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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 5-[(1R)-2-amino-1-[(2R,6S)-2,6-dimethylmorpholin-4-yl]ethyl]-2-methoxyphenol —— C15H24N2O3
    5-[(1R)-2-amino-1-[(2R,6S)-2,6-dimethylmorpholin-4-yl]ethyl]-2-methoxyphenol
    —— (2E)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-[(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)amino]prop-2-en-1-one —— C16H14ClNO2
    (2E)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-[(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)amino]prop-2-en-1-one
    —— 4-[(1S)-2-amino-1-(N-methylanilino)ethyl]-2-methoxyphenol —— C16H20N2O2
    4-[(1S)-2-amino-1-(N-methylanilino)ethyl]-2-methoxyphenol
    —— 4-[(1R)-2-amino-1-(N-ethylanilino)ethyl]benzene-1,3-diol —— C16H20N2O2
    4-[(1R)-2-amino-1-(N-ethylanilino)ethyl]benzene-1,3-diol
    —— 4-[(1S)-2-amino-1-(4-hydroxy-N-methylanilino)ethyl]benzene-1,3-diol —— C15H18N2O3
    4-[(1S)-2-amino-1-(4-hydroxy-N-methylanilino)ethyl]benzene-1,3-diol
    —— 4-[(1R)-2-amino-1-[(2R,6S)-2,6-dimethylmorpholin-4-yl]ethyl]-2-methoxyphenol —— C15H24N2O3
    4-[(1R)-2-amino-1-[(2R,6S)-2,6-dimethylmorpholin-4-yl]ethyl]-2-methoxyphenol
    —— 5-[(1S)-2-amino-1-(N-methylanilino)ethyl]-2-methoxyphenol —— C16H20N2O2
    5-[(1S)-2-amino-1-(N-methylanilino)ethyl]-2-methoxyphenol
    —— 2-[(1S)-2-amino-1-(N-methylanilino)ethyl]-5-methoxyphenol —— C16H20N2O2
    2-[(1S)-2-amino-1-(N-methylanilino)ethyl]-5-methoxyphenol
    —— (Z)-3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-2-[(7S)-7-methyl-4-oxo-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-3H-[1]benzothiolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-yl]prop-2-enenitrile —— C21H19N3O3S
    (Z)-3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-2-[(7S)-7-methyl-4-oxo-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-3H-[1]benzothiolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-yl]prop-2-enenitrile
    —— 4-[(1S)-2-amino-1-morpholin-4-ylethyl]-2-methoxyphenol —— C13H20N2O3
    4-[(1S)-2-amino-1-morpholin-4-ylethyl]-2-methoxyphenol
    —— 2-[(1S)-2-amino-1-morpholin-4-ylethyl]phenol —— C12H18N2O2
    2-[(1S)-2-amino-1-morpholin-4-ylethyl]phenol
    —— (5Z)-1-(2-fluorophenyl)-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-diazinane-4,6-dione —— C17H10FN3O5S
    (5Z)-1-(2-fluorophenyl)-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-diazinane-4,6-dione
    —— (2E)-3-(4-bromo-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one —— C14H13BrN2O3
    (2E)-3-(4-bromo-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one
    —— 2-[(1S)-1-piperazin-1-ylethyl]phenol —— C12H18N2O
    2-[(1S)-1-piperazin-1-ylethyl]phenol
    —— tetrahydroxyketocalix[4]arene —— C44H48O8
    tetrahydroxyketocalix[4]arene
    —— 3-[(1R)-1-piperazin-1-ylethyl]phenol —— C12H18N2O
    3-[(1R)-1-piperazin-1-ylethyl]phenol
    —— 1-benzyl-3-[(Z)-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]thiourea —— C16H17N3O2S
    1-benzyl-3-[(Z)-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]thiourea
    —— (5E)-5-[(3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-2-sulfanylidene-3-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C17H8BrF3N2O4S2
    (5E)-5-[(3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-2-sulfanylidene-3-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— cyclopenta-1,3-diene;(E)-3-cyclopenta-2,4-dien-1-yl-1-(2-hydroxy-4-methylphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one;iron —— C20H10FeO2-10
    cyclopenta-1,3-diene;(E)-3-cyclopenta-2,4-dien-1-yl-1-(2-hydroxy-4-methylphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one;iron
    —— (Z)-2-[4-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]-3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enenitrile —— C19H12Cl2N2O2S
    (Z)-2-[4-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]-3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enenitrile
