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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 6-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-4-methyl-2-oxo-5,6-dihydro-1H-pyrimidine-5-carboxylic acid —— C13H14N2O5
    6-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-4-methyl-2-oxo-5,6-dihydro-1H-pyrimidine-5-carboxylic acid
    —— 1,5-Dimethylimidazole;ethane;phenol —— C15H26N2O
    1,5-Dimethylimidazole;ethane;phenol
    —— 4-Butan-2-yl-2-methoxyphenol;(2-ethyl-2-adamantyl) 2,2-dimethylbutanoate —— C29H46O4
    4-Butan-2-yl-2-methoxyphenol;(2-ethyl-2-adamantyl) 2,2-dimethylbutanoate
    —— 2-(1H-benzimidazol-2-ylsulfanyl)-N-[(Z)-(3-bromo-5-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]acetamide —— C17H15BrN4O3S
    2-(1H-benzimidazol-2-ylsulfanyl)-N-[(Z)-(3-bromo-5-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]acetamide
    —— 2,4,5-Tris(prop-2-enyl)benzene-1,3-diol —— C15H18O2
    2,4,5-Tris(prop-2-enyl)benzene-1,3-diol
    —— (3E)-3-[7-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-1,4-thiazepan-5-ylidene]-6-methylpyran-2,4-dione —— C18H19NO5S
    (3E)-3-[7-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-1,4-thiazepan-5-ylidene]-6-methylpyran-2,4-dione
    —— 1-N'-(ethoxymethyl)-3-N'-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethoxymethyl]propanedihydrazide —— C15H24N4O5
    1-N'-(ethoxymethyl)-3-N'-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethoxymethyl]propanedihydrazide
    —— Ethane;ethylbenzene;methylsulfonylmethane;phenol —— C22H40O3S
    Ethane;ethylbenzene;methylsulfonylmethane;phenol
    —— methyl (2Z)-2-[[2-(cyanomethoxy)phenyl]methylidene]-5-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-7-methyl-3-oxo-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate —— C25H21N3O6S
    methyl (2Z)-2-[[2-(cyanomethoxy)phenyl]methylidene]-5-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-7-methyl-3-oxo-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate
    —— 2,4-diethyl-3-[2-(2H-pyridin-1-yl)ethylideneamino]phenol —— C17H22N2O
    2,4-diethyl-3-[2-(2H-pyridin-1-yl)ethylideneamino]phenol
    —— 5-[(E)-1-(3,5-Dibromo-2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-thioxotetrahydro-4H-imidazol-4-one —— C11H8Br2N2O3S
    5-[(E)-1-(3,5-Dibromo-2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-thioxotetrahydro-4H-imidazol-4-one
    —— 2,5-Bis{3-[ethyl(2-methoxybenzyl)amino]propylamino}-[1,4]-benzoquinone —— C32H44N4O4
    2,5-Bis{3-[ethyl(2-methoxybenzyl)amino]propylamino}-[1,4]-benzoquinone
    —— 3-bromo-2-methoxy-5-[(Z)-[(2-nitrophenyl)hydrazinylidene]methyl]phenol —— C14H12BrN3O4
    3-bromo-2-methoxy-5-[(Z)-[(2-nitrophenyl)hydrazinylidene]methyl]phenol
    —— 3,4,5-trihydroxy-N'-[(1Z)-1-(2-hydroxy-4-oxocyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene)ethyl]benzohydrazide —— C15H14N2O6
    3,4,5-trihydroxy-N'-[(1Z)-1-(2-hydroxy-4-oxocyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene)ethyl]benzohydrazide
    —— 4-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)butan-2-one;4-methylphenol —— C17H20O3
    4-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)butan-2-one;4-methylphenol
    —— (4Z)-2-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-4-[(2-hydroxy-4-nitroanilino)methylidene]-5-methylpyrazol-3-one —— C19H18N4O4
    (4Z)-2-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-4-[(2-hydroxy-4-nitroanilino)methylidene]-5-methylpyrazol-3-one
