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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— N-[(Z)-benzylideneamino]-2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzamide —— C14H11N3O4
    N-[(Z)-benzylideneamino]-2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzamide
    —— 2-[[[2-[2-Methoxyethyl(methyl)amino]-6-pyridin-4-ylpyrimidin-4-yl]diazenyl]methyl]-4-methylphenol —— C21H24N6O2
    2-[[[2-[2-Methoxyethyl(methyl)amino]-6-pyridin-4-ylpyrimidin-4-yl]diazenyl]methyl]-4-methylphenol
    —— (5E)-5-[(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)methylidene]-2-(3-methylphenyl)imino-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C19H18N2O2S
    (5E)-5-[(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)methylidene]-2-(3-methylphenyl)imino-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 2-{[(5E)-5-(3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzylidene)-2,4-dioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]methyl}benzonitrile —— C18H10BrN3O5S
    2-{[(5E)-5-(3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzylidene)-2,4-dioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]methyl}benzonitrile
    —— 1-[(Z)-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-3-methylthiourea —— C10H13N3O2S
    1-[(Z)-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-3-methylthiourea
    —— (5E)-5-(3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzylidene)-3-ethyl-2-thioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C13H12BrNO3S2
    (5E)-5-(3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzylidene)-3-ethyl-2-thioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 4-[3-hydroxy-2-(1H-pyrrol-2-yl)propyl]-3-methylphenol —— C14H17NO2
    4-[3-hydroxy-2-(1H-pyrrol-2-yl)propyl]-3-methylphenol
    —— 6-(4-Phenylbut-1-enyl)benzene-1,2,4-triol —— C16H16O3
    6-(4-Phenylbut-1-enyl)benzene-1,2,4-triol
    —— 3-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-4-hydroxy-1,3-thiazole-2-thione —— C9H7NO3S2
    3-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-4-hydroxy-1,3-thiazole-2-thione
    —— (4Z,8Z)-N-(2-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)bicyclo[10.1.0]trideca-4,8-diene-13-carboxamide —— C20H24N2O4
    (4Z,8Z)-N-(2-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)bicyclo[10.1.0]trideca-4,8-diene-13-carboxamide
    —— (5Z)-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-1-methyl-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-diazinane-4,6-dione —— C13H12N2O4S
    (5Z)-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-1-methyl-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-diazinane-4,6-dione
    —— 3-methoxy-6-(4,5,6-trimethoxy-1H-inden-1-yl)benzene-1,2-diol —— C19H20O6
    3-methoxy-6-(4,5,6-trimethoxy-1H-inden-1-yl)benzene-1,2-diol
    —— 2,5-Bis[6-(benzylethylamino)hexylamino]-[1,4]-benzoquinone —— C36H52N4O2
    2,5-Bis[6-(benzylethylamino)hexylamino]-[1,4]-benzoquinone
    —— Ethane;ethoxy-[(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)methyl]-oxophosphanium;methanol —— C14H26O4P+
    Ethane;ethoxy-[(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)methyl]-oxophosphanium;methanol
    —— 5-[4-amino-N-(7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)anilino]-2-methoxyphenol —— C19H17N5O2
    5-[4-amino-N-(7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)anilino]-2-methoxyphenol
    —— (2Z)-2-[(2-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]benzimidazol-1-one —— C16H9N3O4S
    (2Z)-2-[(2-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]benzimidazol-1-one
    —— 2-Methoxy-5-(2-phenylmethoxyethyl)aniline —— C16H19NO2
    2-Methoxy-5-(2-phenylmethoxyethyl)aniline
    —— 2-(2-Hydroxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1,3-oxazol-3-ium-3-carboxylic acid —— C10H10NO4+