    —— 3-[(Z)-1-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)prop-2-enylidene]-6-methylpyran-2,4-dione —— C17H16O7
    3-[(Z)-1-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)prop-2-enylidene]-6-methylpyran-2,4-dione
    —— (1S,6R)-N-[(E)-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]bicyclo[4.1.0]heptane-7-carboxamide —— C16H20N2O3
    (1S,6R)-N-[(E)-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]bicyclo[4.1.0]heptane-7-carboxamide
    —— (5Z)-5-[(3-bromo-5-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-[(4-fluorophenyl)methyl]-1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione —— C17H10BrClFNO3S
    (5Z)-5-[(3-bromo-5-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-[(4-fluorophenyl)methyl]-1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione
    —— (5Z)-3-benzyl-5-[(E)-3-(5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)-2-methylprop-2-enylidene]-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C20H16ClNO2S2
    (5Z)-3-benzyl-5-[(E)-3-(5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)-2-methylprop-2-enylidene]-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 1-(2-Hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)-3-(2-pyridinyl)-2-propen-1-one —— C14H10N2O4
    1-(2-Hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)-3-(2-pyridinyl)-2-propen-1-one
    —— (2E)-2-[(3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]benzimidazol-1-one —— C16H8BrN3O4S
    (2E)-2-[(3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]benzimidazol-1-one
    —— (2Z,5Z)-5-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-methyl-2-(nitromethylidene)-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C12H10N2O4S
    (2Z,5Z)-5-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-methyl-2-(nitromethylidene)-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— methyl (4E)-4-[(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-methyl-5-oxo-1-(pyridin-3-ylmethyl)pyrrole-3-carboxylate —— C21H20N2O5
    methyl (4E)-4-[(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-methyl-5-oxo-1-(pyridin-3-ylmethyl)pyrrole-3-carboxylate
    —— methyl (4E)-4-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-methyl-5-oxo-1-propylpyrrole-3-carboxylate —— C18H21NO5
    methyl (4E)-4-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-methyl-5-oxo-1-propylpyrrole-3-carboxylate
    —— 2-nitro-4-[[4-[(Z)-3-phenylprop-2-enyl]piperazin-1-yl]methyl]phenol —— C20H23N3O3
    2-nitro-4-[[4-[(Z)-3-phenylprop-2-enyl]piperazin-1-yl]methyl]phenol
    —— 4-nitro-3-[[4-[(Z)-3-phenylprop-2-enyl]piperazin-1-yl]methyl]phenol —— C20H23N3O3
    4-nitro-3-[[4-[(Z)-3-phenylprop-2-enyl]piperazin-1-yl]methyl]phenol
    —— (5Z)-5-(3-chloro-4-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzylidene)-3-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)-1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione —— C18H12Cl3NO4S
    (5Z)-5-(3-chloro-4-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzylidene)-3-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)-1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione
    —— (2Z,5E)-2-[(3,5-Dimethylphenyl)imino]-5-[(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C19H18N2O3S
    (2Z,5E)-2-[(3,5-Dimethylphenyl)imino]-5-[(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— Pseudopelletierinehydrochloride —— C11H10N2O3S
    Pseudopelletierinehydrochloride
    —— N-[(Z)-1-[3-(cyclopropanecarbonylamino)phenyl]ethylideneamino]-3,4,5-trihydroxybenzamide —— C19H19N3O5
    N-[(Z)-1-[3-(cyclopropanecarbonylamino)phenyl]ethylideneamino]-3,4,5-trihydroxybenzamide
    —— (14E)-11-(2-chlorophenyl)-14-[(4-hydroxy-3,5-dinitrophenyl)methylidene]-15-thia-12,17-diazatetracyclo[8.7.0.02,7.012,16]heptadeca-1(10),2,4,6,16-pentaen-13-one —— C27H17ClN4O6S
