorobenzyl)amino]-1-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-3-oxopropyl}-4-hydroxy-6-oxo-1,6-dihydropyridine-3-carboxylate —— C25H25FN2O7
    Ethyl 5-{3-[(4-fluorobenzyl)amino]-1-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-3-oxopropyl}-4-hydroxy-6-oxo-1,6-dihydropyridine-3-carboxylate
    —— (Z)‑3‑hydroxy‑4‑methoxybenzaldehyde oxime 868733-03-3 C8H9NO3
    (Z)‑3‑hydroxy‑4‑methoxybenzaldehyde oxime
    —— N-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-N-(oxolan-2-ylmethyl)-3-pyridin-4-ylprop-2-enamide —— C20H22N2O3
    N-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-N-(oxolan-2-ylmethyl)-3-pyridin-4-ylprop-2-enamide
    —— N'-[(E)-[3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)pyrazol-4-ylidene]methyl]-4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzohydrazide —— C20H20N4O5
    N'-[(E)-[3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)pyrazol-4-ylidene]methyl]-4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzohydrazide
    —— 3-[[(5E)-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-3-methyl-4-oxo-1,3-thiazolidin-2-ylidene]amino]benzoic acid —— C18H13N3O6S
    3-[[(5E)-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-3-methyl-4-oxo-1,3-thiazolidin-2-ylidene]amino]benzoic acid
    —— ethyl (2Z)-2-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-7-methyl-3-oxo-5-(4-prop-2-enoxyphenyl)-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate —— C27H26N2O6S
    ethyl (2Z)-2-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-7-methyl-3-oxo-5-(4-prop-2-enoxyphenyl)-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate
    —— 2,5-Bis{6-[isopropyl(2-methoxybenzyl)amino]hexylamino}-[1,4]-benzoquinone —— C40H60N4O4
    2,5-Bis{6-[isopropyl(2-methoxybenzyl)amino]hexylamino}-[1,4]-benzoquinone
    —— N-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidine-2-carboxamide —— C13H17N3O3
    N-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidine-2-carboxamide
    —— (6E)-6-[[2-[4-(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)-6-phenylazanyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]hydrazinyl]methylidene]-4-methoxy-cyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one —— C22H22N8O2
    (6E)-6-[[2-[4-(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)-6-phenylazanyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]hydrazinyl]methylidene]-4-methoxy-cyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one
    —— N-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-1,3-diazepine-2-carboxamide —— C12H14N4O4
    N-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-1,3-diazepine-2-carboxamide
    —— 6-amino-5-hydroxy-2H-1,3-benzoxathiol-2-one —— C7H5NO3S
    6-amino-5-hydroxy-2H-1,3-benzoxathiol-2-one
    —— 4-Ethyl-5-hydroxy-1,3-benzoxathiol-2-one —— C9H8O3S
    4-Ethyl-5-hydroxy-1,3-benzoxathiol-2-one
    —— (5E)-3-(2-ethoxyethyl)-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-phenylimino-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C21H22N2O4S
    (5E)-3-(2-ethoxyethyl)-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-phenylimino-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one