摩熵化学
数据库官网
小程序
打开微信扫一扫
首页 分子通 化学资讯 化学百科 反应查询 关于我们
请输入关键词
历史搜索
    热门化合物HOT
    • 喹啉
    • 水杨醛
    • 二溴甲烷
    • 谷胱甘肽
    • L-乳酸
    • 苯巴比妥
    • 辣椒碱
    • 非那明
    • 百草枯
    • 联苯烯
    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (2R)-2-[2-(diethylamino)ethylamino]-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetonitrile —— C14H21N3O2
    (2R)-2-[2-(diethylamino)ethylamino]-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetonitrile
    —— (2R)-2-[2-(diethylamino)ethylamino]-2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)acetonitrile —— C14H21N3O
    (2R)-2-[2-(diethylamino)ethylamino]-2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)acetonitrile
    —— (2S)-2-(1,4-diazepan-1-yl)-2-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)acetonitrile —— C15H21N3O
    (2S)-2-(1,4-diazepan-1-yl)-2-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)acetonitrile
    —— (2R)-2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-2-(thiophen-2-ylmethylamino)acetonitrile —— C13H12N2OS
    (2R)-2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-2-(thiophen-2-ylmethylamino)acetonitrile
    —— (2S)-2-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)-2-(thiophen-2-ylmethylamino)acetonitrile —— C15H16N2OS
    (2S)-2-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)-2-(thiophen-2-ylmethylamino)acetonitrile
    —— (2S)-2-[2-(dimethylamino)ethylamino]-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-methylbutanenitrile —— C15H23N3O
    (2S)-2-[2-(dimethylamino)ethylamino]-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-methylbutanenitrile
    —— (2S)-2-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)-2-[[(2R)-oxolan-2-yl]methylamino]acetonitrile —— C15H20N2O2
    (2S)-2-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)-2-[[(2R)-oxolan-2-yl]methylamino]acetonitrile
    —— (2R)-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-[[(2R)-oxolan-2-yl]methylamino]acetonitrile —— C14H18N2O3
    (2R)-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-[[(2R)-oxolan-2-yl]methylamino]acetonitrile
    —— (2S)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-(thiophen-2-ylmethylamino)acetonitrile —— C13H12N2O2S
    (2S)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-(thiophen-2-ylmethylamino)acetonitrile
    —— (2S)-2-(1,4-diazepan-1-yl)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetonitrile —— C13H17N3O2
    (2S)-2-(1,4-diazepan-1-yl)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetonitrile
    —— (2R)-2-(1,4-diazepan-1-yl)-2-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)acetonitrile —— C15H21N3O
    (2R)-2-(1,4-diazepan-1-yl)-2-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)acetonitrile
    —— (2S)-2-[2-(dimethylamino)ethylamino]-2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)acetonitrile —— C13H19N3O2
    (2S)-2-[2-(dimethylamino)ethylamino]-2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)acetonitrile
    —— (2S)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-[2-(dimethylamino)ethylamino]acetonitrile —— C12H17N3O2
    (2S)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-[2-(dimethylamino)ethylamino]acetonitrile
    —— (2S)-2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-2-[[(2R)-oxolan-2-yl]methylamino]acetonitrile —— C13H16N2O2
    (2S)-2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-2-[[(2R)-oxolan-2-yl]methylamino]acetonitrile
    —— (2R)-2-[2-(dimethylamino)ethylamino]-2-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)acetonitrile —— C14H21N3O
    (2R)-2-[2-(dimethylamino)ethylamino]-2-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)acetonitrile
    —— (2R)-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-(2-methylpropylamino)acetonitrile —— C13H18N2O2
    (2R)-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-(2-methylpropylamino)acetonitrile
    —— (2R)-2-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)-2-(thiophen-2-ylmethylamino)acetonitrile —— C15H16N2OS
    (2R)-2-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)-2-(thiophen-2-ylmethylamino)acetonitrile