    2-(2-Hydroxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1,3-oxazol-3-ium-3-carboxylic acid
    —— 3-(2H-1,4-thiazin-2-yl)phenol —— C10H9NOS
    3-(2H-1,4-thiazin-2-yl)phenol
    —— 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-N'-(5-nitro-2-oxoindol-3-yl)benzohydrazide —— C16H12N4O6
    4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-N'-(5-nitro-2-oxoindol-3-yl)benzohydrazide
    —— (5E)-5-(4-hydroxy-3-nitrobenzylidene)-3-(4-nitrophenyl)-2-thioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C16H9N3O6S2
    (5E)-5-(4-hydroxy-3-nitrobenzylidene)-3-(4-nitrophenyl)-2-thioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— (5E)-5-[[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]methylidene]-3-(2-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)-2-phenylimidazol-4-one —— C24H20N4O4
    (5E)-5-[[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]methylidene]-3-(2-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)-2-phenylimidazol-4-one
    —— 2-(diazinan-1-yl)-5-[(4-fluoro-2-hydroxyphenyl)-[[(3S)-pyrrolidin-3-yl]amino]methylidene]-1,3-thiazol-4-one —— C18H22FN5O2S
    2-(diazinan-1-yl)-5-[(4-fluoro-2-hydroxyphenyl)-[[(3S)-pyrrolidin-3-yl]amino]methylidene]-1,3-thiazol-4-one
    —— Acetaldehyde;ethane;phenol —— C16H34O2
    Acetaldehyde;ethane;phenol
    —— 4-[(2-cyclopenta-2,4-dien-1-ylphenyl)methyl]-6-[[4-(4-methylcyclohexyl)phenyl]methyl]-8H-benzo[7]annulen-3-ol —— C37H38O
    4-[(2-cyclopenta-2,4-dien-1-ylphenyl)methyl]-6-[[4-(4-methylcyclohexyl)phenyl]methyl]-8H-benzo[7]annulen-3-ol
    —— 2-[[[6-(Diethylamino)-2-(2-morpholin-4-ylethoxy)pyrimidin-4-yl]diazenyl]methyl]-4-methylphenol —— C22H32N6O3
    2-[[[6-(Diethylamino)-2-(2-morpholin-4-ylethoxy)pyrimidin-4-yl]diazenyl]methyl]-4-methylphenol
    —— 5-[[[6-[4-(Aminomethyl)phenyl]-7-methylthieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]diazenyl]methyl]-2-methoxyphenol —— C22H21N5O2S
    5-[[[6-[4-(Aminomethyl)phenyl]-7-methylthieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]diazenyl]methyl]-2-methoxyphenol
    —— 2-[(5E)-5-(3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzylidene)-2,4-dioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]-N-(3,4-dimethylphenyl)acetamide —— C20H16BrN3O6S
    2-[(5E)-5-(3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzylidene)-2,4-dioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]-N-(3,4-dimethylphenyl)acetamide
    —— N-[(5-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)methyl]acetamide —— C10H13NO2
    N-[(5-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)methyl]acetamide
    —— (E)-3-(3,6-dimethylbenzofuran-2-yl)-1-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one —— C20H18O4
    (E)-3-(3,6-dimethylbenzofuran-2-yl)-1-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one
    —— ethyl (2Z)-2-(3-hydroxybenzylidene)-7-methyl-3-oxo-5-(thiophen-2-yl)-2,3-dihydro-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate —— C21H18N2O4S2
    ethyl (2Z)-2-(3-hydroxybenzylidene)-7-methyl-3-oxo-5-(thiophen-2-yl)-2,3-dihydro-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate
    —— 5-[2-(6-Ethyl-4-methoxy-7-methyloctan-3-yl)oxyethyl]-2-methoxyphenol —— C21H36O4
    5-[2-(6-Ethyl-4-methoxy-7-methyloctan-3-yl)oxyethyl]-2-methoxyphenol
    —— 2-(3,5-Dihydroxyphenyl)-2-hydroxycyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid —— C10H10O5
    2-(3,5-Dihydroxyphenyl)-2-hydroxycyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid
    —— Butan-2-one;ethane;phenol —— C12H20O2
    Butan-2-one;ethane;phenol
    —— 4-(1-Diethoxyphosphoryl-2-pyrimidin-2-yliminoethyl)-2,6-dimethoxyphenol —— C18H24N3O6P
    4-(1-Diethoxyphosphoryl-2-pyrimidin-2-yliminoethyl)-2,6-dimethoxyphenol
    —— 3-[(4-Chloro-2-fluoro-5-hydroxyphenyl)diazenyl]-1,1,1-trifluorobutan-2-one —— C10H7ClF4N2O2
    3-[(4-Chloro-2-fluoro-5-hydroxyphenyl)diazenyl]-1,1,1-trifluorobutan-2-one
