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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (5E)-3-benzyl-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-sulfanylideneimidazolidin-4-one —— C18H16N2O3S
    (5E)-3-benzyl-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-sulfanylideneimidazolidin-4-one
    —— Trifluoro-(5-fluoro-2-hydroxyphenyl)boranuide —— C6H4BF4O-
    Trifluoro-(5-fluoro-2-hydroxyphenyl)boranuide
    —— 2-Bromo-4-iodo-6-methylphenol —— C7H6BrIO
    2-Bromo-4-iodo-6-methylphenol
    —— O2-Ethyl O1-[2-(3-fluoro-4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl] oxalate —— C13H15FO5
    O2-Ethyl O1-[2-(3-fluoro-4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl] oxalate
    —— ethyl (2Z)-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(2-hydroxy-3,5-diiodobenzylidene)-7-methyl-3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate —— C23H17ClI2N2O4S
    ethyl (2Z)-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(2-hydroxy-3,5-diiodobenzylidene)-7-methyl-3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate
    —— 4-Ethoxy-3,5-dimethylphenethyl alcohol —— C12H18O2
    4-Ethoxy-3,5-dimethylphenethyl alcohol
    —— O1-[2-(4-Ethoxyphenyl)ethyl] O2-ethyl oxalate —— C14H18O5
    O1-[2-(4-Ethoxyphenyl)ethyl] O2-ethyl oxalate
    —— 3-iso-Butoxy-4-methoxyphenethyl alcohol —— C13H20O3
    3-iso-Butoxy-4-methoxyphenethyl alcohol
    —— 2-(3-Fluoro-4-(isopentyloxy)phenyl)ethanol —— C13H19FO2
    2-(3-Fluoro-4-(isopentyloxy)phenyl)ethanol
    —— 2-(4-Methoxy-3-propoxyphenyl)ethanol —— C12H18O3
    2-(4-Methoxy-3-propoxyphenyl)ethanol
    —— 2-Methyl-4-iso-pentoxyphenethyl alcohol —— C14H22O2
    2-Methyl-4-iso-pentoxyphenethyl alcohol
    —— 4-iso-Butoxy-3-methylphenethyl alcohol —— C13H20O2
    4-iso-Butoxy-3-methylphenethyl alcohol
    —— 3-Chloro-4-n-propoxyphenethyl alcohol —— C11H15ClO2
    3-Chloro-4-n-propoxyphenethyl alcohol
    —— 2-(3-Fluoro-4-propoxyphenyl)ethanol —— C11H15FO2
    2-(3-Fluoro-4-propoxyphenyl)ethanol
    —— O2-Ethyl O1-[2-(4-methoxy-3-methylphenyl)ethyl] oxalate —— C14H18O5
    O2-Ethyl O1-[2-(4-methoxy-3-methylphenyl)ethyl] oxalate
    —— O1-[2-(2,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl] O2-ethyl oxalate —— C14H18O6
    O1-[2-(2,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl] O2-ethyl oxalate
    —— ethyl (5Z)-2-(3,4-dichloroanilino)-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-4-oxothiophene-3-carboxylate —— C21H17Cl2NO5S
    ethyl (5Z)-2-(3,4-dichloroanilino)-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-4-oxothiophene-3-carboxylate
    —— 2-(3,5-Dimethyl-4-propoxyphenyl)ethanol —— C13H20O2
    2-(3,5-Dimethyl-4-propoxyphenyl)ethanol
    —— Furan-2-yl-[3-(3-hydroxy-2-methoxyphenyl)-5-thiophen-2-yl-3,4-dihydropyrazol-2-yl]methanone —— C19H16N2O4S
    Furan-2-yl-[3-(3-hydroxy-2-methoxyphenyl)-5-thiophen-2-yl-3,4-dihydropyrazol-2-yl]methanone
    —— 1-[3-(3-Hydroxy-2-methoxyphenyl)-5-thiophen-2-yl-3,4-dihydropyrazol-2-yl]propan-1-one —— C17H18N2O3S
    1-[3-(3-Hydroxy-2-methoxyphenyl)-5-thiophen-2-yl-3,4-dihydropyrazol-2-yl]propan-1-one
    —— ethyl (2Z)-2-(5-bromo-2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-5-(4-ethoxyphenyl)-7-methyl-3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate —— C26H25BrN2O6S
    ethyl (2Z)-2-(5-bromo-2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-5-(4-ethoxyphenyl)-7-methyl-3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate
    —— (2Z)-2-[(3-chloro-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-5-(3-methoxyphenyl)-7-methyl-3-oxo-N-phenyl-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxamide —— C29H24ClN3O5S
    (2Z)-2-[(3-chloro-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-5-(3-methoxyphenyl)-7-methyl-3-oxo-N-phenyl-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxamide
    —— N-[2-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-2-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine-3-carboxamide —— C16H15F3N2O3
