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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (5S)-5-[(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)methyl]oxolan-2-one —— C11H12O5
    (5S)-5-[(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)methyl]oxolan-2-one
    —— 2-[(1R)-1-hydroxyprop-2-enyl]phenol —— C9H10O2
    2-[(1R)-1-hydroxyprop-2-enyl]phenol
    —— 4-[(1R)-2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl]-2-bromophenol —— C8H10BrNO2
    4-[(1R)-2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl]-2-bromophenol
    —— 4-[(1R)-1-hydroxy-2-imidazol-1-ylethyl]phenol —— C11H12N2O2
    4-[(1R)-1-hydroxy-2-imidazol-1-ylethyl]phenol
    —— (Z)-3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-2-pyridin-2-ylprop-2-enenitrile —— C15H12N2O2
    (Z)-3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-2-pyridin-2-ylprop-2-enenitrile
    —— 4-amino-N-[(Z)-(2,4,6-tribromo-3-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-1,2,5-oxadiazole-3-carboxamide —— C10H6Br3N5O3
    4-amino-N-[(Z)-(2,4,6-tribromo-3-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-1,2,5-oxadiazole-3-carboxamide
    —— (E)-2-cyano-N-(2-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)-3-thiophen-2-ylprop-2-enamide —— C14H9N3O4S
    (E)-2-cyano-N-(2-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)-3-thiophen-2-ylprop-2-enamide
    —— ethyl (4S,7R)-2-amino-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-5-oxo-7-phenyl-4,6,7,8-tetrahydrochromene-3-carboxylate —— C25H25NO6
    ethyl (4S,7R)-2-amino-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-5-oxo-7-phenyl-4,6,7,8-tetrahydrochromene-3-carboxylate
    —— methyl (4Z)-4-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)-2-methyl-5-oxo-1-(tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxylate —— C19H21NO5
    methyl (4Z)-4-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)-2-methyl-5-oxo-1-(tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxylate
    —— ethyl (4S,7S)-2-amino-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-5-oxo-7-phenyl-4,6,7,8-tetrahydrochromene-3-carboxylate —— C25H25NO6
    ethyl (4S,7S)-2-amino-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-5-oxo-7-phenyl-4,6,7,8-tetrahydrochromene-3-carboxylate
    —— ethyl (4R,7S)-2-amino-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-5-oxo-7-phenyl-4,6,7,8-tetrahydrochromene-3-carboxylate —— C25H25NO6
    ethyl (4R,7S)-2-amino-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-5-oxo-7-phenyl-4,6,7,8-tetrahydrochromene-3-carboxylate
    —— methyl (4Z)-4-(2-hydroxybenzylidene)-2-methyl-5-oxo-1-(prop-2-en-1-yl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxylate —— C17H17NO4
    methyl (4Z)-4-(2-hydroxybenzylidene)-2-methyl-5-oxo-1-(prop-2-en-1-yl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxylate
    —— methyl (4S)-6-amino-5-cyano-4-(3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-methyl-4H-pyran-3-carboxylate —— C15H12Br2N2O4
    methyl (4S)-6-amino-5-cyano-4-(3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-methyl-4H-pyran-3-carboxylate
    —— ethyl (2Z,5S)-2-benzylidene-5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-7-methyl-3-oxo-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate —— C23H20N2O4S
    ethyl (2Z,5S)-2-benzylidene-5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-7-methyl-3-oxo-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate
    —— (7S)-7-(4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)bicyclo[4.2.0]octa-1(6),2,4-triene-2,3-diol —— C11H12N2O2
    (7S)-7-(4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)bicyclo[4.2.0]octa-1(6),2,4-triene-2,3-diol
    —— (2Z)-2-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-4-ium-3-one —— C13H13N2O2S+
    (2Z)-2-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-4-ium-3-one
    —— (5Z)-5-[(3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-(2-cyclopentylethyl)-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C18H20BrNO3S2
    (5Z)-5-[(3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-(2-cyclopentylethyl)-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— (5Z)-3-(2-cyclopentylethyl)-5-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzylidene)-2-thioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C18H21NO3S2
