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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 4-ethoxy-N'-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzylidene)benzohydrazide —— C17H18N2O4
    4-ethoxy-N'-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzylidene)benzohydrazide
    —— 3-Cyano-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2-carboxylic acid —— C15H13NO3
    3-Cyano-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2-carboxylic acid
    —— 4-[3-Hydroxy-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)propoxy]phenol —— C16H18O4
    4-[3-Hydroxy-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)propoxy]phenol
    —— (E)-4-Hydroxy-N'-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzylidene)benzohydrazide —— C15H14N2O4
    (E)-4-Hydroxy-N'-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzylidene)benzohydrazide
    —— (5E)-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-(hydroxymethyl)-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C12H11NO4S2
    (5E)-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-(hydroxymethyl)-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— (5E)-3-butyl-5-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C14H15NO2S2
    (5E)-3-butyl-5-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— (3E)-3-[7-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)-1,4-thiazepan-5-ylidene]-6-methylpyran-2,4-dione —— C17H16N2O6S
    (3E)-3-[7-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)-1,4-thiazepan-5-ylidene]-6-methylpyran-2,4-dione
    —— But-1-ene;ethane;phenol;propane —— C27H48O2
    But-1-ene;ethane;phenol;propane
    —— (3E)-3-[7-(4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)-1,4-thiazepan-5-ylidene]-6-methylpyran-2,4-dione —— C17H16N2O6S
    (3E)-3-[7-(4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)-1,4-thiazepan-5-ylidene]-6-methylpyran-2,4-dione
    —— N-[6-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-1,4-dihydro-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]-2-methylpropanamide —— C13H16N4O2
    N-[6-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-1,4-dihydro-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]-2-methylpropanamide
    —— 3-[(4-Cyclopentylimino-3-nitro-2,3-dihydropyran-6-yl)diazenyl]phenol —— C16H18N4O4
    3-[(4-Cyclopentylimino-3-nitro-2,3-dihydropyran-6-yl)diazenyl]phenol
    —— 2-Ethylthiophene;phenol;propane —— C15H22OS
    2-Ethylthiophene;phenol;propane
    —— (5E)-5-[(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-(2-phenylethyl)-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C19H17NO3S2
    (5E)-5-[(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-(2-phenylethyl)-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 4-Hydroxy-2-[(2-hydroxy-3-methylphenoxy)methyl]-3-methoxybenzaldehyde —— C16H16O5
    4-Hydroxy-2-[(2-hydroxy-3-methylphenoxy)methyl]-3-methoxybenzaldehyde
    —— 1,3-bis[(Z)-(3-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]urea —— C15H14N4O3
    1,3-bis[(Z)-(3-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]urea
    —— 3-hydroxy-mandelamidine 106037-39-2 C8H10N2O2
    3-hydroxy-mandelamidine
    —— 1-(1,3-Dioxolan-4-ylidene)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)urea —— C10H9N3O6
    1-(1,3-Dioxolan-4-ylidene)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)urea
    —— 4-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-2,3,6-trimethylphenol —— C11H16O2
    4-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-2,3,6-trimethylphenol
    —— (1S,2S,3R,6R,9R,10R,11S,12S)-9-hydroxy-2-[5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pentyl]tetracyclo[8.2.1.03,12.06,11]trideca-4,7-diene-7-carboxylic acid —— C25H30O4
