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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 3-[(3R)-4-methyl-3,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-3-yl]benzene-1,2-diol —— C12H14O3
    3-[(3R)-4-methyl-3,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-3-yl]benzene-1,2-diol
    —— 5-[(1R)-2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl]-3-ethoxybenzene-1,2-diol —— C10H15NO4
    5-[(1R)-2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl]-3-ethoxybenzene-1,2-diol
    —— (7S)-7-[(propan-2-ylamino)methyl]bicyclo[4.2.0]octa-1,3,5-triene-3,4-diol —— C12H17NO2
    (7S)-7-[(propan-2-ylamino)methyl]bicyclo[4.2.0]octa-1,3,5-triene-3,4-diol
    —— (2S)-2-amino-2-(3-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)acetic acid —— C9H11NO4
    (2S)-2-amino-2-(3-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)acetic acid
    —— 5-(2-Hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-3-(3-methylphenyl)-2-[(3-methylphenyl)imino]-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C25H22N2O3S
    5-(2-Hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-3-(3-methylphenyl)-2-[(3-methylphenyl)imino]-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— (5Z)-5-[(3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-[(4-fluorophenyl)methyl]-1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione —— C17H11ClFNO3S
    (5Z)-5-[(3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-[(4-fluorophenyl)methyl]-1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione
    —— (2Z,5Z)-5-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-3-(2-methoxyethyl)-2-(phenylimino)-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C20H20N2O4S
    (2Z,5Z)-5-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-3-(2-methoxyethyl)-2-(phenylimino)-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— (5Z)-5-[(3-bromo-2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-(3,4-dimethylphenyl)-2-(3,4-dimethylphenyl)imino-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C27H25BrN2O3S
    (5Z)-5-[(3-bromo-2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-(3,4-dimethylphenyl)-2-(3,4-dimethylphenyl)imino-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— (2Z,5Z)-5-(3-bromo-4-hydroxybenzylidene)-3-(2-methoxyethyl)-2-(phenylimino)-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C19H17BrN2O3S
    (2Z,5Z)-5-(3-bromo-4-hydroxybenzylidene)-3-(2-methoxyethyl)-2-(phenylimino)-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— (2S)-2-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)propanenitrile —— C9H9NO2
    (2S)-2-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)propanenitrile
    —— (4E)-4-{[5-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)furan-2-yl]methylidene}-2-phenyl-1,3-oxazol-5(4H)-one —— C20H12N2O6
    (4E)-4-{[5-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)furan-2-yl]methylidene}-2-phenyl-1,3-oxazol-5(4H)-one
    —— (2Z,5Z)-5-(5-chloro-2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-3-(propan-2-yl)-2-(propan-2-ylimino)-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C17H21ClN2O3S
    (2Z,5Z)-5-(5-chloro-2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-3-(propan-2-yl)-2-(propan-2-ylimino)-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— (r)-2-Fluoro-6-(1-hydroxyethyl)phenol —— C8H9FO2
    (r)-2-Fluoro-6-(1-hydroxyethyl)phenol
    —— 5-Amino-7-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-[(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)methylene]-3-oxo-4,7-d ihydro-1,3-thiazolidino[3,2-a]pyridine-6,8-dicarbonitrile —— C22H14N4O5S
    5-Amino-7-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-[(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)methylene]-3-oxo-4,7-d ihydro-1,3-thiazolidino[3,2-a]pyridine-6,8-dicarbonitrile
    —— (7S)-4-hydroxybicyclo[4.2.0]octa-1(6),2,4-triene-7-carbonitrile —— C9H7NO
    (7S)-4-hydroxybicyclo[4.2.0]octa-1(6),2,4-triene-7-carbonitrile
    —— (7R)-5-hydroxybicyclo[4.2.0]octa-1(6),2,4-triene-7-carbonitrile —— C9H7NO
    (7R)-5-hydroxybicyclo[4.2.0]octa-1(6),2,4-triene-7-carbonitrile
    —— (7R)-4-hydroxybicyclo[4.2.0]octa-1(6),2,4-triene-7-carbonitrile —— C9H7NO
    (7R)-4-hydroxybicyclo[4.2.0]octa-1(6),2,4-triene-7-carbonitrile
    —— 3-[(1R)-1-hydroxybut-3-enyl]phenol —— C10H12O2
    3-[(1R)-1-hydroxybut-3-enyl]phenol
    —— (5Z)-5-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-3-(4-methylphenyl)-2-thioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C18H15NO3S2