    (5Z)-3-(2-cyclopentylethyl)-5-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzylidene)-2-thioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 4-[2-[(R)-methylsulfinyl]ethyl]benzene-1,2-diol —— C9H12O3S
    4-[2-[(R)-methylsulfinyl]ethyl]benzene-1,2-diol
    —— (5Z)-5-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-3-(3-phenylpropyl)-2-thioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C20H19NO3S2
    (5Z)-5-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-3-(3-phenylpropyl)-2-thioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— (5Z)-5-(2-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzylidene)-3-(3-phenylpropyl)-2-thioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C20H18BrNO3S2
    (5Z)-5-(2-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzylidene)-3-(3-phenylpropyl)-2-thioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— (6E)-6-[[[4-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]amino]methylidene]-4-nitrocyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one —— C16H11N3O5S
    (6E)-6-[[[4-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]amino]methylidene]-4-nitrocyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one
    —— tert-butyl N-[1-[(S)-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-thiophen-2-ylmethyl]piperidin-4-yl]carbamate —— C21H28N2O3S
    tert-butyl N-[1-[(S)-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-thiophen-2-ylmethyl]piperidin-4-yl]carbamate
    —— (5Z)-5-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzylidene)-3-(3-phenylpropyl)-2-thioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C20H19NO3S2
    (5Z)-5-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzylidene)-3-(3-phenylpropyl)-2-thioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— tert-butyl N-[1-[(R)-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-thiophen-2-ylmethyl]piperidin-4-yl]carbamate —— C21H28N2O3S
    tert-butyl N-[1-[(R)-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-thiophen-2-ylmethyl]piperidin-4-yl]carbamate
    —— ethyl (2Z)-2-(3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzylidene)-7-methyl-3-oxo-5-(thiophen-2-yl)-2,3-dihydro-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate —— C21H16Br2N2O4S2
    ethyl (2Z)-2-(3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzylidene)-7-methyl-3-oxo-5-(thiophen-2-yl)-2,3-dihydro-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate
    —— tert-butyl N-[1-[(S)-furan-2-yl-(2-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]piperidin-4-yl]carbamate —— C21H28N2O4
    tert-butyl N-[1-[(S)-furan-2-yl-(2-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]piperidin-4-yl]carbamate
    —— tert-butyl N-[1-[(R)-furan-2-yl-(2-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]piperidin-4-yl]carbamate —— C21H28N2O4
    tert-butyl N-[1-[(R)-furan-2-yl-(2-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]piperidin-4-yl]carbamate
    —— (5E)-5-(3-bromo-5-chloro-4-hydroxybenzylidene)-3-ethyl-1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione —— C12H9BrClNO3S
    (5E)-5-(3-bromo-5-chloro-4-hydroxybenzylidene)-3-ethyl-1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione
    —— N,N'-bis[(Z)-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]oxamide —— C18H18N4O6
    N,N'-bis[(Z)-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]oxamide
    —— 6-[(E)-2-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)ethenyl]-5-nitro-1H-pyrimidine-2,4-dione —— C13H11N3O5
    6-[(E)-2-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)ethenyl]-5-nitro-1H-pyrimidine-2,4-dione
    —— (6Z)-6-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-one —— C17H20O3
    (6Z)-6-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-one
    —— (5E)-5-[(3-bromo-2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-2-(2-chlorophenyl)imino-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C16H9BrClN3O4S