    (1S,2S,3R,6R,9R,10R,11S,12S)-9-hydroxy-2-[5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pentyl]tetracyclo[8.2.1.03,12.06,11]trideca-4,7-diene-7-carboxylic acid
    —— (1S,2S,3R,6R,9S,10R,11S,12S)-2-[3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propyl]-9-hydroxytetracyclo[8.2.1.03,12.06,11]trideca-4,7-diene-7-carboxylic acid —— C23H26O5
    (1S,2S,3R,6R,9S,10R,11S,12S)-2-[3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propyl]-9-hydroxytetracyclo[8.2.1.03,12.06,11]trideca-4,7-diene-7-carboxylic acid
    —— 3-t-Butylamino-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-propanol 108930-05-8 C13H21NO3
    3-t-Butylamino-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-propanol
    —— 4-Amino-5-[1-(aminomethyl)cyclopentyl]benzene-1,2-diol;hydrobromide —— C12H19BrN2O2
    4-Amino-5-[1-(aminomethyl)cyclopentyl]benzene-1,2-diol;hydrobromide
    —— 4-Amino-5-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]benzene-1,2-diol;dihydrobromide —— C10H18Br2N2O2
    4-Amino-5-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]benzene-1,2-diol;dihydrobromide
    —— 2-(2-Amino-4,5-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl-trimethylazanium;bromide;hydrobromide —— C11H20Br2N2O2
    2-(2-Amino-4,5-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl-trimethylazanium;bromide;hydrobromide
    —— 3-[1-Hydroxy-2-(propan-2-ylamino)ethyl]benzene-1,2-diol;hydrobromide —— C11H18BrNO3
    3-[1-Hydroxy-2-(propan-2-ylamino)ethyl]benzene-1,2-diol;hydrobromide
    —— 4-(2-Aminoethyl)-5-sulfanylbenzene-1,2-diol;hydrochloride —— C8H12ClNO2S
    4-(2-Aminoethyl)-5-sulfanylbenzene-1,2-diol;hydrochloride
    —— 4-[(1-methyl-4-phenyl-3,6-dihydro-2H-pyridin-6-yl)methyl]phenol —— C19H21NO
    4-[(1-methyl-4-phenyl-3,6-dihydro-2H-pyridin-6-yl)methyl]phenol
    —— 5-[(2Z)-2-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]hydrazinyl]-6-methyl-2H-1,2,4-triazin-3-one —— C12H13N5O3
    5-[(2Z)-2-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]hydrazinyl]-6-methyl-2H-1,2,4-triazin-3-one
    —— 4-(3-ethyl-1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,5,6-tetrahydro-pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-phenol 70256-25-6 C21H25NO
    4-(3-ethyl-1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,5,6-tetrahydro-pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-phenol
    —— 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-hydroxyacetonitrile —— C8H7NO3
    2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-hydroxyacetonitrile
    —— 4-[2-[2-Cyclohexylethyl(propyl)amino]ethyl]benzene-1,2-diol —— C19H31NO2
    4-[2-[2-Cyclohexylethyl(propyl)amino]ethyl]benzene-1,2-diol
    —— 4-[(1R)-2-(tert-butylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl]benzene-1,2-diol;hydrochloride —— C12H20ClNO3
    4-[(1R)-2-(tert-butylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl]benzene-1,2-diol;hydrochloride
    —— [amino-[3-(dimethylamino)phenyl]methylidene]azanium;2,4,6-trinitrophenol —— C15H17N6O7+
    [amino-[3-(dimethylamino)phenyl]methylidene]azanium;2,4,6-trinitrophenol
    —— 4-[2-[Butyl(propyl)amino]ethyl]benzene-1,2-diol;hydroiodide —— C15H26INO2
    4-[2-[Butyl(propyl)amino]ethyl]benzene-1,2-diol;hydroiodide
    —— 4-[2-[Ethyl(propyl)amino]ethyl]benzene-1,2-diol;hydrochloride —— C13H22ClNO2
    4-[2-[Ethyl(propyl)amino]ethyl]benzene-1,2-diol;hydrochloride
    —— 4-[2-[Butyl(ethyl)amino]ethyl]benzene-1,2-diol;hydrochloride —— C14H24ClNO2
    4-[2-[Butyl(ethyl)amino]ethyl]benzene-1,2-diol;hydrochloride
    —— benzyl N'-[[(E)-(3-methoxy-4-oxocyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene)methyl]amino]carbamimidothioate;2,4,6-trinitrophenol —— C22H20N6O9S
    benzyl N'-[[(E)-(3-methoxy-4-oxocyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene)methyl]amino]carbamimidothioate;2,4,6-trinitrophenol