    —— 3-Butyl-5-(2-hydroxy-benzylidene)-2-thioxo-thiazolidin-4-one —— C14H15NO2S2
    3-Butyl-5-(2-hydroxy-benzylidene)-2-thioxo-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— Ethane;phenol;2,2,3-trimethyloctane —— C19H36O
    Ethane;phenol;2,2,3-trimethyloctane
    —— 4-Octylphenol;propane —— C48H82O3
    4-Octylphenol;propane
    —— 4-Amino-5-[2-(5-chloro-2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-1,2-oxazole-3-carboxamide —— C12H12ClN3O4
    4-Amino-5-[2-(5-chloro-2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-1,2-oxazole-3-carboxamide
    —— 9-(5-Bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)-5,13-dioxa-2-azatricyclo[8.4.0.03,8]tetradeca-1,3(8)-diene-7,11-dione —— C17H14BrNO5
    9-(5-Bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)-5,13-dioxa-2-azatricyclo[8.4.0.03,8]tetradeca-1,3(8)-diene-7,11-dione
    —— Ethane;ethanol;phenol;propane —— C13H26O2
    Ethane;ethanol;phenol;propane
    —— (5E)-5-(3-bromo-5-chloro-4-hydroxybenzylidene)-3-(4-fluorobenzyl)-1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione —— C17H10BrClFNO3S
    (5E)-5-(3-bromo-5-chloro-4-hydroxybenzylidene)-3-(4-fluorobenzyl)-1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione
    —— 3-Amino-4-(2,6-dihydroxy-4-methylphenyl)-4,4-dihydroxybutan-2-one —— C11H15NO5
    3-Amino-4-(2,6-dihydroxy-4-methylphenyl)-4,4-dihydroxybutan-2-one
    —— benzene;ethane;pentane;phenol;propane —— C71H120O4
    benzene;ethane;pentane;phenol;propane
    —— Azetidin-1-yl-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-prop-2-enylphenyl)methanone —— C14H17NO3
    Azetidin-1-yl-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-prop-2-enylphenyl)methanone
    —— (4-Ethyl-2-hydroxyphenyl)methanediol —— C9H12O3
    (4-Ethyl-2-hydroxyphenyl)methanediol
    —— 1-(2-Hydroxy-5-phenylmethoxyphenyl)-3-methyl-13-phenylmethoxytrideca-2,4-dien-1-one —— C34H40O4
    1-(2-Hydroxy-5-phenylmethoxyphenyl)-3-methyl-13-phenylmethoxytrideca-2,4-dien-1-one
    —— 5-(1-Amino-3-methylbutyl)-2,4,6-trihydroxybenzene-1,3-dicarbaldehyde —— C13H17NO5
    5-(1-Amino-3-methylbutyl)-2,4,6-trihydroxybenzene-1,3-dicarbaldehyde
    —— 2-Methyl-5-(1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)phenol —— C9H8N2O2
    2-Methyl-5-(1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)phenol
    —— 4-[1-Di(propan-2-yloxy)phosphoryl-2-pyridin-3-yliminoethyl]-2,6-dimethoxyphenol —— C21H29N2O6P
    4-[1-Di(propan-2-yloxy)phosphoryl-2-pyridin-3-yliminoethyl]-2,6-dimethoxyphenol
    —— 4-methyl-3-[4-[(2,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)methyldiazenyl]phenyl]-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyridazin-6-one —— C18H18N4O4
    4-methyl-3-[4-[(2,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)methyldiazenyl]phenyl]-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyridazin-6-one
    —— 3-[(Z)-[(4-amino-5-methyl-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)hydrazinylidene]methyl]phenol —— C10H12N6O
    3-[(Z)-[(4-amino-5-methyl-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)hydrazinylidene]methyl]phenol
    —— 4-(3-Hydroxypent-1-enyl)-2-methoxyphenol —— C12H16O3
    4-(3-Hydroxypent-1-enyl)-2-methoxyphenol
    —— ethane;2-methyl-1H-imidazole;phenol —— C14H24N2O
    ethane;2-methyl-1H-imidazole;phenol
    —— 2-Amino-3-methylphenol;2-(2-hydroxy-6-methylanilino)-4-methylpentanenitrile —— C20H27N3O2
    2-Amino-3-methylphenol;2-(2-hydroxy-6-methylanilino)-4-methylpentanenitrile
    —— 5-Nitro-2-(pyridin-2-ylamino)phenol —— C11H9N3O3
