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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— [(4S)-5-carbamoyloxy-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-6,6-dimethylheptan-4-yl] carbamate —— C17H26N2O5
    [(4S)-5-carbamoyloxy-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-6,6-dimethylheptan-4-yl] carbamate
    —— 4-(3-Hexylnon-3-en-1-ynyl)phenol —— C21H30O
    4-(3-Hexylnon-3-en-1-ynyl)phenol
    —— Ethane;ethanol;phenol —— C12H24O2
    Ethane;ethanol;phenol
    —— 4-(Aminomethylidene-methyl-oxo-lambda6-sulfanyl)phenol —— C8H11NO2S
    4-(Aminomethylidene-methyl-oxo-lambda6-sulfanyl)phenol
    —— 3-Amino-6-fluorobenzene-1,2,4,5-tetrol —— C6H6FNO4
    3-Amino-6-fluorobenzene-1,2,4,5-tetrol
    —— 2-[(5Z)-5-[(2-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-4-oxo-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]acetic acid —— C13H10BrNO5S2
    2-[(5Z)-5-[(2-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-4-oxo-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]acetic acid
    —— (5Z)-5-[(2,3-dibromo-6-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-methyl-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C12H9Br2NO3S2
    (5Z)-5-[(2,3-dibromo-6-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-methyl-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 2-(Diazenylmethyl)-4-nitrophenol —— C7H7N3O3
    2-(Diazenylmethyl)-4-nitrophenol
    —— (4Z)-4-[(4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-2-phenyl-1,3-oxazol-5-one —— C16H10N2O5
    (4Z)-4-[(4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-2-phenyl-1,3-oxazol-5-one
    —— (E)-3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-2-(7-methyl-4-oxo-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-3H-[1]benzothiolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-yl)prop-2-enenitrile —— C21H19N3O3S
    (E)-3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-2-(7-methyl-4-oxo-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-3H-[1]benzothiolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-yl)prop-2-enenitrile
    —— Benzene-1,2,3-triol;1-methoxypropane —— C10H16O4
    Benzene-1,2,3-triol;1-methoxypropane
    —— (E)-5-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxy-3-methylphenyl)-1-(3'-hydroxy-1,2',2',5-tetramethylspiro[bicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-7,5'-oxolane]-6-yl)-3-methylpent-3-en-1-one —— C28H40O5
    (E)-5-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxy-3-methylphenyl)-1-(3'-hydroxy-1,2',2',5-tetramethylspiro[bicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-7,5'-oxolane]-6-yl)-3-methylpent-3-en-1-one
    —— 4-(6-Methylidenecyclohexa-1,3-dien-1-yl)phenol —— C13H12O
    4-(6-Methylidenecyclohexa-1,3-dien-1-yl)phenol
    —— (4E)-2-(3-chlorophenyl)-4-[(4-hydroxy-2-methylanilino)methylidene]-5-methylpyrazol-3-one —— C18H16ClN3O2
    (4E)-2-(3-chlorophenyl)-4-[(4-hydroxy-2-methylanilino)methylidene]-5-methylpyrazol-3-one
    —— 2-[(1R)-2-(carboxymethoxy)-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-oxoethoxy]acetic acid —— C13H14O9
    2-[(1R)-2-(carboxymethoxy)-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-oxoethoxy]acetic acid
    —— 2-Methoxy-6-[(pyridin-2-yldiazenyl)methyl]phenol —— C13H13N3O2
    2-Methoxy-6-[(pyridin-2-yldiazenyl)methyl]phenol
    —— 2-[1-(Heptylamino)ethyl]phenol —— C15H25NO
    2-[1-(Heptylamino)ethyl]phenol
    —— (5E)-5-(3-bromo-4-hydroxybenzylidene)-3-(2-chloro-6-fluorobenzyl)-1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione —— C17H10BrClFNO3S