    (5Z)-5-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-3-(4-methylphenyl)-2-thioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— (5Z)-2-(3-chloro-4-methylphenyl)imino-5-[(2,3-dibromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C18H13Br2ClN2O3S
    (5Z)-2-(3-chloro-4-methylphenyl)imino-5-[(2,3-dibromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— (6E)-6-[(2-hydroxy-4-nitroanilino)methylidene]-3-nitrocyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one —— C13H9N3O6
    (6E)-6-[(2-hydroxy-4-nitroanilino)methylidene]-3-nitrocyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one
    —— (5Z)-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-3-(4-nitrophenyl)-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C16H9N3O6S2
    (5Z)-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-3-(4-nitrophenyl)-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— (5Z)-2-(3-chloro-2-methylphenyl)imino-5-[(3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C17H11Br2ClN2O2S
    (5Z)-2-(3-chloro-2-methylphenyl)imino-5-[(3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 2-hydroxy-N-[(5Z)-5-[(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-4-oxo-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]benzamide —— C17H11N3O6S2
    2-hydroxy-N-[(5Z)-5-[(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-4-oxo-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]benzamide
    —— ethyl (2S)-2-(5-fluoro-2-hydroxyphenyl)-2-hydroxyacetate —— C10H11FO4
    ethyl (2S)-2-(5-fluoro-2-hydroxyphenyl)-2-hydroxyacetate
    —— 3-[(1S)-1-hydroxybut-3-enyl]phenol —— C10H12O2
    3-[(1S)-1-hydroxybut-3-enyl]phenol
    —— (2E,5Z)-2-[(5-acetyl-4-methyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)hydrazinylidene]-5-[(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one;hydrochloride —— C17H17ClN4O4S2
    (2E,5Z)-2-[(5-acetyl-4-methyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)hydrazinylidene]-5-[(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one;hydrochloride
    —— (5Z)-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-(1-phenylethyl)-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C19H17NO3S2
    (5Z)-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-(1-phenylethyl)-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 5-[(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylene]-3-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-2-thioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C20H19NO4S2
    5-[(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylene]-3-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-2-thioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— dimethyl 5-amino-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-7-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyridine-6,8-dicarboxylate —— C26H24N2O9S
    dimethyl 5-amino-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-7-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyridine-6,8-dicarboxylate
    —— (6Z)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-6-[(2-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-[1,3]thiazolo[2,3-b][1,3]thiazol-4-ium-5-one;chloride —— C19H14ClNO4S2
    (6Z)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-6-[(2-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-[1,3]thiazolo[2,3-b][1,3]thiazol-4-ium-5-one;chloride
    —— 2-hydroxy-N'-[(E)-(2-hydroxy-4-oxocyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene)methyl]-5-nitrobenzohydrazide —— C14H11N3O6
    2-hydroxy-N'-[(E)-(2-hydroxy-4-oxocyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene)methyl]-5-nitrobenzohydrazide
    —— N-[(5Z)-5-[(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-4-oxo-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]benzamide —— C17H11N3O5S2
    N-[(5Z)-5-[(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-4-oxo-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]benzamide
    —— (2Z)-5-amino-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-7-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyridine-6,8-dicarbonitrile —— C24H18N4O5S
    (2Z)-5-amino-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-7-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyridine-6,8-dicarbonitrile
    —— 2-[(5Z)-5-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-4-oxo-2-thioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]butanoic acid —— C15H15NO5S2
    2-[(5Z)-5-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-4-oxo-2-thioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]butanoic acid