    —— (2R)-2-[2-(dimethylamino)ethylamino]-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-methylbutanenitrile —— C15H23N3O
    (2R)-2-[2-(dimethylamino)ethylamino]-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-methylbutanenitrile
    —— (2R)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-[[(2R)-oxolan-2-yl]methylamino]acetonitrile —— C13H16N2O2
    (2R)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-[[(2R)-oxolan-2-yl]methylamino]acetonitrile
    —— (2S)-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-(thiophen-2-ylmethylamino)acetonitrile —— C14H14N2O2S
    (2S)-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-(thiophen-2-ylmethylamino)acetonitrile
    —— (2R)-2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-2-(thiophen-2-ylmethylamino)acetonitrile —— C14H14N2O2S
    (2R)-2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-2-(thiophen-2-ylmethylamino)acetonitrile
    —— (2R)-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-methyl-2-(2-methylpropylamino)butanenitrile —— C15H22N2O
    (2R)-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-methyl-2-(2-methylpropylamino)butanenitrile
    —— (2S)-2-(2-bromoanilino)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetonitrile —— C14H11BrN2O2
    (2S)-2-(2-bromoanilino)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetonitrile
    —— (2R)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-(2-methylanilino)acetonitrile —— C15H14N2O2
    (2R)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-(2-methylanilino)acetonitrile
    —— (2R)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-(2-methylpropylamino)acetonitrile —— C12H16N2O2
    (2R)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-(2-methylpropylamino)acetonitrile
    —— (2R)-2-(3-bromoanilino)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetonitrile —— C14H11BrN2O2
    (2R)-2-(3-bromoanilino)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetonitrile
    —— (2S)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-(4-fluoroanilino)acetonitrile —— C14H11FN2O2
    (2S)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-(4-fluoroanilino)acetonitrile
    —— (2R)-2-anilino-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetonitrile —— C14H12N2O2
    (2R)-2-anilino-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetonitrile
    —— (2R)-2-(4-bromoanilino)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetonitrile —— C14H11BrN2O2
    (2R)-2-(4-bromoanilino)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetonitrile
    —— (2S)-2-anilino-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)acetonitrile —— C15H14N2O2
    (2S)-2-anilino-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)acetonitrile
    —— 4-methyl-2-[(1R)-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-ylmethylamino)ethyl]phenol —— C12H16N4O
    4-methyl-2-[(1R)-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-ylmethylamino)ethyl]phenol
    —— 4-methoxy-2-[(1S)-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-ylmethylamino)ethyl]phenol —— C12H16N4O2
    4-methoxy-2-[(1S)-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-ylmethylamino)ethyl]phenol
    —— 2-[(1R)-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-ylmethylamino)ethyl]benzene-1,4-diol —— C11H14N4O2
    2-[(1R)-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-ylmethylamino)ethyl]benzene-1,4-diol
    —— Prop-2-EN-1-YL 3,6-dihydroxy-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-6-methyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-indazole-5-carboxylate —— C19H22N2O6
    Prop-2-EN-1-YL 3,6-dihydroxy-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-6-methyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-indazole-5-carboxylate
    —— benzyl 3,6-dihydroxy-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-6-methyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-indazole-5-carboxylate —— C23H24N2O6
    benzyl 3,6-dihydroxy-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-6-methyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-indazole-5-carboxylate