    5-Nitro-2-(pyridin-2-ylamino)phenol
    —— 5-[[[4-(3-chloro-4-hydroxyanilino)-6-(cyclohexylmethylamino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]amino]methyl]-4-hydroxy-3H-1,3-thiazol-2-one —— C20H24ClN7O3S
    5-[[[4-(3-chloro-4-hydroxyanilino)-6-(cyclohexylmethylamino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]amino]methyl]-4-hydroxy-3H-1,3-thiazol-2-one
    —— 4-[2-[(2,6-Dimethylpyridin-3-yl)amino]-1-(1-methyl-2-oxo-1,2lambda5-azaphosphinan-2-yl)ethyl]-2-methoxyphenol —— C21H30N3O3P
    4-[2-[(2,6-Dimethylpyridin-3-yl)amino]-1-(1-methyl-2-oxo-1,2lambda5-azaphosphinan-2-yl)ethyl]-2-methoxyphenol
    —— (2E,5E)-5-(5-bromo-3-chloro-2-hydroxybenzylidene)-3-methyl-2-(methylimino)-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C12H10BrClN2O2S
    (2E,5E)-5-(5-bromo-3-chloro-2-hydroxybenzylidene)-3-methyl-2-(methylimino)-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 2-(Nitrosomethyl)-6-prop-2-enylphenol —— C10H11NO2
    2-(Nitrosomethyl)-6-prop-2-enylphenol
    —— 2,4,6-Trihydroxy-5-(3-methyl-1-nitrosobutyl)benzene-1,3-dicarbaldehyde —— C13H15NO6
    2,4,6-Trihydroxy-5-(3-methyl-1-nitrosobutyl)benzene-1,3-dicarbaldehyde
    —— (3Z)-2-amino-4-(5-bromo-2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)but-3-ene-1,1,3-tricarbonitrile —— C14H11BrN4O2
    (3Z)-2-amino-4-(5-bromo-2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)but-3-ene-1,1,3-tricarbonitrile
    —— 2-[3-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-2,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazol-5-yl]acetic acid —— C11H11NO4
    2-[3-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-2,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazol-5-yl]acetic acid
    —— 4-[3-(furan-3-yl)-2-(1H-pyrrol-2-yl)propyl]phenol —— C17H17NO2
    4-[3-(furan-3-yl)-2-(1H-pyrrol-2-yl)propyl]phenol
    —— 6-(2-Ethoxyphenyl)-4-[(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)methyldiazenyl]thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidine-7-carbonitrile —— C24H21N5O4S
    6-(2-Ethoxyphenyl)-4-[(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)methyldiazenyl]thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidine-7-carbonitrile
    —— N-[4-[4-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methyldiazenyl]-7-methylthieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-6-yl]phenyl]acetamide —— C23H21N5O3S
    N-[4-[4-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methyldiazenyl]-7-methylthieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-6-yl]phenyl]acetamide
    —— 4-(2-Hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)-4-oxo-but-2-enoic acid (cyclohexylcarbamoyl-pyridin-4-yl-methyl)-(2-methoxy-benzyl)-amide —— C32H35N3O6
    4-(2-Hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)-4-oxo-but-2-enoic acid (cyclohexylcarbamoyl-pyridin-4-yl-methyl)-(2-methoxy-benzyl)-amide
    —— (E)-N-benzyl-N-[2-(cyclohexylamino)-2-oxoethyl]-4-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxobut-2-enamide —— C26H30N2O5
    (E)-N-benzyl-N-[2-(cyclohexylamino)-2-oxoethyl]-4-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxobut-2-enamide
    —— (E)-N-[2-(cyclohexylamino)-2-oxoethyl]-4-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-N-[2-(3-methylphenyl)ethyl]-4-oxobut-2-enamide —— C28H34N2O5
    (E)-N-[2-(cyclohexylamino)-2-oxoethyl]-4-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-N-[2-(3-methylphenyl)ethyl]-4-oxobut-2-enamide