    —— (5Z)-2-(2,6-dimethylmorpholin-4-yl)-5-(2-hydroxybenzylidene)-1,3-thiazol-4(5H)-one —— C16H18N2O3S
    (5Z)-2-(2,6-dimethylmorpholin-4-yl)-5-(2-hydroxybenzylidene)-1,3-thiazol-4(5H)-one
    —— (5Z)-3-[3,5-dichloro-4-[(4Z)-4-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-5-oxo-2-phenylimidazol-1-yl]phenyl]-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-phenylimidazol-4-one —— C40H28Cl2N4O6
    (5Z)-3-[3,5-dichloro-4-[(4Z)-4-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-5-oxo-2-phenylimidazol-1-yl]phenyl]-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-phenylimidazol-4-one
    —— N'-[(E)-(3-ethoxy-4-oxocyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene)methyl]-3,4,5-trihydroxybenzohydrazide —— C16H16N2O6
    N'-[(E)-(3-ethoxy-4-oxocyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene)methyl]-3,4,5-trihydroxybenzohydrazide
    —— (5Z)-5-[(5-bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-phenyl-2-phenylimino-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C22H15BrN2O2S
    (5Z)-5-[(5-bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-phenyl-2-phenylimino-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-3-[(E)-heptadec-10-enyl]-5-methoxybenzene-1,4-diol;hydrochloride —— C27H48ClNO3
    2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-3-[(E)-heptadec-10-enyl]-5-methoxybenzene-1,4-diol;hydrochloride
    —— 2-[(5Z)-5-[(3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-4-oxo-1,3-thiazolidin-2-ylidene]propanedinitrile —— C22H16BrN3O3S
    2-[(5Z)-5-[(3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-4-oxo-1,3-thiazolidin-2-ylidene]propanedinitrile
    —— 3,4,5-trihydroxy-N'-[(1E)-1-(6-oxocyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-ylidene)propyl]benzohydrazide —— C16H16N2O5
    3,4,5-trihydroxy-N'-[(1E)-1-(6-oxocyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-ylidene)propyl]benzohydrazide
    —— (2Z,5Z)-5-(3-chloro-4-hydroxybenzylidene)-3-phenyl-2-(phenylimino)-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C22H15ClN2O2S
    (2Z,5Z)-5-(3-chloro-4-hydroxybenzylidene)-3-phenyl-2-(phenylimino)-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— (2Z,5Z)-5-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzylidene)-3-(2-methoxyethyl)-2-(phenylimino)-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C20H20N2O4S
    (2Z,5Z)-5-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzylidene)-3-(2-methoxyethyl)-2-(phenylimino)-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— N-[(5Z)-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-4-oxo-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]benzamide —— C17H11N3O5S2
    N-[(5Z)-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-4-oxo-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]benzamide
    —— 5-(2,3-Dibromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzylidene)-3-(2-methoxyethyl)-2-(phenylimino)-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C20H18Br2N2O4S
    5-(2,3-Dibromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzylidene)-3-(2-methoxyethyl)-2-(phenylimino)-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— (4E)-4-[(5Z)-5-(anilinomethylidene)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-4-nitrofuran-2-ylidene]-2-methoxycyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one —— C25H20N2O7
    (4E)-4-[(5Z)-5-(anilinomethylidene)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-4-nitrofuran-2-ylidene]-2-methoxycyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one
    —— (5Z)-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-3-[(4-nitrophenyl)methyl]-1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione —— C17H11N3O7S
    (5Z)-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-3-[(4-nitrophenyl)methyl]-1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione
    —— (E)-but-2-enedioic acid;2-[4-[2-hydroxy-3-(propan-2-ylamino)propoxy]phenyl]ethyl 3-[4-(1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)phenyl]propanoate —— C30H35F6NO9
    (E)-but-2-enedioic acid;2-[4-[2-hydroxy-3-(propan-2-ylamino)propoxy]phenyl]ethyl 3-[4-(1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)phenyl]propanoate
    —— (5Z)-5-[(4-Hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-3-(prop-2-EN-1-YL)-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C13H10N2O4S2
    (5Z)-5-[(4-Hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-3-(prop-2-EN-1-YL)-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one