    —— (5E)-3-(2-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)-2-phenyl-5-[(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)methylidene]imidazol-4-one —— C25H21N3O7
    (5E)-3-(2-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)-2-phenyl-5-[(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)methylidene]imidazol-4-one
    —— 2-Methylbenzene-1,4-diol;(4-methylphenyl) methanesulfinate —— C15H18O4S
    2-Methylbenzene-1,4-diol;(4-methylphenyl) methanesulfinate
    —— 1-(4-amino-1,2,5-oxadiazol-3-yl)-N-[(Z)-1-(3-hydroxyphenyl)ethylideneamino]-5-methyltriazole-4-carboxamide —— C14H14N8O3
    1-(4-amino-1,2,5-oxadiazol-3-yl)-N-[(Z)-1-(3-hydroxyphenyl)ethylideneamino]-5-methyltriazole-4-carboxamide
    —— N-(2-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)-4-[(5Z)-5-(4-methylbenzylidene)-4-oxo-2-thioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]butanamide —— C21H19N3O5S2
    N-(2-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)-4-[(5Z)-5-(4-methylbenzylidene)-4-oxo-2-thioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]butanamide
    —— 5-[[[4-(3-chloro-4-hydroxyanilino)-6-(cycloheptylamino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]amino]methyl]-4-hydroxy-3H-1,3-thiazol-2-one —— C20H24ClN7O3S
    5-[[[4-(3-chloro-4-hydroxyanilino)-6-(cycloheptylamino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]amino]methyl]-4-hydroxy-3H-1,3-thiazol-2-one
    —— (2Z,5Z)-3-benzyl-2-(benzylimino)-5-(3-chloro-4-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzylidene)-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C25H21ClN2O3S
    (2Z,5Z)-3-benzyl-2-(benzylimino)-5-(3-chloro-4-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzylidene)-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 3-[1-[(3,5-Dimethyl-1,2-oxazol-4-yl)methyl]pyrazol-4-yl]-4-hydroxy-1-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]imidazol-2-one —— C19H19N5O4
    3-[1-[(3,5-Dimethyl-1,2-oxazol-4-yl)methyl]pyrazol-4-yl]-4-hydroxy-1-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]imidazol-2-one
    —— 3-[5-[(2-Hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-4-oxo-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]heptanedioic acid —— C18H19NO7S2
    3-[5-[(2-Hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-4-oxo-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]heptanedioic acid
    —— (5Z)-5-[(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-(2-phenylethyl)-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C19H17NO3S2
    (5Z)-5-[(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-(2-phenylethyl)-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl N-pyrimidin-4-ylcarbamate —— C14H15N3O3
    2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl N-pyrimidin-4-ylcarbamate
    —— [Butyl(dimethyl)silyl] trifluoromethanesulfonate;4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde —— C15H23F3O6SSi
    [Butyl(dimethyl)silyl] trifluoromethanesulfonate;4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde
    —— 4-[2-[(2-Chloro-4-methoxyphenyl)methylsulfonyl]ethenyl]benzene-1,2-diol —— C16H15ClO5S
    4-[2-[(2-Chloro-4-methoxyphenyl)methylsulfonyl]ethenyl]benzene-1,2-diol
    —— (5Z)-5-[(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-phenyl-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C17H13NO3S2
    (5Z)-5-[(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-phenyl-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— dimethyl (2Z)-5-amino-7-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-oxo-7H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyridine-6,8-dicarboxylate —— C24H20N2O7S
    dimethyl (2Z)-5-amino-7-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-oxo-7H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyridine-6,8-dicarboxylate