    N-[2-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-2-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine-3-carboxamide
    —— 5-((2E)-3-(2-furyl)prop-2-enylidene)-3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-2-thioxo-1,3-thiazoli din-4-one —— C16H11NO3S2
    5-((2E)-3-(2-furyl)prop-2-enylidene)-3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-2-thioxo-1,3-thiazoli din-4-one
    —— 5-[[(3,6-Dimethylpyrazin-2-yl)-methylamino]methyl]-2-methoxyphenol —— C15H19N3O2
    5-[[(3,6-Dimethylpyrazin-2-yl)-methylamino]methyl]-2-methoxyphenol
    —— 3-chloro-4-hydroxy-5-methoxy-N-(2-methyl-2-pyridin-4-ylpropyl)benzamide —— C17H19ClN2O3
    3-chloro-4-hydroxy-5-methoxy-N-(2-methyl-2-pyridin-4-ylpropyl)benzamide
    —— (4Z)-4-[(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-2-(3-nitrophenyl)-1,3-oxazol-5-one —— C16H9N3O7
    (4Z)-4-[(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-2-(3-nitrophenyl)-1,3-oxazol-5-one
    —— (2R)-N-(4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)-2-methoxy-2-phenylacetamide —— C15H14N2O5
    (2R)-N-(4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)-2-methoxy-2-phenylacetamide
    —— (2-Hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)-[3-methyl-4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)piperazin-1-yl]methanone —— C14H16F3N3O4
    (2-Hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)-[3-methyl-4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)piperazin-1-yl]methanone
    —— N-(2,2-difluoroethyl)-2-hydroxy-4-nitrobenzamide —— C9H8F2N2O4
    N-(2,2-difluoroethyl)-2-hydroxy-4-nitrobenzamide
    —— (E)-1-(4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)-3-[1-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)imidazol-2-yl]prop-2-en-1-one —— C14H10F3N3O4
    (E)-1-(4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)-3-[1-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)imidazol-2-yl]prop-2-en-1-one
    —— (3Z)-3-[(2-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-1H-indol-2-one —— C15H10N2O4
    (3Z)-3-[(2-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-1H-indol-2-one
    —— ethyl (2Z)-7-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-[(3-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-5-methyl-3-oxo-7H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate —— C24H22N2O6S
    ethyl (2Z)-7-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-[(3-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-5-methyl-3-oxo-7H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate
    —— (6E)-2,4-dichloro-6-[(2-hydroxy-4-nitroanilino)methylidene]cyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one —— C13H8Cl2N2O4
    (6E)-2,4-dichloro-6-[(2-hydroxy-4-nitroanilino)methylidene]cyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one
    —— N-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-3-(4-hydroxy-2-oxopyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-3-yl)-3-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]propanamide —— C26H22F3N3O6
    N-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-3-(4-hydroxy-2-oxopyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-3-yl)-3-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]propanamide
    —— 5-[(Z)-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-ylhydrazinylidene)methyl]-2-methoxyphenol —— C15H13N3O2S
    5-[(Z)-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-ylhydrazinylidene)methyl]-2-methoxyphenol
    —— ethyl {4-[3-amino-1-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-3-oxopropyl]-3-hydroxy-1H-pyrazol-5-yl}acetate —— C16H19N3O5
    ethyl {4-[3-amino-1-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-3-oxopropyl]-3-hydroxy-1H-pyrazol-5-yl}acetate
    —— 3-(3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-(3-hydroxy-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)propanamide —— C13H14ClN3O3