    —— 4-[(1S)-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-ylmethylamino)ethyl]benzene-1,3-diol —— C11H14N4O2
    4-[(1S)-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-ylmethylamino)ethyl]benzene-1,3-diol
    —— 4-[(3S)-3-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-ylmethylamino)butyl]phenol —— C13H18N4O
    4-[(3S)-3-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-ylmethylamino)butyl]phenol
    —— 3-[(1S)-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-ylmethylamino)ethyl]phenol —— C11H14N4O
    3-[(1S)-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-ylmethylamino)ethyl]phenol
    —— 2-methoxy-4-[(1R)-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-ylmethylamino)ethyl]phenol —— C12H16N4O2
    2-methoxy-4-[(1R)-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-ylmethylamino)ethyl]phenol
    —— 5-methyl-2-[(1S)-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-ylmethylamino)ethyl]phenol —— C12H16N4O
    5-methyl-2-[(1S)-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-ylmethylamino)ethyl]phenol
    —— 4-methoxy-2-[(1R)-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-ylmethylamino)ethyl]phenol —— C12H16N4O2
    4-methoxy-2-[(1R)-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-ylmethylamino)ethyl]phenol
    —— (5R,6R)-5-Benzyl-6-hydroxy-2,4-bis-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzyl)-1-(3-pyridin-3-yl-propionyl)-[1,2,4]triazepan-3-one —— C35H38N4O7
    (5R,6R)-5-Benzyl-6-hydroxy-2,4-bis-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzyl)-1-(3-pyridin-3-yl-propionyl)-[1,2,4]triazepan-3-one
    —— (5R,6R)-5-Benzyl-6-hydroxy-2,4-bis-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzyl)-1-(3-methyl-butyryl)-[1,2,4]triazepan-3-one —— C32H39N3O7
    (5R,6R)-5-Benzyl-6-hydroxy-2,4-bis-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzyl)-1-(3-methyl-butyryl)-[1,2,4]triazepan-3-one
    —— (5R,6R)-5-Benzyl-6-hydroxy-2,4-bis-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzyl)-1-(4-tetrahydro-furan-2-yl-butyryl)-[1,2,4]triazepan-3-one —— C35H43N3O8
    (5R,6R)-5-Benzyl-6-hydroxy-2,4-bis-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzyl)-1-(4-tetrahydro-furan-2-yl-butyryl)-[1,2,4]triazepan-3-one
    —— (5R,6R)-5-Benzyl-6-hydroxy-2,4-bis-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzyl)-1-(4-morpholin-4-yl-butyryl)-[1,2,4]triazepan-3-one —— C35H44N4O8
    (5R,6R)-5-Benzyl-6-hydroxy-2,4-bis-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzyl)-1-(4-morpholin-4-yl-butyryl)-[1,2,4]triazepan-3-one
    —— (5R,6R)-5-Benzyl-6-hydroxy-2,4-bis-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzyl)-1-(2-phenoxy-acetyl)-[1,2,4]triazepan-3-one —— C35H37N3O8
    (5R,6R)-5-Benzyl-6-hydroxy-2,4-bis-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzyl)-1-(2-phenoxy-acetyl)-[1,2,4]triazepan-3-one
    —— (5R,6R)-5-Benzyl-6-hydroxy-2,4-bis-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzyl)-1-(3-pyridin-4-yl-propionyl)-[1,2,4]triazepan-3-one —— C35H38N4O7
    (5R,6R)-5-Benzyl-6-hydroxy-2,4-bis-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzyl)-1-(3-pyridin-4-yl-propionyl)-[1,2,4]triazepan-3-one
    —— (5R,6R)-5-Benzyl-1-[3-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-propionyl]-6-hydroxy-2,4-bis-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzyl)-[1,2,4]triazepan-3-one —— C36H38FN3O7
    (5R,6R)-5-Benzyl-1-[3-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-propionyl]-6-hydroxy-2,4-bis-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzyl)-[1,2,4]triazepan-3-one
    —— (5R,6R)-5-Benzyl-1-(2-cyclopentyl-acetyl)-6-hydroxy-2,4-bis-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzyl)-[1,2,4]triazepan-3-one —— C34H41N3O7
    (5R,6R)-5-Benzyl-1-(2-cyclopentyl-acetyl)-6-hydroxy-2,4-bis-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzyl)-[1,2,4]triazepan-3-one
    —— (5R,6R)-5-Benzyl-6-hydroxy-2,4-bis-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzyl)-1-(2-pyrrolidin-1-yl-acetyl)-[1,2,4]triazepan-3-one —— C33H40N4O7
    (5R,6R)-5-Benzyl-6-hydroxy-2,4-bis-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzyl)-1-(2-pyrrolidin-1-yl-acetyl)-[1,2,4]triazepan-3-one