    —— 1-[(E)-(3-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-3-methylthiourea —— C9H11N3OS
    1-[(E)-(3-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-3-methylthiourea
    —— 5-[(Z)-[(4,5-diphenyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)hydrazinylidene]methyl]-2-methoxyphenol —— C23H19N3O2S
    5-[(Z)-[(4,5-diphenyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)hydrazinylidene]methyl]-2-methoxyphenol
    —— 4-[[[(1R,2R)-2-[(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)methylamino]cyclohexyl]amino]methyl]benzene-1,3-diol —— C20H26N2O4
    4-[[[(1R,2R)-2-[(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)methylamino]cyclohexyl]amino]methyl]benzene-1,3-diol
    —— 4-Cyano-5-propan-2-ylsulfanyl-3-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)thiophene-2-carboxylic acid —— C15H13NO5S2
    4-Cyano-5-propan-2-ylsulfanyl-3-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)thiophene-2-carboxylic acid
    —— (E,4Z)-2,3-dichloro-4-[3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoylhydrazinylidene]but-2-enoic acid —— C13H12Cl2N2O4
    (E,4Z)-2,3-dichloro-4-[3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoylhydrazinylidene]but-2-enoic acid
    —— N-[(Z)-[(Z)-2-bromo-3-phenylprop-2-enylidene]amino]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanamide —— C18H17BrN2O2
    N-[(Z)-[(Z)-2-bromo-3-phenylprop-2-enylidene]amino]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanamide
    —— (Z)-4-(5-(4-ethylbenzylidene)-4-oxo-2-thioxothiazolidin-3-yl)-N-(2-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)butanamide —— C22H21N3O5S2
    (Z)-4-(5-(4-ethylbenzylidene)-4-oxo-2-thioxothiazolidin-3-yl)-N-(2-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)butanamide
    —— 4-[(5Z)-5-(4-fluorobenzylidene)-4-oxo-2-thioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]-N-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)butanamide —— C20H16FN3O5S2
    4-[(5Z)-5-(4-fluorobenzylidene)-4-oxo-2-thioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]-N-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)butanamide
    —— 3-Thiazolidineacetamide, N-(2-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)-5-[(4-methylphenyl)methylene]-4-oxo-2-thioxo-, (5Z)- —— C19H15N3O5S2
    3-Thiazolidineacetamide, N-(2-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)-5-[(4-methylphenyl)methylene]-4-oxo-2-thioxo-, (5Z)-
    —— 3-Thiazolidineacetamide, N-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)-5-[(4-methylphenyl)methylene]-4-oxo-2-thioxo-, (5Z)- —— C19H15N3O5S2
    3-Thiazolidineacetamide, N-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)-5-[(4-methylphenyl)methylene]-4-oxo-2-thioxo-, (5Z)-
    —— N-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)-4-[(5Z)-4-oxo-2-sulfanylidene-5-(thiophen-2-ylmethylidene)-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]butanamide —— C18H15N3O5S3
    N-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)-4-[(5Z)-4-oxo-2-sulfanylidene-5-(thiophen-2-ylmethylidene)-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]butanamide
    —— 3-Thiazolidineacetamide, 5-[(2-chlorophenyl)methylene]-N-(2-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)-4-oxo-2-thioxo-, (5Z)- —— C18H12ClN3O5S2
    3-Thiazolidineacetamide, 5-[(2-chlorophenyl)methylene]-N-(2-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)-4-oxo-2-thioxo-, (5Z)-
    —— 3-Thiazolidineacetamide, 5-[(2-chlorophenyl)methylene]-N-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)-4-oxo-2-thioxo-, (5Z)- —— C18H12ClN3O5S2
    3-Thiazolidineacetamide, 5-[(2-chlorophenyl)methylene]-N-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)-4-oxo-2-thioxo-, (5Z)-