    (5E)-5-(3-bromo-4-hydroxybenzylidene)-3-(2-chloro-6-fluorobenzyl)-1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione
    —— 2-(1-Amino-2-pyridin-2-ylethyl)phenol —— C13H14N2O
    2-(1-Amino-2-pyridin-2-ylethyl)phenol
    —— 2-[(6-Chloropyridazin-3-yl)-diazenylmethyl]-6-nitrophenol —— C11H8ClN5O3
    2-[(6-Chloropyridazin-3-yl)-diazenylmethyl]-6-nitrophenol
    —— 2-[[[2-[2-Hydroxyethyl(methyl)amino]-6-pyridin-4-ylpyrimidin-4-yl]diazenyl]methyl]-4-methylphenol —— C20H22N6O2
    2-[[[2-[2-Hydroxyethyl(methyl)amino]-6-pyridin-4-ylpyrimidin-4-yl]diazenyl]methyl]-4-methylphenol
    —— cyclopenta-1,3-diene;(E)-3-cyclopenta-2,4-dien-1-yl-1-(2-hydroxy-4-methylphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one;iron(2+) —— C20H18FeO2
    cyclopenta-1,3-diene;(E)-3-cyclopenta-2,4-dien-1-yl-1-(2-hydroxy-4-methylphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one;iron(2+)
    —— (E)-3-cyclopenta-1,3-dien-1-yl-1-(2-hydroxy-4-methylphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one —— C15H14O2
    (E)-3-cyclopenta-1,3-dien-1-yl-1-(2-hydroxy-4-methylphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one
    —— Bicyclo[2.2.2]octa-1(6),2,4-triene-2,5-diol —— C8H8O2
    Bicyclo[2.2.2]octa-1(6),2,4-triene-2,5-diol
    —— (5E)-3-acetyl-5-[(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C12H9NO4S2
    (5E)-3-acetyl-5-[(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 4-<2-Cyclohexyl-aethyl>-m-kresol 6800-92-6 C15H22O
    4-<2-Cyclohexyl-aethyl>-m-kresol
    —— 4-Bromo-3-(1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)phenol;ethane —— C11H15BrO3
    4-Bromo-3-(1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)phenol;ethane
    —— (5E)-5-benzylidene-3-(2-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)-2-phenylimidazol-4-one —— C22H15N3O4
    (5E)-5-benzylidene-3-(2-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)-2-phenylimidazol-4-one
    —— (6E)-4-chloro-6-[(2-hydroxy-5-methylanilino)methylidene]-3,5-dimethylcyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one —— C16H16ClNO2
    (6E)-4-chloro-6-[(2-hydroxy-5-methylanilino)methylidene]-3,5-dimethylcyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one
    —— 4-hydroxy-N-[2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)acetyl]-3-nitrobenzohydrazide —— C15H13N3O6
    4-hydroxy-N-[2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)acetyl]-3-nitrobenzohydrazide
    —— [4-[2-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)ethoxy]-6-thiophen-3-yl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]-propan-2-yldiazene —— C20H23N5O3S
    [4-[2-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)ethoxy]-6-thiophen-3-yl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]-propan-2-yldiazene
    —— 4-(Cyclohexen-1-yl)benzene-1,3-diol;ethane —— C14H20O2
    4-(Cyclohexen-1-yl)benzene-1,3-diol;ethane
    —— 4-[1-(4-Ethylsulfonylpiperazin-1-yl)ethyl]phenol —— C14H22N2O3S
    4-[1-(4-Ethylsulfonylpiperazin-1-yl)ethyl]phenol
    —— 7-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-5-imino-3-oxo-6,7-dihydro-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyridine-6,8-dicarbonitrile —— C24H18N4O5S
    7-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-5-imino-3-oxo-6,7-dihydro-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyridine-6,8-dicarbonitrile
    —— 2-[2-[5-[[Acetyl(3-morpholin-4-ylpropyl)amino]methyl]furan-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyphenyl]acetic acid —— C22H28N2O7
    2-[2-[5-[[Acetyl(3-morpholin-4-ylpropyl)amino]methyl]furan-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyphenyl]acetic acid