    (14E)-11-(2-chlorophenyl)-14-[(4-hydroxy-3,5-dinitrophenyl)methylidene]-15-thia-12,17-diazatetracyclo[8.7.0.02,7.012,16]heptadeca-1(10),2,4,6,16-pentaen-13-one
    —— (5E)-3-(3,4-dimethylphenyl)-2-(3,4-dimethylphenyl)imino-5-[(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C28H28N2O4S
    (5E)-3-(3,4-dimethylphenyl)-2-(3,4-dimethylphenyl)imino-5-[(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 3,4,5-trihydroxy-N-[(E)-[phenyl(pyridin-3-yl)methylidene]amino]benzamide —— C19H15N3O4
    3,4,5-trihydroxy-N-[(E)-[phenyl(pyridin-3-yl)methylidene]amino]benzamide
    —— (3Z)-3-[(2-Hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-2-one —— C15H10N2O4
    (3Z)-3-[(2-Hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-2-one
    —— Ethyl (2Z)-2-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-5-(2-methoxyphenyl)-7-methyl-3-oxo-2H,3H,5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-A]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate —— C25H24N2O6S
    Ethyl (2Z)-2-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-5-(2-methoxyphenyl)-7-methyl-3-oxo-2H,3H,5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-A]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate
    —— (2E)-3-(3-Hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-2-[4-(4-nitrophenyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-YL]prop-2-enenitrile —— C19H13N3O4S
    (2E)-3-(3-Hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-2-[4-(4-nitrophenyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-YL]prop-2-enenitrile
    —— (E)-3-(5-hydroxy-2-nitrophenyl)-2-(6-methyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)prop-2-enenitrile —— C17H12N4O3
    (E)-3-(5-hydroxy-2-nitrophenyl)-2-(6-methyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)prop-2-enenitrile
    —— 2-[(5E)-5-(2,3-dibromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzylidene)-2,4-dioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]-N-(4-methylphenyl)acetamide —— C20H16Br2N2O5S
    2-[(5E)-5-(2,3-dibromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzylidene)-2,4-dioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]-N-(4-methylphenyl)acetamide
    —— (5Z)-2-amino-5-[(3,5-dibromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazol-4-one —— C10H6Br2N2O2S
    (5Z)-2-amino-5-[(3,5-dibromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazol-4-one
    —— (4S)-4-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-methyl-1-(6-methyl-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one —— C23H22N4O4S
    (4S)-4-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-methyl-1-(6-methyl-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one
    —— (4R)-4-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-(6-methoxy-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)-3-methyl-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one —— C23H22N4O5S
    (4R)-4-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-(6-methoxy-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)-3-methyl-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one
    —— (4Z)-4-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-1-methylpyrrolidine-2,3-dione —— C13H13NO4
    (4Z)-4-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-1-methylpyrrolidine-2,3-dione
    —— (4S)-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1-(6-methoxy-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one —— C21H18N4O4S
    (4S)-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1-(6-methoxy-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one
    —— 2,6-dimethoxy-4-[[(2S)-2-thiophen-2-ylazepan-1-yl]methyl]phenol —— C19H25NO3S
    2,6-dimethoxy-4-[[(2S)-2-thiophen-2-ylazepan-1-yl]methyl]phenol
    —— 2-methoxy-6-[[(2S)-2-(5-methylthiophen-2-yl)azepan-1-yl]methyl]phenol —— C19H25NO2S
    2-methoxy-6-[[(2S)-2-(5-methylthiophen-2-yl)azepan-1-yl]methyl]phenol