    3-(3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-(3-hydroxy-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)propanamide
    —— N-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-3-(4-hydroxy-2-oxopyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-3-yl)-3-[3-methoxy-4-(2-methylprop-2-enoxy)phenyl]propanamide —— C30H31N3O7
    N-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-3-(4-hydroxy-2-oxopyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-3-yl)-3-[3-methoxy-4-(2-methylprop-2-enoxy)phenyl]propanamide
    —— 3-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-N-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-3-(4-hydroxy-2-oxopyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-3-yl)propanamide —— C26H23N3O7
    3-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-N-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-3-(4-hydroxy-2-oxopyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-3-yl)propanamide
    —— N-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-3-(4-hydroxy-2-oxopyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-3-yl)-3-(5-methoxy-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-7-yl)propanamide —— C28H27N3O8
    N-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-3-(4-hydroxy-2-oxopyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-3-yl)-3-(5-methoxy-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-7-yl)propanamide
    —— N-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-3-(4-hydroxy-2-oxopyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-3-yl)-3-quinolin-6-ylpropanamide —— C28H24N4O5
    N-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-3-(4-hydroxy-2-oxopyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-3-yl)-3-quinolin-6-ylpropanamide
    —— 3-[4-[2-(2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)ethoxy]phenyl]-N-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-3-(4-hydroxy-2-oxopyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-3-yl)propanamide —— C35H33N3O7
    3-[4-[2-(2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)ethoxy]phenyl]-N-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-3-(4-hydroxy-2-oxopyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-3-yl)propanamide
    —— N-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-3-(4-hydroxy-2-oxopyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-3-yl)-3-(7-methoxy-1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)propanamide —— C27H25N3O8
    N-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-3-(4-hydroxy-2-oxopyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-3-yl)-3-(7-methoxy-1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)propanamide
    —— 5-[(E)-2-(5-chloro-1,3-benzoxazol-2-yl)ethenyl]-2-methoxyphenol —— C16H12ClNO3
    5-[(E)-2-(5-chloro-1,3-benzoxazol-2-yl)ethenyl]-2-methoxyphenol
    —— 2-methoxy-5-[(Z)-[[2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]hydrazinylidene]methyl]phenol —— C15H13F3N2O2
    2-methoxy-5-[(Z)-[[2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]hydrazinylidene]methyl]phenol
    —— (3E)-3-[[4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-[(E)-(2-oxooxolan-3-ylidene)methyl]phenyl]methylidene]oxolan-2-one —— C17H16O6
    (3E)-3-[[4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-[(E)-(2-oxooxolan-3-ylidene)methyl]phenyl]methylidene]oxolan-2-one
    —— 2-(2-ethoxyphenoxy)-N-[(Z)-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]acetamide —— C18H20N2O5
    2-(2-ethoxyphenoxy)-N-[(Z)-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]acetamide
    —— 2-{[(5E)-5-(2-hydroxy-3-nitrobenzylidene)-2,4-dioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]methyl}benzonitrile —— C18H11N3O5S
    2-{[(5E)-5-(2-hydroxy-3-nitrobenzylidene)-2,4-dioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]methyl}benzonitrile
    —— 3,4-Dihydroxy<β,β-2H2>phenaethylamin 72535-00-3 C8H11NO2
    3,4-Dihydroxy<β,β-2H2>phenaethylamin