    —— 2-Methoxy-3,6-dimethyl-5-(2,5,7,7-tetramethyloct-4-en-2-yl)benzene-1,4-diol —— C21H34O3
    2-Methoxy-3,6-dimethyl-5-(2,5,7,7-tetramethyloct-4-en-2-yl)benzene-1,4-diol
    —— (E)-3-[5-(4-chlorophenyl)furan-2-yl]-2-cyano-N-(2-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)prop-2-enamide —— C20H12ClN3O5
    (E)-3-[5-(4-chlorophenyl)furan-2-yl]-2-cyano-N-(2-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)prop-2-enamide
    —— 3-[3-[(2,5-Dihydroxy-3,6-dimethyl-4-methylidenecyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene)methyl]phenyl]-1-morpholin-4-ylpropan-1-one —— C23H27NO4
    3-[3-[(2,5-Dihydroxy-3,6-dimethyl-4-methylidenecyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene)methyl]phenyl]-1-morpholin-4-ylpropan-1-one
    —— 4-Methyl-3-[2-[(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl]-8-morpholin-4-yl-1,3,5,7-thiatriazonin-6-yl]phenol —— C22H30N6O2S
    4-Methyl-3-[2-[(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl]-8-morpholin-4-yl-1,3,5,7-thiatriazonin-6-yl]phenol
    —— 4-[1-Hydroxy-2-(10-hydroxydecan-2-ylamino)ethyl]benzene-1,2-diol —— C18H31NO4
    4-[1-Hydroxy-2-(10-hydroxydecan-2-ylamino)ethyl]benzene-1,2-diol
    —— [2-(1,3-Dioxan-2-yl)-2-methylpropyl] 3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)propanoate;2-[4-[3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)propylperoxy]-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-yl]ethyl 3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)propanoate —— C52H77NO11
    [2-(1,3-Dioxan-2-yl)-2-methylpropyl] 3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)propanoate;2-[4-[3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)propylperoxy]-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-yl]ethyl 3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)propanoate
    —— 2-Methoxy-4-[2-[(4-methylphenyl)methylsulfonyl]ethenyl]phenol —— C17H18O4S
    2-Methoxy-4-[2-[(4-methylphenyl)methylsulfonyl]ethenyl]phenol
    —— 2-Methoxy-5-[2-(2-methoxy-4-propan-2-ylphenoxy)ethyl]phenol —— C19H24O4
    2-Methoxy-5-[2-(2-methoxy-4-propan-2-ylphenoxy)ethyl]phenol
    —— Acetaldehyde;methanol;phenol —— C9H14O3
    Acetaldehyde;methanol;phenol
    —— N-[(Z)-(5-hydroxy-2-nitrophenyl)methylideneamino]-2-phenylacetamide —— C15H13N3O4
    N-[(Z)-(5-hydroxy-2-nitrophenyl)methylideneamino]-2-phenylacetamide
    —— 2-[(E)-2-(benzylamino)-1-nitroethenyl]benzene-1,4-diol —— C15H14N2O4
    2-[(E)-2-(benzylamino)-1-nitroethenyl]benzene-1,4-diol
    —— 2-cyano-5-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-N-phenyl-N-propylpenta-2,4-dienamide —— C23H24N2O4
    2-cyano-5-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-N-phenyl-N-propylpenta-2,4-dienamide
    —— 4-[2-[(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)amino]-1-(2-hydroxy-4,5-dimethyl-3H-1,3,2-oxazaphosphol-2-ium-2-yl)ethyl]-2,6-dimethoxyphenol —— C20H28N4O5P+
    4-[2-[(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)amino]-1-(2-hydroxy-4,5-dimethyl-3H-1,3,2-oxazaphosphol-2-ium-2-yl)ethyl]-2,6-dimethoxyphenol
    —— (5Z)-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-(3-morpholin-4-ylpropyl)-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C18H22N2O4S2
    (5Z)-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-(3-morpholin-4-ylpropyl)-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 6-(2-Ethoxyphenyl)-4-[(3-hydroxy-4,5-dimethoxyphenyl)methyldiazenyl]thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidine-7-carbonitrile —— C24H21N5O4S
    6-(2-Ethoxyphenyl)-4-[(3-hydroxy-4,5-dimethoxyphenyl)methyldiazenyl]thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidine-7-carbonitrile