    (5E)-5-[(3-bromo-2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-2-(2-chlorophenyl)imino-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— N-[(8S,8aS)-5,7,7-tricyano-8-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-methyl-1,3,8,8a-tetrahydroisoquinolin-6-yl]-2-chloroacetamide —— C21H18ClN5O2
    N-[(8S,8aS)-5,7,7-tricyano-8-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-methyl-1,3,8,8a-tetrahydroisoquinolin-6-yl]-2-chloroacetamide
    —— N,N'-bis[(Z)-1-(3-hydroxyphenyl)ethylideneamino]hexanediamide —— C22H26N4O4
    N,N'-bis[(Z)-1-(3-hydroxyphenyl)ethylideneamino]hexanediamide
    —— (5Z)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)imino-5-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-prop-2-enyl-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C19H16N2O3S
    (5Z)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)imino-5-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-prop-2-enyl-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— N-[(5Z)-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-4-oxo-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]-2-(2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)acetamide —— C19H13Cl3N2O5S2
    N-[(5Z)-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-4-oxo-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]-2-(2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)acetamide
    —— N-[2-[(2S,6S)-2,6-dimethylmorpholin-4-yl]-2-methylpropyl]-3-hydroxy-4-nitrobenzamide —— C17H25N3O5
    N-[2-[(2S,6S)-2,6-dimethylmorpholin-4-yl]-2-methylpropyl]-3-hydroxy-4-nitrobenzamide
    —— 3-hydroxy-4-nitro-N-[(1R)-1-pyridin-2-ylethyl]benzamide —— C14H13N3O4
    3-hydroxy-4-nitro-N-[(1R)-1-pyridin-2-ylethyl]benzamide
    —— N-[2-[(2R,6R)-2,6-dimethylmorpholin-4-yl]-2-methylpropyl]-3-hydroxy-4-nitrobenzamide —— C17H25N3O5
    N-[2-[(2R,6R)-2,6-dimethylmorpholin-4-yl]-2-methylpropyl]-3-hydroxy-4-nitrobenzamide
    —— 3-hydroxy-N-[(2S)-2-(5-methylfuran-2-yl)-2-morpholin-4-ylethyl]-4-nitrobenzamide —— C18H21N3O6
    3-hydroxy-N-[(2S)-2-(5-methylfuran-2-yl)-2-morpholin-4-ylethyl]-4-nitrobenzamide
    —— 5-[(2-Hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-1,3-diphenyl-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-diazinane-4,6-dione —— C23H15N3O5S
    5-[(2-Hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-1,3-diphenyl-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-diazinane-4,6-dione
    —— N-[(2R)-2-(dimethylamino)-2-thiophen-2-ylethyl]-3-hydroxy-4-nitrobenzamide —— C15H17N3O4S
    N-[(2R)-2-(dimethylamino)-2-thiophen-2-ylethyl]-3-hydroxy-4-nitrobenzamide
    —— 3-hydroxy-4-nitro-N-[(2R)-2-pyrrolidin-1-yl-2-thiophen-2-ylethyl]benzamide —— C17H19N3O4S
    3-hydroxy-4-nitro-N-[(2R)-2-pyrrolidin-1-yl-2-thiophen-2-ylethyl]benzamide
    —— N-[[(2R)-4-benzylmorpholin-2-yl]methyl]-3-hydroxy-4-nitrobenzamide —— C19H21N3O5
    N-[[(2R)-4-benzylmorpholin-2-yl]methyl]-3-hydroxy-4-nitrobenzamide
    —— N-[(3S)-1-benzylpyrrolidin-3-yl]-3-hydroxy-4-nitrobenzamide —— C18H19N3O4
    N-[(3S)-1-benzylpyrrolidin-3-yl]-3-hydroxy-4-nitrobenzamide
    —— (5E)-3-benzyl-5-(2-hydroxy-3-nitrobenzylidene)-2-thioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C17H12N2O4S2
    (5E)-3-benzyl-5-(2-hydroxy-3-nitrobenzylidene)-2-thioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— (4Z)-2-(3-chlorophenyl)-4-[(2-hydroxy-3,5-dinitroanilino)methylidene]-5-methylpyrazol-3-one —— C17H12ClN5O6
    (4Z)-2-(3-chlorophenyl)-4-[(2-hydroxy-3,5-dinitroanilino)methylidene]-5-methylpyrazol-3-one
    —— ethyl (2Z)-2-(3-bromo-5-chloro-2-hydroxybenzylidene)-7-methyl-3-oxo-5-(thiophen-2-yl)-2,3-dihydro-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate —— C21H16BrClN2O4S2
    ethyl (2Z)-2-(3-bromo-5-chloro-2-hydroxybenzylidene)-7-methyl-3-oxo-5-(thiophen-2-yl)-2,3-dihydro-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate
    —— ethyl (2Z)-5-(2-ethoxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-prop-2-enylphenyl)methylidene]-7-methyl-3-oxo-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate —— C30H32N2O7S
    ethyl (2Z)-5-(2-ethoxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-prop-2-enylphenyl)methylidene]-7-methyl-3-oxo-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate